谷氨酰胺在肠道的代谢及其对肠粘膜的保护作用

谷氨酰胺是一种十分重要的具有特殊营养作用的条件必需氨基酸。肠道是消耗谷氨酰胺的主要器官。肠粘膜细胞既可利用从肠腔食糜中摄取的谷氨酰胺，也利用从血液中摄取的谷氨酰胺。谷氨酰胺是肠粘膜细胞的主要能源物质，提供氮质参与细胞核酸和蛋白质合成代谢、促进粘膜细胞更新再生。     

谷氨酰胺在肠道的代谢及其对肠粘膜的保护作用

谷氨酰胺是一种十分重要的具有特殊营养作用的条件必需氨基酸。肠道是消耗谷氨酰胺的主要器官。肠粘膜细胞既可利用从肠腔食糜中摄取的谷氨酰胺,也利用从血液中摄取的谷氨酰胺。谷氨酰胺是肠粘膜细胞的主要能源物质,提供氨质参与细胞核酸和蛋白质合成代谢,促进粘膜细胞更新再生。机体谷氨酰胺缺乏,可导致肠粘膜萎缩。在严重创伤、烧伤、感染、恶性肿瘤等病理状态下,补充外源性谷氨酰胺,可维持和恢复肠粘膜的代谢、结构和功能,防止肠道细菌和毒素移位,减轻应激代谢反应。     

早产儿喂养的研究进展

早产儿喂养的研究进展２０００９２上海第二医科大学附属新华医院戴定威综述吴圣楣审校围产医学多方面技术的迅速发展使西方发达国家极低体重儿的生存率明显提高（出生体重＜７５０ｇ存活率达３４％，７５０～１０００ｇ为６６％，１００１～１２５０ｇ为８７％，１２５１...     

人胎小肠上皮细胞体外培养的研究

联合应用粗胶原酶和中性蛋白酶消化胎儿小肠组织小块，可简便、快速地获得大量活率高的小肠上皮细胞（ｉｎｔａｓｔｉｎａｌｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌ，ＩＥＣ）。培养细胞１～２ｄ内贴壁，７～８ｄ明显增殖，１０～１２ｄ汇合成片。免疫组化检查，细胞角质蛋白和上皮细胞膜抗原染色阳性。组化检查显示存在碱性磷酸酶表达。光镜下，培养细胞呈扁平多角形，单层排列。电镜下，细胞表面可见大量微绒毛及细胞间紧密联结、桥粒等。讨论了人ＩＥＣ体外培养应注意的问题及减少、异源细胞增殖的方法。     

谷氨酰胺对缺氧复氧损伤人小肠上皮细胞谷胱甘肽的影响

目的：探讨谷氨酰胺（ＧＬＮ）对缺氧复氧损伤人小肠上皮细胞（ＩＥＣ）内还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的影响。方法：采用原代培养人ＩＥＣ作为实验模型,用荧光法测定体外培养ＩＥＣ内ＧＳＨ和ＭＤＡ含量。结果：正常对照组ＧＳＨ含量最高,在对照组加入ＧＬＮ并不影响ＧＳＨ含量（Ｐ〉０．０５）。缺氧６０ｍｉｎ或９０ｍｉｎ复氧３０ｍｉｎ损伤ＩＥＣ细胞内ＧＳＨ含量均显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,预先     

早产儿和足月儿母乳及牛乳铜铁锌含量测定

Sixty-eight samples of preterm human milk and 39 samples of term human milk were obtained during 4 weeks postpartum from 7 mothers delivering prematurely and 9 mothers giving birth at term. Eleven cow's milk samples were obtained at random from 11 healthy cows. Samples were measured by flame method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Type WYX-402). The three trace elements content of PT and FT milks decreased significantly with duration of lactation, and the content of each mineral was higher during the first week than that measured during the fourth week. PT and FT milk did not differ significantly in the content of the three elements during the first month of lactation. Copper content of PT milk at each week, iron content of PT milk at the first week and zinc content of PT milk during the first two weeks of lactation are higher than those of cow's milk respectively. The intake of copper, iron and zinc of the preterm infant fed his own mother's milk or cow's milk was calculated. Comparison of the intake level of copper and zinc of breastfed and cow's milk-fed preterm infant with the recommended intake level of the two minerals was made. The results show PT milk is superior to cow's milk for copper, iron and zinc; may be helpful for promoting breast feeding and feeding the preterm infant with supplemental trace elements.     

早产儿的喂养

近20年来,NICU的发展,尤其是呼吸管理的改善,全胃肠外营养(TPN)的应用和对早产儿安全而有效的喂养使低体重儿存活率明显上升,体重低于500～600g(孕22～24周)的胎儿出生后也能存活。本文就国外早产儿喂养的文献作一综述。     

早产儿和足月儿母乳及牛乳铜铁锌含量测定

用原子吸收分光光度计火焰法测定产后4周内早产儿母乳、足月儿母乳及牛乳的铜、铁、锌含量。早产儿和足月儿母乳中三种微量元素的含量均随产后周龄延长而降低,二者间无显著性差异。早产儿母乳铜含量、产后第1周铁含量显著高于牛乳。计算出的平均摄入量与推荐量比较,早产儿母乳铜、铁、锌营养价值优于牛乳。     

早产儿母乳主要成分的矿质物动态分析

The content of protein, fat, lactose, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc in preterm human milk was determined from the longitudinal samples during the first 8 weeks of lactation. Changes in content, over time were tested by analysis of variance. Protein, potassium, sodium, copper, iron, zinc content decreased significantly as lactation progressed. Based upon these data, a preterm infant fed 200 ml per kg per day of its own mother's milk would receive an excess of all substrates except calcium, phosphorus and iron over the estimated intrauterine accretion rates. Within 4 weeks the first in the postpartum period, the average intake of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and copper was lower than the recommended intake. Iron intake is not adequate. After 4 weeks, the average intake of protein, sodium and zinc was lower than the recommended intake. The results may offer a basic datum for establishing premature infant feeding and formulation of human milk fortifiers (HMF).     

早产儿母乳主要成分和矿物质动态分析

纵向动态测定产后8周内早产儿母乳蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、钾、钠、钙、磷、镁、铜、铁、锌含量。结果:蛋白质、钾、钠、铜、铁、锌含量随周龄增加而显著下降;平均摄入量除钙、磷、铁明显偏低外,其他成分均超过宫内胎儿增积量;产后4周内,钙、磷、镁、铜平均摄入量低于推荐摄入量;4周后蛋白质、钠、锌平均摄入量低于推荐摄入量。