臂丛神经根性损伤膈神经移位术对青壮年患者早期呼吸功能的影响

目的研究臂丛神经损伤膈神经移位术对青壮年患者早期呼吸功能的影响.方法对16例接受膈神经移位治疗的患者,在术前、术后（10 d）进行肺功能指标的比较,同时定期进行门诊随访,观察呼吸系统自觉症状程度.结果13例术后出现了不同程度的供氧不足症状,16例全部出现一侧膈肌抬高,术后第10天肺活量（VC）、肺活量预计值百分数（VC%）分别比术前减少37.98%和26.88%,两者差异有统计学意义（tvc=11.532、tvc%=0,P＜0.01）.其它项目如残气量（RV）较术前轻度下降,肺总量（TLC）下降值达到术前肺总量的36.49%,残气量/肺总量比值（RV/TLC%）较术前上升了4.75%,上述各指标的差值均有统计学意义.1 s用力呼气量/用力肺活量比值（FEV1/FVC）和术前比基本无改变,但其差值有统计学意义.膈神经移位右侧（10例）与左侧（6例）术前、术后肺活量比较差异有统计学意义.术后随访8个月～2年,所有患者均无明显呼吸困难和胸闷等症状.结论膈神经移位术后对青壮年患者肺容量有较大的丧失,肺通气功能减弱和小气道阻力增加,但其丧失程度在机体自身代偿耐受范围内,不会导致急剧发生的严重呼吸功能障碍.建议对右侧臂丛神经根性损伤的患者,术前进行严格的肺、心功能检查,避免发生较为严重的并发症.     

老年性骨关节炎行人工膝关节置换术后 假体旋转对线的定量分析

目的根据不同解剖标志利用CT扫描定量测量人工膝关节置换术后股骨和胫骨假体的旋转对线。方法 2004年对21位合并膝内翻畸形(35个膝)老年性骨关节炎患者(平均年龄73.3岁,范围:60～81岁)行人工膝关节置换手术,术中采用后稳定型固定平台膝关节假体,以股骨后髁轴外旋截骨确定股骨假体旋转定位,综合参考胫骨平台最大覆盖率和胫骨后髁轴确定胫骨假体旋转定位。术后7年进行随访,内容包括病史采集、物理检查,KSS评分和功能评分,负重位膝关节正侧位X光片、髌骨轴位片以及膝关节CT扫描。在CT扫描图像上,根据股骨内外上髁轴(SEA)测量股骨假体旋转角度,分别根据股骨内外上髁轴和胫骨结节内侧1/3测量胫骨假体旋转角度,并以此测算假体的联合旋转角度和旋转不匹配程度。结果对35个膝关节随访7年结果显示,未出现感染、假体透亮带、髌骨脱位或半脱位、髌骨骨折、假体松动等,KSS临床评分平均91分,功能评分平均83分。股骨假体、胫骨假体旋转角度、联合假体旋转角度均呈正态分布;股骨假体平均旋转角度为(3.02±3.88)°;胫骨假体相对于胫骨结节内侧1/3明显处于内旋位(平均17°),相对于SEA旋转角度平均0°,参考两个标志测量的胫骨假体旋转角度之间有显著差异(P=0.000);相对于SEA确定的假体联合旋转角度平均(2.99±7.90)°,相对于胫骨结节内侧1/3确定的假体联合旋转角度平均(-2.64±8.39)°,参考两个参考标志测定假体联合旋转角度之间有显著差异(P=0.005),股骨和胫骨假体旋转不匹配最大程度在10°度左右。结论与胫骨结节内侧1/3做比较,股骨内外上髁轴(SEA)更适合作为CT定量测量人工膝关节置换术后股骨和胫骨假体旋转对线的标志;胫骨平台最大覆盖率和胫骨后髁轴可以作为胫骨假体旋转定位的参考轴线,但具有较大的个体差异性。     

钢丝环形结扎联合张力带治疗髌骨骨折

目的：通过对此方法的临床应用及与其他治疗方法的比较，证明此种手术是一种更为简单有效的治疗髌骨骨折的方法。方法：对１５例各种类型的髌骨骨折用Ｐｙｒｆｏｒｄ描述的钢丝环扎并通过股四头肌腱和髌韧带的短形或“８”字形钢丝张力带并加以改进，术后不用石膏固定。结果：按照Ｉｎｓａｌ评定标准，优１４例，良１例。结论：此种手术方法简单实用，明显优于其他治疗方法     

喀什地区尘肺流行病学分析

喀什地区尘肺流行病学分析刘玉良，帕拉提，杨秀丽，张振东我们于１９８９年和１９９３年在喀什地区开展了尘肺流行病学调查工作，结果报告如下。一、对象与方法１．登记病种除规定的１２种尘肺外，还包括棉工尘肺、养路工尘肺、锻工尘肺和其它尘肺。２．发病年龄和发病工...     

植入物内固定与保守疗法修复Rockwood Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位的系统评价

BACKGROUND: Although there is a general consensus with regard to the treatment of Rockwood types I, II, IV, V and VI injuries, the treatment of type III injury is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of implant fixation and conservative treatment for Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation. METHODS: Studies were identified from databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biological Medicine, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang Database) up to May 2015. Eligible studies that investigated and compared the effectiveness and/or complications of implant fixation and conservative treatment for Rockwood type III acromioclavicular dislocation and provided sufficient data were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In total, eight studies were included. Implant fixation (n=207) included the Bosworth technique, Clavicle Hook Plate technique, the TightRopeTM system (titanium plate and Arthrex fiber suture), Weaver-Dunn technique (coracoacromial ligament displacement, instead of coracoclavicular ligament fixation), Phemister technique (Kirschner wire fixation) and the use of a poly dioxanone sutures cord. The conservative treatments (n=137) consisted of immobilisation management with a sling, Kenny-Howard brace, or with a sling and clavicle fastening taping tape or a simple brake, or with a sling or tape. There were no significant differences in the Constant score (P=0.90) and infection rate (P=0.07) between the two groups. The rate of satisfaction with aesthetic outcomes was higher in the implant fixation group (P < 0.000 01), although the incidence of coracoclavicular ligament calcification was also higher (P=0.03) in this group. The time to resumption of normal work and normal activities was shorter after conservative treatment than that after implant fixation treatment. However, implant fixation could return to the game faster. These results indicate that both implant fixation and conservative treatments can result in satisfactory levels of shoulder function; however, the rehabilitation time was shorter after conservative treatment. Although implant fixation results in superior aesthetics, the risk of coracoclavicular ligament calcification is higher than that with conservative treatment. Time to resumption of normal work and normal activities was shorter after conservative treatment.       

伴生长激素缺乏的18号环状染色体综合征1例

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