家庭医生的一天

上周我和我的住院医一起去了养老院。其中有一位82岁的老年女性，以心悸多年为主诉来诊。患者无胸痛，气短或者眩晕。5年前她患有中风，伴有左胳膊以及左腿无力，没有其他的医疗记录。她过去常常口服降压药，但是已经停药了。她的血压为138／80mmHg，心率108次／min，伴有心律不齐，未闻及心脏杂音。双肺呼吸音清，无水肿。住院医为她做了心电图，提示为房颤，见图1。     

Common bile duct calculi: updated experience with dissolution with methyl tertiary butyl ether

The authors describe their experience with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in a larger series of patients than previously reported in order to acquaint physicians with both its effectiveness for dissolution of common bile duct calculi and the limitations of its use. Ten patients with 13 biliary calculi underwent percutaneous stone dissolution treatment with the experimental cholesterol solvent, MTBE. Three stones completely dissolved within 30 minutes, seven were reduced in size, and three were visibly unaffected. All stones not completely dissolved were easily extracted by means of a stone basket except for one in a patient taken to surgery. Although MTBE perfusion is an effective technique for management of biliary calculi, practitioners should be aware that its use is quite time consuming and its odor difficult to control.     

Segmental intestinal muscular thinning: a possible cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn

Intestinal obstruction proximal to a transition zone without an interposed physical barrier usually indicates Hirschsprung disease. The authors report one case of focal small bowel muscular thinning just distal to a transition zone that produced clinical and radiographic findings that simulated long-segment Hirschsprung disease in a 2-day-old infant.     

Image-directed percutaneous biopsies with a biopsy gun

Core tissue for histologic study is believed by many pathologists to be more diagnostic than material from needle aspiration. Recently, a biopsy "gun" has been introduced, which simplifies core biopsies. With this device, 182 biopsies of multiple anatomic sites were performed with ultrasonic, computed tomographic, and fluoroscopic guidance and 18-gauge needles. High-quality histopathologic specimens were obtained in 177 of the biopsies, and diagnostic target tissue was obtained in 167. Only three significant complications occurred: one bleeding complication that required transfusion and two cases of pneumothorax that necessitated placement of chest tubes. The biopsy gun eliminated the disjointed movements of conventional "skinny" needle biopsies, and none of the samples demonstrated significant "crush" artifact or obscuring blood, problems that are commonly associated with manual biopsy techniques. Patient discomfort was decreased with this system compared with that of manual biopsies, and the total procedure time was reduced. Because of these distinct advantages, the authors now use the biopsy gun exclusively for all percutaneous biopsies and recommend that other institutions consider the use of this biopsy method.     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿34例

1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 1986 / 1997收治颅内蛛网膜囊肿 34(男 2 8,女 6 )例 .年龄 3～ 6 8岁 ,其中 16岁以下 17例 .有头部外伤史者 15例 ,无明显诱因者 19例 .病程 :2 m o～ 14a.头部外伤至发病时间 :7d～ 2 a. 34例中幕上 30例 ,幕下 4例 ,其中侧裂池 15例 .1.2　临床症状　表现头疼、头昏或伴呕吐、视力下降、视乳头水肿等颅内压增高的症状 18例 ,癫痫发作 7例 ,偏瘫 6例 ,行走不稳 2例 ,失语 1例 .1.3　辅助检查　本组 2 8例作 CT检查 ,6例行 MRI检查证实 .头颅 CT扫描特征 :脑实质外有一边界清楚的低密度病灶 ,CT值与脑脊液…     

Lower eyelid blepharoplasty: the aging eyelid

The aging process affects the underlying structural integrity of the eyelids as well as the overlying skin, muscle, and fat. Gravitational descent of the deep supporting soft tissues of the eyelid complex coupled with skin texture changes exemplified by loss of skin elasticity, solar actinic changes, and dynamic and static rhytids result in the aged eyelid. Surgery of the lower eyelid on the youthful face usually involves excisional fat sculpting without skin removal. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty performed on the mature face often requires excision of periorbital fat combined with some treatment of the lower eyelid skin. In the aging eyelid, the surgeon must also be prepared to address lower eyelid laxity to prevent the potential complications of lower eyelid retraction or scleral show.     

Surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal (Aenker's) diverticulum.

Twenty-six patients underwent surgical repair of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum at Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, from 1957 through 1977. The majority of the patients (22) had a one-stage excision with intraluminal packing of the diverticulum and esophageal closure after excision. Of the 22 patients whose diverticula were treated by this method, 16 reported they were asymptomatic postoperatively, and six stated their symptoms improved. There were three complications: two wound infections and a temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis. During long-term follow-up, recurrent diverticula developed in two patients. The addition of packing to the diverticulum and the resection and closure over Maloney's dilator have proven to be important aids in this surgical approach.     

Efficacy of Zoladex LA (goserelin) in the treatment of girls with central precocious or early puberty

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a longer acting preparation of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue goserelin (Zoladex LA, 10.8 mg) in 12 girls with central precocious or early puberty. METHODS: Two girls started treatment de novo; the remainder had been on suppressive treatment for a median duration of 1.5 (range, 0.2-5.6) years. Assessment comprising auxology, pubertal staging, and pelvic ultrasound examination was carried out at weeks 0, 4, 8, 10, and 12 (first cycle) and weeks 8, 10, and 12 (second cycle) to evaluate the required injection frequency. Thereafter, assessment was performed on the day of injection. Zoladex LA was given every 12 weeks unless pubertal progression occurred. RESULTS: Satisfactory control was achieved in eight patients using this regimen, and three patients required more frequent injections. One girl was removed from the study because of clinical progression and extreme mood swings. No serious adverse effects occurred. Mean height velocity during the study period was 4.5 cm/year (range, 3.1-6.6) compared with 6.5 cm/year (range, 3.8-9.6) before treatment in nine patients for whom data were available. CONCLUSIONS: Zoladex LA was effective in controlling precocious puberty in girls when given at intervals of 9-12 weeks and it is recommended that an initial assessment is made eight weeks after beginning treatment.     

Somatic Malingering on the MMPI and MMPI-2 in Personal Injury Litigants

Elevations on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) scales 1 (Hs) and 3 (Hy) frequently occur in neuropsychological settings, due to symptoms of pain, paresthesias, and malaise. The presence of only one F scale item on Hs and Hy complicates detection of exaggerated somatic complaints. Of 12 medically and neurologically normal litigants claiming brain damage, with objective evidence of malingering, only 3 had elevated F scales, despite elevations on Hs and Hy exceeding those reported for chronic pain samples and for noninjured dissimulators in malingering research. By contrast, 11 of 12 had elevations on the Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale (FBS). Somatic malingering should be considered when elevations on Hs and Hy exceed T80, and FBS is significantly elevated.