Motor innervation of the canine arytenoid muscle]

Dual motor innervation by the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) has been demonstrated in the human arytenoid muscle (AR). Whether AR of the dog receives dual motor innervation remains to be cleared yet, although the canine larynx is frequently used in experimental studies. To answer this question, the author observed the muscular structure in detail and anastomotic nerve branch between the bilateral RLNs, and then carried out glycogen depletion experiments on AR of dog compared with typical unpaired ARs of monkey and of guinea pig. 1) Muscular structure AR of the dog consisted of three parts of muscle bundles: the transverse arytenoid muscle (TVA), ventricular muscle (VT) and anonymous small bundle provisionally named the smaller interarytenoid muscle (IAm). While TVA and VT were paired type, IAm was unpaired type and lay horizontally on the dorsal aspect of the sesamoid cartilage around the midline. So the canine AR displayed a trigastric muscle as a whole. 2) Anastomotic nerve branch By the vital staining with methylene blue, the arytenoid branch of canine RLN ramified in three directions: anteriorly to the bellies of TVA and VT, medially to the anastomotic branch and superomedially to IAm. By the silver impregnation method of Barker and Ip, the bilateral IAm ramuli were found to form collateral anastomoses and terminate disorderly on the individual fibers. 3) Glycogen depletion experiments When an electrical stimulation was applied to the unilateral RLN in the monkey and the guinea pig, about one half of AR fibers were unstained with PAS staining and, in turn, these unstained fibers were known to be innervated by the ipsilateral RLN. While these unpaired ARs receive dual motor innervation as a whole muscle, every individual fiber is innervated by the unilateral RLN. In the canine VT and TVA, almost 90% of fibers were depleted of glycogen on the belly of the stimulated side, while the reverse was on the nonstimulated side. This finding suggests that most fibers of canine VT and TVA are ipsilaterally and the remaining fibers are contralaterally innervated. About one half of fibers of IAm were unstained and the others were stained. This pattern was similar to that observed in the monkey and the guinea pig. Therefore, IAm receives dual motor innervation from both RLNs as a whole muscle.     

荧光原位杂交技术分析人结肠菌群方法研究

建立荧光原位杂交技术分析人体内结肠菌群的方法。取受试者新鲜粪便 ,选用 5种特异性的 16SrRNA寡核苷酸探针 ,检测粪便样本收集后的保存时间、温度 ,离心条件及样本固定液存放时间对杂交计数结果的影响。结果建立最佳实验条件为 :粪便样本收集后应尽快在 4℃下保存 ,放置时间不要超过 12小时即作处理 ;样本的适宜离心条件为 70 0g 2分钟 ;样本用多聚甲醛固定后在 - 80℃下存放时间不要超过 5个月。该方法具有较好的稳定性 ,可以有效地检出个体之间结肠菌群的差异。