全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1950篇 |
免费 | 210篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 65篇 |
儿科学 | 52篇 |
妇产科学 | 76篇 |
基础医学 | 117篇 |
口腔科学 | 36篇 |
临床医学 | 272篇 |
内科学 | 388篇 |
皮肤病学 | 65篇 |
神经病学 | 63篇 |
特种医学 | 157篇 |
外科学 | 516篇 |
综合类 | 57篇 |
现状与发展 | 20篇 |
预防医学 | 92篇 |
眼科学 | 30篇 |
药学 | 69篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 99篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 42篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 61篇 |
2017年 | 51篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 70篇 |
2013年 | 88篇 |
2012年 | 71篇 |
2011年 | 87篇 |
2010年 | 80篇 |
2009年 | 94篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 74篇 |
2006年 | 65篇 |
2005年 | 66篇 |
2004年 | 62篇 |
2003年 | 62篇 |
2002年 | 75篇 |
2001年 | 88篇 |
2000年 | 71篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有2179条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Dr. H. Ptok R. Steinert F. Meyer K.-P. Kröll C. Scheele F. Köckerling I. Gastinger H. Lippert 《Der Chirurg》2006,77(8):709-717
BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer shows morbidity and oncological safety comparable to the open approach, but morbidity increases after conversion to open resection. No oncological long-term results are available for the latter patients. METHODS: From 01/01/2000-31/12/2002, patients with curatively resected rectal cancer enrolled in a observational study were evaluated for morbidity, mortality, tumor- and local recurrence rate, paying attention to patients with conversion from laparoscopic to open resection. RESULTS: 237 (3.3%) of 7,189 patients underwent laparoscopic resection (ITT). These patients showed significantly more T1/2 tumors (P<0.001) in earlier UICC stages (P<0.001) than open resected patients. 35 (14.8%) of 237 laparoscopic procedures were converted. Compared with patients receiving complete laparoscopic or open resection, these patients showed significantly higher frequencies of intraoperative (P<0.001) and general postoperative complications (P=0.003) as well as the highest overall morbidity (P=0.031). After a median follow-up of 30.1 months, the highest 5-year local recurrence rate was found in the converted group (16.0%). The laparoscopically resected patients showed a local recurrence rate of 3.3%, patients with open resection of 12.4% (P=0.082). The disease-free survival rate did not differ between the groups (P=0.585). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer provides oncological results similar to open resection. After conversion, the short and oncological long-term outcomes were worse. Considering a conversion rate of 15%, only a strict indication for the laparoscopic approach can be allowed, and laparoscopic resection should be performed at centers. 相似文献
3.
V Aerra M Kuduvalli AN Moloto AK Srinivasan AD Grayson BM Fabri AY Oo 《Journal of cardiothoracic surgery》2006,1(1):6-5
Background
Atrial fibrillation can occur in up to 40% of patients undergoing coronary surgery. 相似文献4.
Paul Wexberg MD BM Richard Pacher MD Suzanne Rdler MD Katharina Kiss MD Gilbert Beran MD Michael Grimm MD Gerald Maurer MD Dietmar Glogar MD FESC 《The Journal of heart and lung transplantation》2002,21(12):583-1263
BACKGROUND: Endothelin, a peptide with strong vasoconstrictive and mitogenic properties, has been found to increase after cardiac transplantation. We therefore assessed the association between its precursor peptide, big endothelin-1, and intimal hyperplasia and coronary flow reserve after heart transplantation. METHODS: Thirty-five patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease after heart transplantation were investigated: Average peak flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was assessed by intracoronary Doppler at baseline as well as after injection of adenosine; coronary flow reserve was calculated as a ratio of both and was corrected for patient age and baseline average peak flow velocity. Lumen, intima + media and total vessel area were measured by intracoronary ultrasound. The plasma concentration of big endothelin-1 in venous blood was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Patients with elevated big endothelin-1 levels (>2 fmol/ml) tended to have a decreased corrected coronary flow reserve (2.60 +/- 0.9 vs 3.21 +/- 1.0, p = 0.078). They also had a significantly larger intima + media area (5.82 +/- 2.9 vs 2.37 +/- 2.9 mm(2), p = 0.004) and total vessel area (18.36 +/- 5.8 vs 12.81 +/- 4.8 mm(2), p = 0.012) than those with normal plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests an association between elevated big endothelin-1 plasma levels and the development of intimal hyperplasia and reduction of coronary flow reserve after cardiac transplantation. 相似文献
5.
Frank Marusch Andreas Koch Uwe Schmidt Hubertus Wenisch Michael Ernst Thomas Manger Stefanie Wolff Matthias Pross Jörg Tautenhahn Ingo Gastinger Hans Lippert 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2002,387(2):94-100
BACKGROUND: The problems associated with rectal surgery are frequently discussed with no reference being made to the distance of the tumor from the anal verge. This study examined the effect of the location of the tumor on early postoperative results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter study involving 75 German hospitals and 3756 patients, of whom 1463 had rectal carcinoma. On the basis of the location of the tumor (distance from the anal verge), four groups were distinguished: <4, 4-7.9, 8-11.9, and 12-16 cm. RESULTS: Resection and abdominoperineal resection rates and the incidence of postoperative complications depended on the location of the tumor. Significantly higher resection rates and fewer specific complications, and a significant reduction in overall postoperative morbidity were found with tumor locations more than 8 cm from the anal verge. The highest anastomotic leak rate was observed with anastomoses less than 7 cm from the anal verge. The logistic regression showed that the distance of the tumor from the anal verge is an independent variable for the development of an anastomotic leak. CONCLUSIONS: Early results are greatly affected by the location of the rectal carcinoma. This applies to both abdominoperineal resection rates and specific postoperative complications, such as anastomotic leak rate and operation morbidity in general. 相似文献
6.
7.
Y Kim E Goldstein W Lippert T Brofeldt R Donovan 《Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries》1989,15(2):93-97
Chemotaxis, chemokinesis and cellular orientation were measured for unstimulated and 10(-7) n-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (F-met-leu-phe) stimulated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNS) of nine patients with recent 10-80 per cent burns using a computer-assisted image analysis technique. The technique records PMN movement, as viewed with a phase-contrast microscope on videotapes, and then uses computer programs to calculate the speed and direction of up to 50 PMNS over a 5-min period. Orientation was determined visually. Cellular adherence was also measured by attachment methods. PMNS from burn patients were slower (av. speed 16.8 microns/min), responded less well to F-met-leu-phe (av. speed 20.9 microns/min, av. McCutcheon index 0.32), were less often oriented towards the chemoattractant (av. 39 per cent) and were more adherent (av. 50 per cent) than control cells (av. speed 21.8 microns/min; av. speed F-met-leu-phe 32.2 microns/min; McCutcheon index 0.61; oriented 59 per cent adherent; 16 per cent). Thus PMNS from burn patients orient less well, are significantly slower and have less directionality in response to a chemoattractant, and are more adherent suggesting activation. 相似文献
8.
Dr. iur. Hans-Dieter Lippert 《MedR Medizinrecht》2003,21(8):451-453
Ohne Zusammenfassung
相似文献
相似文献
9.
A randomized controlled trial of sedation in the critically ill 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LYNN PARKINSON RSCN JULIE HUGHES RSCN REA GILL MSc IMOGEN BILLINGHAM BM FRCA JANE RATCLIFFE MB ChB FRCP & IMTI CHOONARA MD MRCP 《Paediatric anaesthesia》1997,7(5):405-510
A randomized controlled trial comparing: a) a combination of oral chloral hydrate and promethazine to b) a continuous intravenous midazolam infusion, for maintenance sedation in critically ill children, was carried out. The level of sedation was assessed four hourly using a specifically devized sedation scale. Forty-four children entered the study of whom two were subsequently excluded. The number of satisfactory assessments (desired and actual levels of sedation equal) was significantly greater in the chloral hydrate and promethazine group (Chi-squared P <0.01; confidence intervals of the difference 0.06 to 0.20). The number of assessments at level 5 on the sedation scale (patient restless/distressed) was significantly greater in the midazolam group (Chi-squared P <0.05). The total number of satisfactory assessments in the two groups were only 61 and 48% respectively, suggesting that sedation can be considerably improved. Chloral hydrate and promethazine are more effective than midazolam as maintenance sedation in critically ill children. It is possible to prospectively study the efficacy of sedative drugs in critically ill children. 相似文献
10.
H. Wolff H. Lippert 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1987,372(1):874-875
Zusammenfassung Von 1979 bis 1986 wurden an der Chirurgischen Klinik der Charité 190 Patienten wegen einer chronischen Pankreatitis operiert. Bei 52 Patienten mit einer cephalen Duodenopankreatektomie wurde in einer 6jährigen Verlaufsstudie die endokrine Pankreasrestfunktion verfolgt. Die eingesetzten Parameter (GTT, Serum-Insulin, C-Peptid, Sonographie, CT und Leberbiopsie) ergaben einen signifikanten Anstieg der diabetischen Stoffwechsellage, eine gesteigerte Verdauungsinsuffizienz und eine deutlich zunehmende Leberverfettung. Durch die Occlusion wird keine endokrine Schutzfunktion erkennbar. 相似文献