Is low or high body mass index in patients operated for oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with the perioperative complication rate?

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of body mass index (BMI), both low and high values, on the perioperative complication rate in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The medical records of 259 patients operated between 2014 and 2017 for OSCC were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Sixty of the 259 patients developed 87 complications. Low or high BMI was not associated with the perioperative complication rate. A longer operating time and increased blood loss were associated with a higher perioperative complication rate and higher Clavien–Dindo grade. Low BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists score 2 and 3, a longer operating time, and increased blood loss were associated with a longer hospital stay. Low BMI was associated with a longer hospital stay. Neither low nor high BMI was associated with the perioperative complication rate. A longer operating time and increased blood loss were associated with a higher perioperative complication rate and higher Clavien–Dindo grade.     

Hydration and Cognitive Function in Children

Adequate fluid intake is critical for survival. While adults are at liberty to drink fluids as wanted, children and infants are dependent upon caregivers for food and fluid. Children are at greater risk for dehydration than adults due to their higher surface-to-mass ratio. Additionally, children have different thirst sensitivities and body cooling mechanisms than adults. Children differ from adults in total body water content, and boys and girls differ in body water content with maturation. Research in young adults shows that mild dehydration corresponding to only 1% to 2% of body weight loss can lead to significant impairment in cognitive function. Dehydration in infants is associated with confusion, irritability, and lethargy; in children, it may produce decrements in cognitive performance.     

钝性肝脾肾损伤的CT平扫与增强扫描比较

目的:比较CT平扫与增强扫描对肝脾肾钝性损伤的诊断能力。方法:回顾性分析临床疑似钝性肝脾肾损伤,并经手术和临床观察证实的CT平扫和增强扫描的患者84例。结果:平扫确定的损伤:肝12例,脾25例,肾5例;平扫可疑损伤:肝22例,脾15例,肾5例。增强确定的损伤:肝32例,脾40例,肾12例(全肾梗塞1例,局限性梗塞3例);对比剂外溢(活动性出血)3例;无可疑损伤。平扫无异常而增强确定有损伤:肝10例,脾5例,肾2例。增强显示的损伤灶比平扫范围明显大、病灶多、界限清楚。结论:CT增强扫描显示肝脾肾损伤明显优于平扫,延时扫描有助于发现活动性出血,应常规增强扫描。     

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma with Ocular Involvement

Abstract:   Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign histiocytic skin disorder encountered primarily in infancy and childhood. Approximately 0.4% of cases exhibit ocular manifestations, which can result in glaucoma and blindness. We present a case of a 7-month-old male with unilateral glaucoma associated with Juvenile xanthogranuloma, and emphasize the importance of an ocular screening in patients with Juvenile xanthogranuloma, especially those with periocular lesions.     

5-羟色胺受体激动剂对脊髓损伤猫排尿功能的影响

目的探讨5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体激动剂对猫脊髓损伤后膀胱过度活动的影响。方法雌性猫18只,其中正常假手术组5只,脊髓损伤组13只。术后6~8周,氯醛糖麻醉下,在猫颈动脉及膀胱内置管,连接压力感受器,记录诱发膀胱收缩的膀胱容量阈值、膀胱容量、剩余尿量、排尿量和血压。静脉注入5-HT1A受体激动剂8-OH-DPAT(0.3~30μg/kg)或5-HT1B/1D受体激动剂GR-46611(0.03~300μg/kg),得到剂量-效应曲线后再给予5HT1A受体抑制剂WAY-100635(300μg/kg),比较给药前后各项指标变化。结果正常猫使用8-OH-DPAT后,膀胱容量阈值、膀胱容量、剩尿量均有增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义;8-OH-DPAT和GR-46611均能使脊髓损伤猫的膀胱容量阈值、膀胱容量、剩余尿量增加,且效应随着剂量增加而增加,差异有统计学意义。WAY-100635能抵消8-OH-DPAT的作用,但对GR-46611无影响。结论5-HT1A和5-HT1B/1D受体激动剂能改善慢性脊髓损伤后的膀胱过度活动,增加膀胱容量。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影与DSA的对照研究

目的:通过和冠脉造影对比,评价64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠状动脉狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法:28例患者同时行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和有创性冠脉造影检查,依据AHA17段分段法,评价所有有效节段,并将两者进行对比。结果:冠脉造影显示阴性病例占7.1%(2例),单只病变占21.4%(6例),多支病变占71.4%(20例)。按节段分析,CT检出冠脉狭窄的敏感度,特异度,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.1%,94.6%,90.0和95.3%。结论:64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和传统的冠脉造影检查对检出正常冠脉节段以及狭窄节段具有很好的一致性。     

Role of five platelet membrane glycoprotein polymorphisms in branch retinal vein occlusion.

To determine whether polymorphisms of platelet surface glycoprotein associated with arterial thrombosis are risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion. A case-control study in which 69 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion and 147 controls who attended the eye clinic for nonvascular complications participated. DNA was extracted from whole blood and analyzed for genotyping of platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms by polymerase chain reactions and specific restricted enzymes. No relationship was found between the four platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms i.e. GPIa C807T, VNTR and Kozak of glycoprotein Ibalpha, the HPA-1 of glycoprotein IIIa and the occurrence of branch retinal vein occlusion. The HPA-2 polymorphism was found in 18 out 60 (30%) patients with branch retinal vein occlusion in comparison with 27 out 142 (19%) of controls, with an estimated odds ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.91-3.65). The four platelet glycoprotein polymorphisms are not risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion and therefore it seems unnecessary to screen those patients for it. A larger study is required, however, to determine whether HPA-2 is a novel risk factor for branch retinal vein occlusion.     

Effect of short-term erythropoietin therapy in anemic premature infants.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a 10-day subcutaneous erythropoietin (rHuEpo) course of 300 units per kg per dose plus oral iron compared to oral iron alone in anemic infants during their convalescent phase of illness. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial performed at a 40-bed, teaching, referral, level III, neonatal intensive care unit. Infants with a gestational age at birth of less than 32 weeks, hematocrit of less than or equal to 28% with a corrected reticulocyte count of less than or equal to 5%, postconceptual age of less than 48 weeks or 5 months chronological age, and a diagnosis of anemia of prematurity were considered for inclusion. Major outcome parameters included hematocrit, corrected reticulocyte count and red cell transfusion requirements. RESULTS: A total of 60 infants were enrolled (n=30 per group). Infants randomized to rHuEpo had a significantly higher post-treatment hematocrit and corrected reticulocyte count than infants in the iron only group (p<0.001). There was a trend towards fewer red cell requirements in the rHuEpo group. CONCLUSIONS: The rHuEpo regimen studied here was associated with an acute improvement in hematocrit and corrected reticulocyte counts. This study did not demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in transfusion therapy, in part related to increased subsequent use of rHuEpo in the control group. Taken together, these data demonstrate that this regimen can effectively treat anemia in convalescent premature infants.