重症急性胰腺炎大鼠血清高迁移率族蛋白-1水平的时相变化及意义

目的 观察重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素19(IL-19)和高迁移率族蛋白-1(HMGBl)水平的时相变化，探讨HMGBl在SAP病程中的意义。方法采用胰管逆行灌注5％牛磺胆酸钠的方法复制大鼠SAP模型。随机分为正常对照组(N组，n=8)、假手术组(Sham组，n=8)和重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP组，n=80)。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组动物血清TNF-α、IL-1β。用Westernblot法检测血清HMGBl水平。结果 SAP组大鼠血清TNF-α和IL-1β在建模后迅速升高，约在4～6h达高峰，之后迅速下降，在建模12h即降至接近正常水平，一直维持至24和48h。SAP组大鼠血清HMGB1水平在建模后12h开始有明显升高，至24和48h仍维持在较高水平。结论 HMGB1可能作为晚期炎症因子参与了SAP的全身炎症反应。     

Effect of HIF-1α on VEGF-C Induced Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Nodes Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer

The effect of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) on vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and the correlation between HIF-1αand lymphangiogenesis and lymph nodes metasta-ses (LNM) in pancreatic cancer were investigated. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-C, and Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was determined by stain of VEGFR-3, collagen type IV in 75 pancreatic head cancers from regional pancre-atectomy (RP) during Dec. 2001 to Dec. 2003. The relationship between HIF-1αand VEGF-C, lymphangiogenesis, LNM was analyzed statistically. The results showed that the positive expression rate of HIF-1αand VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer tissues was 48.00 % (36/75) and 65.33 % (49/75) respectively. In positive group of HIF-1α, the positive rate of VEGF-C and LVD, and LVD rate was 80.56 % (29/36), 13.22±3.76 and 88.89 % (32/36) respectively, and in negative group of HEF-1α, positive rate of VEGF-C and LVD was 51.28 % (20/39), 5.98±2.17 and 66.67 % (26/39) respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). It was suggested that HIF-1αcould promote the expression of VEGF-C, lymphangiogenesis and LNM in pancreatic cancer.     

胰头癌行胰十二指肠切除术并扩大淋巴结清扫的疗效分析

目的 探讨胰头癌行胰十二指肠切除术并扩大淋巴结清扫（ELND） 的手术适应证及临床疗效。方法 总结2010年6月至2011年6月期间华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院胰腺外科收治的因胰头癌行胰十二指肠切除术并扩大淋巴结清扫21例患者的临床资料,其中男15例,女6例;年龄36～57岁,平均47.8岁。结果 21例中属Ⅰ、ⅡA、ⅡB及Ⅲ期者分别为3例（14.3%）、9例（42.9%）、8例（38.1%）和1例（4.8%）。R0切除者 18例（85.7%）,R1切除者3例。切除淋巴结总数为14～43枚,平均为27.4枚;有淋巴结浸润者10例（47.6%）。平均手术时间为6.8 h （5～8.5 h）,术中输血平均为5.6 U （3～8 U）。本组无手术死亡病例。5例（23.8%） 术后发生并发症;胰瘘3例（14.3%）,胆汁漏 1例（4.8%）,腹腔出血1例（4.8%）,消化道出血1例（4.8%）,顽固性腹泻2例（9.5%）。术后病理学检查结果高、中、低分化腺癌分别为6例（28.6%）、10例（47.6%）和5例（23.8%）。21例均获随访,随访时间5～40个月,中位随访时间为19个月;1、2及3年累积生存率分别为66.7%、38.1%和19.0%。结论 对可切除胰头癌选择性实施胰十二指肠切除并扩大淋巴结清扫术,有利于提高根治切除的比例及改善患者预后,但术后并发症发生率较高。     

胰十二指肠损伤的临床特点及术后并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨胰十二指肠损伤的临床特点及术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析47例外伤性胰十二指肠损伤手术病例的临床特点,探讨年龄、术前/术中休克、胰十二指肠联合损伤、确诊时间及ISS、APACHEⅡ评分等因素与术后并发症发生率、死亡率的关系。结果47例病例中,腹部闭合性损伤占76.60%,开放性损伤23.40%,多发伤40.43%。胰腺损伤13例,十二指肠损伤28例,胰十二指肠联合损伤6例。术前确诊率为53.19%,手术诊断率97.87%,确诊时间(7.85±3.17)h。术后并发症发生率和死亡率分别为27.66%和8.51%。并发症组的术前/术中休克发生率、胰十二指肠联合损伤发生率、确诊时间、ISS、APACHEⅡ评分分别为53.85%、38.46%、(9.78±2.16)h、20.92±8.11、10.32±3.16,无并发症组分别为11.76%、2.94%、(6.81±2.35)h、16.47±5.28、7.12±2.74,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05)。死亡组ISS、APACHEⅡ评分值分别为29.17±10.31、14.75±5.37,显著高于无死亡组的16.85±6.73、8.39±3.13(P<0.01)。结论胰十二指肠损伤在病史、实验室及影像学检查方面具有其特点,综合分析有利于迅速明确诊断,休克、胰十二指肠联合损伤、确诊时间及高ISS、APACHEⅡ评分是其术后并发症发生的危险因素。     

Effect of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C on Lymphangiogenesis and Angiogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer

In order to investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) of vascular en-dothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) on lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer, antisense and scamble-sense oligonucleotide of VEGF-C were constructed, and the model of nude mice with orthotopically xenografted human pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1) was established. Thirty nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: PBS control group (group A), scramble-sense con-trol group (group B) and antisense group (group C). All nude mice were treated once every 2 days as 3 times per week, for 3 weeks (oligonucleotide 10 mg/kg every time). After treatments were com-pleted, ELISA method was used to examine the concentration of VEGF-C in plasma and immunohis-tochemical method to examine microvessel density (MVD), lymphtic vessel density (LVD) of pan-creatic cancer. The results showed that the expression of VEGF-C was inhibited significantly in group C. The concentrations were 237.5±41.5, 221.5±52.3 and 108.6±14.9 pg/mL in groups A, B and C re-spectively (P<0.01). LVD in groups A, B and C was 13.8±2.1, 12.4±1.9 and 4.2±1.6 respectively (P<0.01). MVD in groups A, B and C was 27.5±8.7, 25.9±4.2 and 19.4±5.6 respectively with no sig-nificant difference among the groups (P>0.05). It was suggested that VEGF-C ASODN decreased the expression levels of VEGF-C in nude mice with orthotopically xenografted human pancreatic cancer, and it could inhibit lymphangiogenesis, but had no significant effect on angiogenesis.     

改良的保留十二指肠胰头全切除术

目的总结分析我中心近年来对胰头部良性病变实施改良的保留十二指肠胰头全切除术的效果。方法回顾性分析我中心2004年6月至2008年6月实施了改良的保留十二指肠胰头切除术的27例患者的临床资料。对该术式的手术方式,并发症及术后近期生存质量进行评价。结果患者手术死亡0例,术后发生胰瘘2例,十二指肠瘘1例,胆瘘1例,其并发症发生率为14．81％,平均手术时间约4h,术后平均住院日为16d。结论保留十二指肠的胰头切除术通过保留胰十二指肠上动脉后支及其血管弓,仅在十二指肠乳头及胆总管后壁残留少许胰腺组织,手术切除彻底,术后并发症发生率低,手术操作简便,患者术后恢复快,住院时间短。该改良术式可以作为治疗胰头部良性病变的重要术式。     

不同血滤方式对重症急性胰腺炎病人血浆细胞因子的影响

目的　比较单次短时血滤 (SSVVH )和间断短时血滤 (ISVVH )对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病人血浆细胞因子的影响。方法　对符合血滤 (HF)指征的 5 8例SAP病人分别行SSVVH(SS组 )或ISVVH (IS组 )治疗 17、2 1例 ,2 0例未行HF者作对照 (N组 )。观察各时点TNF α、IL 6、IL 8、IL 1ra、IL 2、IL 10的血浆水平 ,以APACHEII评分、液体负平衡出现时间衡量病情变化。结果　HF组的APACHEII评分在入院第 1天即显著下降 ,第 4天起显著低于N组 ,且IS组较SS组更低 ,P均 <0 .0 5 ;HF组血浆TNF α、IL 6水平在入院第 4、10天较N组显著降低 ,且IS组较SS组更低 ,P 均 <0 .0 5 ;入院第 10天 ,HF组IL 2和IL 10的水平及促抗炎因子比值明显高于N组(P <0 .0 5 )。N组、SS组和IS组分别有 1、1、0例中转手术和 3、2、0例死亡 ,出现液体负平衡时间分别为入院 ( 5 .9± 1.8)d、( 3 .5± 2 .1)d和 ( 2 .7± 1.4)d。结论　ISVVH较SSVVH在降低SAP病人血浆TNF α、IL 6、IL 8水平 ,升高IL 2、IL 10水平 ,纠正促抗炎细胞因子失衡方面作用更强 ,这与病情的变化和疗效相吻合。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发腹腔室隔综合征的诊断和治疗

总结重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发腹腔室隔综合征(ACS)的诊治经验。方法结合SAP病史,复苏液体量已足够时,在腹膨胀、腹壁紧张后出现心肺肾功能不全即可诊断ACS,膀胱测压作诊断辅助。诊断确立后及时开腹减压引流,3升静脉营养袋暂时性关腹。结果21例(23例次)。ACS患者中,行开腹减压术18例次,死亡3例(16．7％),未手术5例次,死亡4例(80％),总死亡率33．3％(7／21);7例死亡中,4例合并急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎;诊断ACS5h内手术者无死亡;正规关腹多在开腹减压术后3～5d进行,最迟1例为术后8d;6例迟发性Acs均由腹腔腹膜后感染性坏死引起。结论SAP患者在SIRS和感染期均可发生ACS,并在病理基础上有其特殊性;及时诊断ACS和开腹充分减压,3升静脉营养袋暂时性关腹是治疗ACS的关键。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤26例诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas,SPT)的最佳术式选择.方法 回顾性分析1998年至2008年期间武汉协和医院胰腺外科中心收治26例SPT患者的临床资料.结果 10例患者经B超检查发现胰腺混合回声实性或周边低回声而中央无回声的囊实性病变,13例CT证实胰腺囊实性肿块伴囊内钙化,3例MRI提示肿块呈高低混杂信号且增强后实性部分明显强化,仅5例患者在术前经B超或CT引导下经腹细针穿刺活检而确诊.所有患者均行手术治疗,9例肿瘤局部切除,7例保留十二指肠胰头切除,9例胰体尾和或脾脏切除,1例行胰头十二指肠切除.术后均恢复较好,3例发生术后胰瘘.对所有患者长期随访,仅有1例患者因肿瘤复发再次行手术切除.结论 SPT是一种少见的低度恶性肿瘤,手术切除是其治愈的唯一手段且预后好.B超、CT和MRI等影像学表现具有相对特征性,对其早期诊断极为重要.B超或CT引导下经腹细针穿刺活检对术前确诊和术式选择有重要意义.