Chronic occupational exposure to organic solvents

Summary Twenty-two persons (20 men and 2 women) were examined for their external and internal exposure to the glycol ether 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) during the production, leak testing and mounting of brake-hoses. For the measurement of external exposure, personal air monitoring was the method of choice. Average concentrations of PGME of 82.2 mg/m³ (22.3 ppm), 68.6 mg/m³ (18.6 ppm) and 11.3 mg/m³ (3.1 ppm) were found in the air of the brakehose production, leak test and mounting areas, respectively. For the estimation of internal exposure to PGME, this glycol ether was measured in both urine and blood. The biological samples were taken post-shift. The highest internal exposure levels were found in the brakehose production section and in the leak test area. The average post-shift concentrations for PGME in workers in the brakehose production section were 4.6 mg/l in urine and 13.5 mg/l in blood; the corresponding figures for workers in the leak test area were 4.2 mg/l in urine and 11.0 mg/l in blood. In blood and urine samples of workers engaged in the mounting area, PGME levels were below the detection limits. The elimination kinetics of PGME were also studied in three highly exposed persons, and mean excretion half-lives of PGME of approximately 4.4 h were found. On the basis of our results we made a rough calculation of a future biological tolerance value: we would except that concentrations of 38-109 mg per litre of blood and 10–31 mg per litre of urine would correspond to the German MAK value for PGME (375 mg/m³).     

A method for the collection of individual mouse urine

Behavioral research often requires urine collection. An apparatus has been developed for the collection of urine from individual or small groups of mice and is recommended for general use where urine from unstressed mice is required.     

Isolation and determination of quaternary ammonium compounds by means of amberlite XAD-columns and thin layer chromatography

The potentials of XAD-columns for the isolation of quaternary ammonium compounds from aqueous media have been investigated. When adequate amounts of counter ions (perchlorate, chloride, phosphate, nitrate) were added to the aqueous sample, to the column pretreatment fluid and to the aqueous washing fluid, most quaternary compounds investigated were retained on the column and could be recovered by elution with methanol. This approach proved also suitable for urine. Quantitation of quaternaries isolated in this way from urine samples could be performed on silicagel thin layer plates through visualization with iodine, followed by densitometric evaluation. For decamethonium detection limits were 0.1 g/ml. Recoveries at the 1 g/ml level were between 80–90% with variation coefficients of less than 10%.Presented at the European Meeting of The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, July 4–7, 1978, Utrecht, The Netherlands     

真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果

目的 探析真武汤治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果.方法 选取该院于2018年3月—2020年3月收治的100例糖尿病肾病患者,按照数字表法随机分为两组,对照组采用常规西药治疗,在此基础上观察组加用真武汤治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效和治疗前后的相关指标变化.结果 观察组的总有效率88.0％高于对照组64.0％,差异有统计学意义(...     

雷公藤多甙对糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白及血清sICAM-1的影响

目的观察雷公藤多甙对糖尿病肾病患者的尿蛋白和血清可溶性细胞间粘附因子-1（sICAM-1）表达的影响。方法将60例糖尿病肾病患者分为两组,对照组（30例）给以依那普利口服,治疗组（30例）给以雷公藤多甙口服。疗程为1个月,观察治疗前后尿蛋白定量和血清sICAM-1等指标的变化。结果对照组与治疗组尿蛋白定量均较治疗前下降,两组间比较无差异性;治疗组血清sICAM-1治疗后较治疗前降低,而对照组治疗前、后无明显变化。结论雷公藤多甙可以减少糖尿病肾病患者的尿蛋白,其机制可能与降低血清sICAM-1的表达有关。     

白介素8，白介素10联检在2型糖尿病肾病患者中的临床意义

目的：探讨血清白细胞介素8、白细胞介素10水平的变化在糖尿病肾病发生、发展中的作用。方法：根据24h尿微量白蛋白排泄率对2型DN患者分组,观察血清IL-8、1L-10水平的改变。结果：糖尿病3组的IL-8、IL-10水平均明显高于正常对照组,随糖尿病肾病的严重程度增加而增加,且与及血肌酐呈正相关。结论：检测血清IL-8、IL-10水平的变化可以作为临床观察DN病情及判断DM预后的参考指标。     

Determination of potentially hallucinogenic N-dimethylated indoleamines in human urine by HPLC/ESI-MS-MS

A new method for the determination of N,N-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (bufotenine), N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)*, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), and N-methyltryptamine (NMT) was developed using highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Identification of the analytes is based on liquid chromatographic retention times of analytes and two fragment ions produced by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantification is based on electrospray ionization (ESI), and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was also utilized for getting better selectivity. The analytes and internal standard were separated from the urine matrix by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The method was applied for the determination of these compounds in urine samples of patients from surgical, medical and psychiatric wards. Of the dimethylated amines, only bufotenine was found in significant amounts (up to 34 &#119 g/L). In keeping with our earlier results, the bufotenine excretion of psychiatric patients was found to be higher than that of the somatic patients. Method, procedure, considerations, statistical evaluations and urine sample spectra are presented.     

临床尿液常规检验分析前质量控制对策与效果探析

目的：探讨临床尿液常规检验分析前质量控制对策,并对其对策的应用效果进行分析。方法以2013年9月-2014年8月该院收治的肾内科患者共200例作为研究的对象,随机将其分成实验组和对照组,每组各100例,对照组患者给予常规的临床尿液检查控制,实验组患者在临床尿液常规检验分析前给予质量控制。结果该实验中所有的标本均完成了检查,检查结果可靠。且通过我们的质量控制,实验组的100例患者仅出现2例与显微镜检查不符的情况,占2%;有98%与患者的尿显微镜检查结果相符,对照组患者出现11例与显微镜检查不符的情况,占11%,有89%与患者的尿显微镜检查结果相符,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在临床尿液常规检验中要积极进行分析前的质量控制,以改善尿常规的检查效果,使其尿常规检查结果具有较好的准确率,更好地对临床疾病进行诊治。     

尿脱落细胞吖啶橙染色检查在膀胱癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨尿脱落细胞吖啶橙荧光染色(AO-F)检查在膀胱癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析1016例膀胱癌患者资料,按临床分期、病理分级、肿瘤大小、数目、部位,手术治疗方式及有无血尿症状,分别计算AO-F阳性率,并进行统计学分析.结果 1016例患者尿样AO-F阳性率78.05%(793/1016),表浅癌和浸润癌患者阳性率分别为74.69%(611/818)和91.92%(182/198);病理分级≤Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级患者阳性率分别为67.24%(351/522)和90.37%(413/457);有无血尿症状患者阳性率分别为80.30%(750/934)和52.44%(43/82);肿瘤直径≥2 cm和<2 cm患者阳性率分别为79.87%(710/889)和65.35%(83/127);多发和单发肿瘤患者阳性率分别为83.07%(363/437)和74.27%(430/579);肿瘤累及膀胱三角区或膀胱颈部者阳性率为77.21%(105/136),累及其他部位者为78.07%(687/880);治疗方法TURBt、膀胱部分切除和膀胱全切除患者阳性率分别为69.68%(393/564),87.87%(268/305)和91.74%(100/109).AO-F阳性率与膀胱癌临床分期、病理分级、手术治疗方式、肿瘤大小、数目及有无血尿症状等因素有明显相关性,且与其临床分期、病理分级间存在正相关(r值分别为0.99和0.97);患者性别及肿瘤发生部位等因素与AO-F阳性率之间无相关性.结论 尿脱落细胞AO-F榆查诊断膀胱癌阳性率高,且简便、无创、经济、准确性高,可反复进行,可提高膀胱癌患者的早期诊断率,值得临床推广应用.     

Regulation by macromolecules of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation in stone formers

Based on the structure of kidney stones, it is likely that they form as aggregations of preformed crystals, mostly calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). In this study, we examined the ability of a macromolecular mixture isolated from the urine of normal individuals and stone formers to inhibit aggregation of preformed COM seed crystals in a simple ionic solution using measurements of changes in the particle size distribution (PSD) of preformed COM crystal aggregates. We also examined the effect in this assay of a number of synthetic homopolymers, naturally occurring urine macromolecules, and binary mixtures thereof. The macromolecular mixtures from urine of normals and most stone formers reduced the degree of aggregation of the seed crystals, whereas 22% of stone former urine macromolecules either did not disaggregate or actually promoted further aggregation. Stone formers within one family shared this property, but a non-stone forming sibling did not. Polyanions, either synthetic or naturally occurring, induced disaggregation to an extent similar to that exhibited by normal urine macromolecules, while polycations had no effect on the PSD. However, mixing a polyanion, either poly-aspartate or osteopontin, with the polycation poly-arginine, changed their behavior from disaggregation to aggregation promotion. The disaggregating behavior of normal urinary macromolecules provides a defense against aggregation, but a minority of stone forming individuals lacks this defense, which may contribute to stone formation.