2015-2019年河南省输入性疟疾病例诊断分析

目的　分析2015-2019年河南省输入性疟疾病例诊断情况,为开展消除疟疾后监测工作提供依据。方法　通过中国疾病预防控制中心传染病监测信息系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统,收集2015-2019年河南省疟疾病例信息,对其诊断方式、诊断机构、诊断时间进行统计分析。结果　2015-2019年河南省共报告输入性疟疾病例952例,所有病例均为实验室确诊病例。疟疾快速诊断试纸条（RDT）阳性检出率为98.61%（779/790）,高于镜检检出率（94.22%,897/952）,差异有统计学意义（[χ2] = 22.773,P＜0.05）。输入性疟疾病例在医疗机构诊断的比例由2015年的65.22%（120/184）升至2019年的81.50%（185/227）。238例在疾病预防控制（疾控）机构诊断的输入性疟疾病例中,71.01%（169/238）在县级疾控机构诊断;704例在医疗机构诊断的输入性疟疾病例中,仅8.38%（59/704）在县级医疗机构诊断。输入性疟疾病例从发病到确诊中位时间为3 d,其中从发病到初诊中位时间为1 d,各年从初诊到确诊时间差异有统计学意义（[χ2] = 24.956,P ＜ 0.05）,其四分位数间距由2016年的4 d缩短为2019年的2 d。输入性重症恶性疟病例从初诊到确诊中位时间（2 d）长于非重症病例（1 d）,差异有统计学意义（Z = 7.557,P ＜ 0.05）。结论　医疗机构在河南省输入性疟疾病例发现和监测中的作用越来越重要,但县级医疗机构诊断水平仍较低;应提高其诊断意识和能力,从而在消除疟疾后监测工作中发挥哨点医院作用。     

Unit-length, single-stranded circular DNAs of both polarity of begomoviruses are generated in Escherichia coli harboring phage M13-cloned begomovirus genome with single copy of replication origin

Replication of genomic DNAs of plant-pathogenic begomoviruses has been demonstrated in prokaryotes, which supported the possibility of analyzing DNA replication process of begomoviruses in bacteria. However, previous studies indicated that the replication of begomovirus DNAs in prokaryotes requires tandem constructs of viral genomes with at least two copies of the origin of replication (ori). In this study, phage M13 vector harboring the unit-length genome with only a single copy of ori of a mono-partite begomovirus, Ageratum yellow vein virus PD isolate (AYVV-[PD]), was constructed and used to investigate the replication of AYVV-[PD] DNAs in Escherichia coli. The generation of single-stranded, circular DNAs (sscDNAs) corresponding to the unit-length AYVV-[PD] genome of both polarity was observed and verified. Replication-associated (Rep) protein of AYVV-[PD] was detected only in bacteria generating the corresponding sscDNAs, whereas disruption of the Rep gene abolished the phenomenon. The results suggested that a single copy of ori is sufficient for the prokaryotes to support the generation of unit-length, genomic sscDNAs of begomoviruses, which requires the presence of functional Rep protein.     

Functional determinants of NS2B for activation of Japanese encephalitis virus NS3 protease

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causing severe central nerve system diseases without specific treatments. The NS2B-NS3 protease of flaviviruses mediates several cleavages on the flavivirus polyprotein, being believed to be a target for antiviral therapy. NS2B is the cofactor of the viral serine protease, correlating with stabilization and substrate recognition of the NS3 protease. In this study, we investigate the functional determinants in the JEV NS2B for the activation of the NS3 protease. Cis- and trans-cleavage assays of the deletions at the N-terminal of NS2B demonstrated that the NS2B residues Ser(46) to Ile(60) were the essential region required for both cis and trans activity of the NS3 protease. In addition, alanine substitution at the residues Trp53, Glu55, and Arg56 in NS2B significantly reduced the cis- and trans-cleavage activities of the NS3 protease. Sequence alignment and modeled structures suggested that functional determinants at the JEV NS2B residues Ser46 to Ile60, particularly in Trp53, Glu55 and Arg56 could play an important configuration required for the activity of the flavivirus NS3 protease. Our results might be useful for development of inhibitors that block the interaction between NS2B and NS3.     

丙戊酸镁缓释片与碳酸锂对躁狂发作的疗效及生存质量的对照研究

目的比较丙戊酸镁缓释片与碳酸锂治疗对躁狂发作患者的疗效及对生存质量的影响。方法采用入院顺序分层随机法,将120例躁狂发作患者平均分为研究组(丙戊酸镁)和对照组(碳酸锂),在治疗前,治疗后1、3、6、12月末分别用Bech-Rafaelsen躁狂量表(BRMS)和临床疗效总评量表(CGI)及不良反应表(TESS)评定疗效和副作用,用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估患者的生存质量,分析量表中各领域的计分。结果两组BRMS总分在治疗后与治疗前比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),及各因子分比治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),研究组有效率96.7%,显效率70%;对照组有效率93.3%,显效率66.7%。两组间疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05),研究组副作用比对照组少。经12个月治疗,研究组与对照组两组生存质量各分指标均较治疗前有显著改善(P<0.01),在心理领域、社会关系和环境领域三方面,丙戊酸镁优于碳酸锂(P<0.01)。结论丙戊酸镁缓释片和碳酸锂对治疗躁狂发作均有效。丙戊酸镁缓释片由于副作用小,对生存质量的改善更彻底,而优于碳酸锂。     

Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase G9a Attenuates Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy and Hearing Loss

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - Posttranslational modification of histones alters their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins, influencing gene expression and cell...     

5785例白内障术前结膜囊细菌培养结果分析

目的分析近年来我院白内障手术前结膜囊细菌的构成和对药物的敏感性。方法对5785眼白内障手术前结膜囊细菌培养结果和药物敏感实验结果进行分析。结果白内障手术前结膜囊细菌培养的阳性率为2.61%,主要是革兰氏阳性球菌,占99.32%。以表皮葡萄球菌（66.67%）和微球菌（24.49%）为主。92.2%的结膜囊革兰氏阳性球菌对红霉素和青霉素耐药;大多数菌株对妥布霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星和庆大霉素敏感;对妥布霉素和环丙沙星耐药有上升趋势。结论白内障手术前结膜囊细菌主要由表皮葡萄球菌构成,对红霉素和青霉素耐药;大多数菌株对妥布霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星和庆大霉素敏感;对妥布霉素和环丙沙星耐药性有上升趋势。     

金银花抗豚鼠巨细胞病毒的体外实验研究

目的研究中药金银花体外抗豚鼠巨细胞病毒的效果。方法用细胞病变法和MTT法检测金叶败毒及金银花的最大无毒浓度和最小有效浓度,计算其治疗指数。结果金银花和金叶败毒的最大无毒浓度均为3×10-3mg/ml,金银花和金叶败毒的最小有效浓度分别为3×10-4mg/ml和3×10-5mg/ml,治疗指数分别为100和10。结论金银花具有体外抗豚鼠巨细胞病毒的作用,但抗病毒作用低于金叶败毒。     

PV1—PE值对不同部位房室旁束所致室上速的诊断意义

本文通过食管心房起搏与心内电生理对照研究６６例正向型房室折返性心动过速（ＯＡＶＲＴ）和慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）的ＰＶ１－ＰＥ时距。结果显示在绝大部分病例中，左侧不同部位游离壁旁束参与的ＯＡＶＲＴ，ＰＥ明显领先于ＰＶ１；右侧不同部位游离壁旁束参与的ＯＡＶＲＴ，ＰＶ１明显领先于ＰＥ；慢－快型ＡＶＮＲＴ时ＰＥ和ＰＶ１几乎同时出现；而当左侧旁束位于左前侧壁，右侧旁束位于右后侧壁，并伴有心房增大时，可不符合上述规律。ＰＶ１－ＰＥ绝对值２５ｍｓ可作为鉴别ＯＡＶＲＴ与ＡＶＮＲＴ的定量指标。     

Mercury-Induced Membranous Nephropathy: Clinical and Pathological Features

Background and objectives: Long-term contact with mercury may induce membranous nephropathy (MN); however, the clinical pathologic features and pathogenesis of mercury-induced MN have not been investigated.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: The present study retrospectively evaluated 11 cases of mercury-induced MN to analyze its causes and its clinical and pathologic features.Results: A total of 10 women and 1 man ages 15 to 45 years were enrolled in the present study. Mercury exposure was caused by mercury-containing pills (five patients), skin lightening cream (four patients), hair-dyeing agents (one patient), and mercury vapor (one patient). The duration of contact with mercury ranged from 2 to 60 months, and the urinary mercury concentrations were 1.5 to 50 times higher than reference values. All patients presented with proteinuria and normal renal function; three had nephrotic syndrome. Light microscopy revealed thickened glomerular basement membrane and mildly proliferative mesangial cells. Acute tubulointerstitial injury occurred in three patients. The immunofluorescence findings showed granular deposits of IgG and C3 along the glomerular capillary wall, mostly accompanied by deposits of C4 and C1q. IgG1 and IgG4 (predominantly IgG1) deposits were observed along the glomerular capillary loops. Nine patients reached complete remission in follow-up after withdrawal from mercury exposure.Conclusions: Deposits of IgG1 subclasses in renal tissues indicated that the pathogenesis of mercury-induced MN differs from that of idiopathic MN. It is important that clinicians are aware that mercury exposure should be considered a possible cause of membranous nephropathy.Membranous nephropathy (MN), a disease characterized by an accumulation of immune deposits on the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane, is the common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults (1). MN may be classified as an idiopathic type and a secondary type associated with other clinical conditions or diseases, which include infections, autoimmune diseases, toxin or drugs, cancer, etc. (2).Mercury-containing compounds have historically been used in dental amalgams, Chinese traditional medicines, and skin-lightening creams. Mercury can be absorbed into the human body by inhalation, ingestion, or intact skin. It has toxicities for kidneys, nerves, and gastrointestinal tracts. Some literature reported that exposure to mercury caused acute and chronic renal lesions (3). Long-term use of mercury-containing skin lightening cosmetics or occupational contact with mercury caused MN in sporadic cases (4–6). This study evaluated 11 cases of MN diagnosed by renal biopsy that were associated with chronic mercury exposure, to analyze its clinical and pathologic features, as well as the relationship between them to investigate the pathogenesis for better understanding of the mercury-induced MN.