全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2341篇 |
免费 | 93篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 27篇 |
儿科学 | 24篇 |
妇产科学 | 32篇 |
基础医学 | 341篇 |
口腔科学 | 193篇 |
临床医学 | 150篇 |
内科学 | 482篇 |
皮肤病学 | 19篇 |
神经病学 | 149篇 |
特种医学 | 86篇 |
外科学 | 435篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 134篇 |
眼科学 | 73篇 |
药学 | 92篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 174篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 94篇 |
2011年 | 97篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 103篇 |
2007年 | 118篇 |
2006年 | 119篇 |
2005年 | 109篇 |
2004年 | 105篇 |
2003年 | 98篇 |
2002年 | 103篇 |
2001年 | 77篇 |
2000年 | 100篇 |
1999年 | 101篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 45篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 51篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 49篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
1972年 | 18篇 |
1971年 | 19篇 |
1969年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有2447条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Nobuaki Yanagisawa Shinichi Abe Hiroko Agematsu Koji Sakiyama Akinobu Usami Yuichi Tamatsu Yoshinobu Ide 《Annals of anatomy》2006,188(4):329-336
To elucidate the effects of teeth on muscle fibers in the tongue during the developmental process, we examined the expression of muscle contractile proteins and the genes for those proteins in normal mice and microphthalmic (mi/mi) mice with impaired tooth eruption. The mice were observed during the growth period, including weaning, which is when feeding movements undergo major changes. Expression of the myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-2a protein, whose contraction speed is relatively slow, disappeared after weaning in normal mice, while it remained in high concentrations even after weaning in mi/mi mice. The presence of MyHC-2a after weaning in mice with no tooth eruption was attributed to a compensation for lack of proper masticatory function and sucking-like movements, as MyHC-2a is necessary for these movements. 相似文献
2.
F. Ide K. Obara K. Enatsu K. Mishima I. Saito 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2005,34(3):187-189
Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SMEC) with eosinophilia is a rare but distinctive tumor usually affecting the thyroid. SMEC involvement of salivary gland is exceptional, with only six cases in the literature. We present here the first case of an intermediate-grade SMEC, arising from the intraoral minor salivary glands. A particularly interesting finding is the cytoplasmic accumulation of eosinophilic hyaline granules in carcinoma cells, similar to aberrant zymogen-like granules previously described in salivary sclerosing polycystic adenosis. 相似文献
3.
Masafumi Fujimoto Tuneaki Sakata Yuji Tsuruta Shoji Iwagami Hiroshi Teraoka Shin-ichi Mihara Yonetaka Fukiishi Misao Ide 《Biochemical pharmacology》1990,40(12):2661-2670
Bradykinin-stimulated prostacyclin synthesis in porcine aortic endothelial cells was enhanced by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin or islet-activating protein (IAP) for 5 hr or longer. Although ADP-ribosylation of a protein with a molecular weight of 41–42 kD in the cell membranes was completed by 3 hr after the addition of IAP into the incubation medium, there was good correlation between enhancement of bradykinin-induced prostacyclin synthesis and ADP-ribosylation of the IAP substrate over a wide range of IAP concentrations. Furthermore, even if IAP was removed from the incubation medium at 3 hr, bradykinin-induced prostaglandin synthesis at 24 hr was still potentiated. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D enhanced bradykinin-induced prostacyclin synthesis and apparently blocked the effect of IAP. Since this result suggested the involvement of an inhibitor protein(s) of prostacyclin synthesis in the IAP effect, we studied the effect of IAP on the level of lipocortin I which is known to inhibit phospholipase A2. Western and Northern blot analyses revealed that IAP decreased the amounts of protein and mRNA of lipocortin I. These results suggest that the enhancement of bradykinin-induced prostacyclin synthesis by IAP is associated with a decrease in the level of lipocortin I. 相似文献
4.
5.
Mats Bergstrom Azita Monazzam Pasha Razifar Susan Ide Raymond Josephsson Bengt Langstrom 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2008,49(7):1204-1210
For a PET agent to be successful as a biomarker in early clinical trials of new anticancer agents, some conditions need to be fulfilled: the selected tracer should show a response that is related to the antitumoral effects, the quantitative value of this response should be interpretable to the antitumoral action, and the timing of the PET scan should be optimized to action of the drug. These conditions are not necessarily known at the start of a drug-development program and need to be explored. We proposed a translational imaging activity in which experiments in spheroids and later in xenografts are coupled to modeling of growth inhibition and to the related changes in the kinetics of PET tracers and other biomarkers. In addition, we demonstrated how this information can be used for planning clinical trials. METHODS: The first part of this concept is illustrated in a spheroid model with BT474 breast cancer cells treated with the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor NVP-AUY922. The growth-inhibitory effect after a pulse treatment with the drug was measured with digital image analysis to determine effects on volume with high accuracy. The growth-inhibitory effect was described mathematically by a combined E(max) and time course model fitted to the data. The model was then used to simulate a once-per-week treatment; in these experiments the uptake of the PET tracers (18)F-FDG and 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT) was determined at different doses and different time points. RESULTS: A drug exposure of 2 h followed by washout of the drug from the culture medium generated growth inhibition that was maximal at the earliest time point of 1 d and decreased exponentially with time during 10-12 d. The uptake of (18)F-FDG per viable tumor volume was minimally affected by the treatment, whereas the (18)F-FLT uptake decreased in correlation with the growth inhibition. CONCLUSION: The study suggests a prolonged action of the Hsp90 inhibitor that supports a once-per-week schedule. (18)F-FLT is a suitable tracer for the monitoring of effect, and the (18)F-FLT PET study might be performed within 3 d after dosing. 相似文献
6.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) has shown to be of extensive diversity in its clinical and histopathological features, as well as in its biological behavior. In this report, a rare case is described of ameloblastoma ex COC (dentinogenic ghost cell tumor) and the relevant literature is briefly reviewed. 相似文献
7.
A Miki E Fujimoto A Mizoguchi M Arakawa C Ide 《Archives of histology and cytology》1992,55(4):407-414
Traumatic degeneration of myelinated fibers was studied by electron microscopy over 5 days following transection of mouse sciatic nerve. Special attention was paid to the mechanism which separates the degenerating part, while preserving the viable part of the axon. Immediately after transection, the opened end of the proximal stump revealed extensive subcellular changes including the disorganization of neurofilaments, and disruption of mitochondria and axonal endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Subsequently, vesicles of round and tubular profiles filled up the whole area of the stump end, and proximal to it appeared a neurofilament-predominant area characterized by randomly oriented neurofilaments and normally appearing mitochondria and SER. Characteristic membranous demarcations occurred in early periods at the border between the vesicle accumulation and the neurofilament-predominant areas, and later also within these areas. The demarcation membranes formed both by invagination of the surface plasma membrane and, probably, by fusion of the large vesicles. These became prominent with time, dividing the axoplasm into compartments of varying sizes, which gradually underwent degeneration and were liberated from the parent axon. Occurrence of autophagic vacuoles was characteristic of the degenerating portions of the parent axon. Thus, by the function of demarcation membranes, the parent axon to be preserved could remain membrane-bound, while the degenerating parts were shed off. 相似文献
8.
Coats'-type retinitis pigmentosa 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Coats'-like changes (i.e., retinal telangiectasia and/or exudative detachment) have been reported in as many as 1.2 to 3.6 percent of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. In severe cases this disorder may progress to total retinal detachment and visual loss in the context of longstanding retinitis pigmentosa. Forty-six cases of Coats'-type retinitis pigmentosa gathered from the literature are reviewed. Historical and epidemiological features, hereditary factors, clinical features, histopathological findings, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and possible treatment are discussed. 相似文献
9.
The effect of sevoflurane on diaphragmatic contractility was investigated in 12 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs with the thorax opened. Animals were divided into two groups of six each: the sevoflurane and time control groups. We assessed contractility by the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerve at frequencies of 0.5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz under quasiisometric conditions. The integrated electrical activity (Edi) of the crural and costal parts of the diaphragm (Edi cru, Edi cost) was also measured. In the sevoflurane group, diaphragmatic contractility was determined during three levels of anesthesia, specifically 0, 1.0, and 1.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC). Measurements were made at the start of the stimulation (initial) and at the end of the 2-s period (2-s). Increasing the depth of sevoflurane anesthesia did not cause any significant differences in Pdi and Edi at 0.5-, 10-, and 20-Hz stimulation. By contrast, at 50- and 100-Hz stimulation, initial Pdi during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane exposure decreased significantly compared with the 0 MAC value (P less than 0.05). In addition, there was a statistical difference in 2-s Pdi between 1.0 and 1.5 MAC at 100-Hz stimulation (P less than 0.05). The Edi cru showed similar changes in Pdi at both measurements, whereas there was no remarkable change in Edi cost. There was no significant change either in Pdi or in Edi with respect to time in the time control group. We conclude from these results that sevoflurane impairs diaphragmatic contractility through its inhibitory effect on neuromuscular transmission, predominantly of the crural part. 相似文献
10.
F. Ide K. Mishima H. Yamada I. Saito A. Tanaka K. Kusama 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2007,36(8):505-510
BACKGROUND: Nevic corpuscle (NC), a stacked lamellar structure reminiscent of Meissner corpuscle, is frequently observed in dermal melanocytic nevi. Although the heading 'neurotized' is classically used for these nevi, the exact neural nature of NC has been a topic of considerable debate. Neurotized nevi have received little attention in the dental literature, and there was no information on NC in oral melanocytic nevi. METHODS: Six cases of oral intramucosal nevi with a significant number of NC (two completely and four partially neurotized nevi) were examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. RESULTS: NC was composed of closely piled laminar cells devoid of visible melanin. NC and associated spindle nevus cells were immunopositive for S-100 protein but negative for HMB-45, myelin basic protein and epithelial membrane antigen. Within NC, no reactivity for neurofilament protein, protein gene product 9.5 or peripherin was evident. Numerous CD34-positive dendritic cells were located between nevus cells and often encircled NC. Ultrastructurally, NC consisted of concentrically layered elongated cells with a slender lamellated cytoplasm rich in thin filaments and pinocytotic vesicles. Their cytoplasmic processes were focally covered by external basal lamina and continuous to spindle nevus cells. Occasional NC cells contained a few melanosomes. There was no interposed axon in NC. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the close resemblance to Meissner corpuscle, NC showed no axonal supply. NC cells lacked terminal Schwannian differentiation and appeared to be modified melanocytes with some perineurial ultrastructural characteristics. The presence of CD34-positive cells, presumably corresponding to endoneurial fibroblasts, further supports an organizational relationship of NC and peripheral nerve sheath elements. 相似文献