Primary and secondary malignancies of the penis: ultrasound features

Cancer of the penis is a rare neoplasm in developed countries but worldwide represents a significant health problem. In this study, the ultrasonographic features of primary and secondary malignant lesions of the penis are described. Squamous cell carcinoma usually presents as a hypoechoic lesion with heterogeneous appearance. Invasions of the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum are appreciable. B-cell lymphoma presents as a well-vascularized mass, a plaque, or ulcers in the penile skin. Penile metastases result from hematogenous or lymphatic spreading of distant tumors or, more frequently, as penile infiltration by tumors from adjacent organs. Diffuse corporeal or nodular involvement can result. 1Award-winning poster at the 10th European Symposium on Urogenital Radiology; Uppsala, Sweden, September 4•7, 2003.     

Indoor air pollution and pulmonary performance: investigating errors in exposure assessment

We use pulmonary function measurements on pre-adolescent children and indoor air pollution measurements in the homes of these children to illustrate estimation techniques for linear regression models containing independent variables measured with error. In our data set, replicate measures of indoor air pollutant concentrations provide one method of estimating measurement error variances. Surrogate information in the form of cigarettes smoked is also available for the pollutant of interest. Several estimation procedures are presented, and we combine two estimators, one based on surrogate information and one based on replication information, using generalized least squares.     

彩色多普勒血流显像对肺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的应用

本文应用彩色多普勒血流显像技术对４０例肺肿瘤患者进行研究。全部病例均经手术及病理证实。结果表明：肺恶性肿瘤的内部及周边血流丰富，搏动指数（ＰＩ）和阻力指数（ＲＩ）低于肺良性肿瘤。因此，通过观察肺肿瘤的血流丰富程度及ＰＩ（界值＜１），ＲＩ（界值＜０．５）．可做为辨别肺恶性肿瘤的参考条件。     

Colored neon flanks and line gap enhancement

When a colored line connects two black (or differently colored) lines across a gap, colored neon flanks are seen on either side of it. These flanks extend over gap sizes of 50 min arc foveally and are not explained by Bezold-type assimilation. They may be elicited by black lines as short as 6 min arc adjoining the colored line at each end. To maximize these flanks, the black and colored lines must appear linearly continuous. Nonaligned junctions weaken the effect and an angular tilt of more than 40 dog destroys it. In this and other respects, (local) neon flanks are similar to van Tuijl's (global) neon color spreading (1975). Both phenomena have analogs in brightness perception. We propose that neon spreading is a lateral extension of neon flanks across the empty space between them, and discuss similarities of these effects with other brightness illusions (Schumann, Prandtl, Ehrenstein). For this group of illusions the term "line gap enhancement" is introduced to imply perceptual enhancement of changes in brightness and/or color along lines. Correspondences between the psychophysical properties and structural prerequisites for line gap enhancement on one hand and neuronal response properties of end-zone inhibited (hypercomplex) cortical cells on the other are discussed.     

PLAT铸造陶瓷修复体表面着色中颜色改正的研究

铸造陶瓷的表面着色是一个依赖技术的过程。本研究通过对经黄色、橙色着色剂着色后的铸造陶瓷盘应用薄层同色着色剂及红、绿、蓝、紫色着色剂后的色度测量,发现同色着色剂的应用使饱和度增加;红色、绿色可使其色相偏红、偏绿;蓝色、紫色可有效地降低饱和度,但使色相有不同程度地偏绿偏红。     

Study of mycotoxin calibration approaches on the example of trichothecenes analysis from flour

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of different calibration approaches in trichothecenes analysis from wheat flour. Concretely eight trichothecenes (five type B trichothecenes and three type A trichothecenes) were analyzed by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In the first set of experiments the presence of matrix effects was evaluated; values ranged between 59% and 79%. In the second set of experiments, solutions to compensate these signal suppressions were examined. Different calibration methods showed to tackle matrix effects obtaining values between 69% and 85% for external matrix matched calibration and values from 76% to 111% and from 78% to 108% by analog and deuterated internal standard calibrations, respectively. Trueness of the method was studied using quality control material and certificated reference material (DON 1062 ± 110 μg kg⁻¹). The values were compared by matrix-matched, analog internal standard (deepoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM-1)) and deuterated internal standard (DON-d₁).     

脉络膜黑色素瘤的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

脉络膜黑色素瘤（choroidal melanoma,CM）是成人最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤,国内发病率仅次于发生在儿童的视网膜母细胞瘤,居眼内肿瘤的第二位.近年来随着计算机技术的飞速发展,影像学检查技术也日新月异,笔者就此进行相关性的文献查阅,分别从超声、CT、MRI、眼底造影、PET-CT等五个方面进行综述,旨在提高对本病的认识,提高诊断的符合率.     

彩超在诊断主动脉夹层中的应用

目的评价彩超诊断主动脉夹层的临床价值。方法采用HP—Image Point Hx和PH—HD11彩超，对2000年2月至2007年1月间诊断的21例主动脉夹层患者进行总结分析。结果19例主动脉夹层患者均经彩超确诊，2例可疑病例经尸检证实。结论彩超对主动脉夹层的诊断、治疗方案选择及预后判断具有重要的临床价值。     

彩色超声对原发性胆囊癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨原发性胆囊癌的彩色超声图像特征,提高原发性胆囊癌的超声诊断准确率,减少临床的误诊和漏诊。方法回顾性分析了该院2009年以来45例原发性胆囊癌患者的超声图像特征及检查结果,并与手术后的病理结果进行了对照。结果45例胆囊癌中术前彩色超声诊断了35例,准确率77.8%,误诊10例,误诊率22.2%,根据彩色超声图像的特点将原发性胆囊癌分为5型。结论彩色超声为原发性胆囊癌的首选检查方法,对临床诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值,但还应与其他检查相结合以提高早期诊断率。     

高频彩超诊断附睾炎的价值

目的 :探讨附睾炎的彩色多普勒超声声像特征。　方法 :4 2例附睾炎病人以高频彩色多普勒超声进行检查 ,2 1例健康者作为对照组。　结果 :① 92 %的病例患侧附睾头、体、尾部均增厚 ;② 81%的病例双侧附睾病变 ;③血流超声显示附睾内血流信号较丰富 ,血流色彩明亮 ,多呈条束形 ;④ 93%的病例并发睾丸鞘膜积液 ;⑤病史较长的病人常合并睾丸炎。　结论 :高频彩色多普勒超声对于附睾炎具有重要的诊断价值。