Donor to host transmission of disease via corneal transplantation

A literature search was conducted to report all cases of documented transmission of infectious diseases from donors to recipients of corneal transplants. Fourteen such cases have been reported. There is no experimental or clinical evidence to suggest the transmissions of either hepatitis or syphilis via corneal grafting. Available evidence regarding a number of neurologic and other disorders in which a slow virus etiology has been implicated were reviewed. On the basis of this review, we are able to draw certain conclusions and guidelines for selection or rejection of donor material for transplant surgery.     

阴道酵母样真菌感染的3种实验室检测方法比较

目的采用3种方法平行检测阴道酵母样真菌感染，比较它们的优缺点，寻求最佳检测方法。方法对患有阴道炎病人的阴道分泌物同时用改良盐水湿片法、超高倍显微诊断仪（MCMDI）法扣酵母样真菌培养法进行检测，然后作统计分析。结果共检测420例阴道炎病人标本，改良盐水湿片法、MCMDI法扣培养法的阴道酵母样真菌检出阳性率分别为22．38％（94／420）、39．52％（166／420）争40．00％（168／420），后两法栓出总符合率达97．62％。结论改良盐水湿片法、MCMDI法都能快速检测酵母样真菌，但前者比后者阳性率低，容易漏诊；MCMDI法跟培养法的阳性率差不多，可用作早期快速诊断，而培养法虽然阳性率高，且可鉴定到菌种扣做药敏试验，给临床用药提供参考，但耗时长（平均3～5d），不利于快速诊断扣早期治疗。     

肺癌患者条件致病性真菌感染的特征

目的：调查唐山市人民医院2005年至2009年住院肺癌患者感染条件致病性真菌的临床特点及种类,探讨条件致病性真菌感染的危险因素。方法：采用回顾性调查研究的方法,对2005年至2009年在唐山市人民医院住院并发生条件致病性真菌感染的肺癌患者进行研究。结果：住院肺癌患者送检标本的送检率和条件致病性真菌检出率均逐年增高,以念珠菌属为主,白色念珠菌是最常见的感染真菌,年龄≥60岁、住院时间长、吸烟、肿瘤恶性程度高、接受化疗及放疗、广谱抗生素和激素的大量使用、各种侵入性诊疗操作的应用等因素与肺癌患者发生条件致病性真菌感染有关。结论：控制危险因素,提高患者免疫力是预防肺癌患者条件致病性真菌感染的主要措施。     

河北磁县食管癌胃癌高发人群口腔真菌分布的调查

应用常规方法随机研究食管癌、胃癌高发的磁县人群５４７例的口腔真菌。结果：１．口腔真菌阳性率为６８．４％，食管真菌阳性率为４７．３％，前者显著高于后者（Ｐ＜０．００１）。２．口腔真菌以念珠菌、曲霉菌和青霉菌为主，食管真菌以曲霉菌、青霉菌和念珠菌占多数。３．口腔与食管内的产毒真菌差异无显著性意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。本结果为进一步研究口腔真菌与上消化道癌及肿瘤的一级预防提供了依据。     

A review of the epidemiology of tinea unguium in the community

Tinea unguium is a common, chronic fungal infection of the nails. Many epidemiological studies have looked at the frequency with which this condition is seen in hospital outpatients clinics or mycological laboratories along with other dermatomycoses. Only recently have studies begun to emerge looking at the prevalence of this condition in populations. Hospital and mycological laboratory-based studies give valuable information about tinea unguium prevalence in a particular clinic, but cannot be compared with other studies due to confounding factors inherent in the different people attending individual clinics. From population-based studies the prevalence of tinea unguium lies between 2 and 8%. Tinea unguium increases steadily with age. It is infrequent but definitely found in children. With the increasing life expectancy in the Western world the prevalence of tinea unguium is likely to increase further without adequate prevention and treatment.     

卡泊芬净治疗肾移植后肺部侵袭性真菌感染：12例分析

背景：肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染是肾移植失败的主要原因。卡泊芬净具有独特的抗真菌机制,对氟康唑和伊曲康唑耐药的念珠菌有很强的抗菌作用,并表现出很好的耐受性,且没有与剂量或作用持续时间相关的毒性。 目的：评价卡泊芬净治疗肾移植后肺部侵袭性真菌感染的有效性和安全性。 方法：回顾性分析2013年1至12月三门峡市中心医院呼吸科诊断为肺部侵袭性真菌感染的肾移植患者,采用卡泊芬净抗真菌治疗,卡泊芬净首剂为70 mg/d,继以50 mg/d,静脉滴注。用药后每周最少监测2次肝功能,若肝功能损害加重或出现新的肝功能损害,根据肝脏功能调整剂量或者停药,疗程为10-14 d。观察患者的疗效和不良反应。 结果与结论：共收治12例患者,可以找到真菌微生物学证据者占67%,其培养真菌以念珠菌为主,占75%,合并细菌感染比例为58%,合并巨细胞病毒感染的比例为25%。治疗有效率为92%（11/12）,死亡率为8%（1/12）,不良事件发生率为25%。提示对于肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染患者的经验性抗真菌治疗,卡泊芬净的疗效较好,且不良事件发生率低。卡泊芬净可以作为肾移植后侵袭性真菌感染的首选药物。     

消毒措施对控制学校室内空气中微生物效果观察

为了观察三氯异氰尿酸对室内空气微生物的杀灭效果 ,采用平板沉降法进行了检测。结果 ,消毒前不同地点室内空气中细菌总数平均为 4 0 0 0cfu/m3 。用有效氯含量 10 0 0mg/L的三氯异氰尿酸水溶液喷雾消毒 ,4 5min后室内空气中细菌总数明显减少 ,平均控制在 2 0 0 0cfu/m3 以内。对空气中细菌平均消除率为 5 8.33% ,其中使放线菌下降 5 1.5 9% ,真菌下降 33.6 0 %。结果显示 ,三氯异氰尿酸喷雾消毒对空气中细菌有一定杀灭作用     

Infection of adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

This study describes a laboratory investigation on the use of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. At a dosage of 1.6 x 10(10)conidia/m(2), applied on material that served as a mosquito resting site, an average of 87.1+/-2.65% of Ae. aegypti and 89.3+/-2.2% of Ae. albopictus became infected with the fungus. The life span of fungus-contaminated mosquitoes of both species was significantly reduced compared to uninfected mosquitoes. LT(50)-values of fungus-contaminated mosquitoes ranged between 3.1+/-0.2 days (male Ae. aegypti) and 4.1+/-0.3 days (female Ae. aegypti). LT(50)-values of uncontaminated mosquitoes ranged from 17.7+/-0.4 days (female Ae. albopictus) to 19.7+/-0.6 days (male Ae. albopictus). These results indicate that both mosquito species are highly susceptible to infection with this entomopathogen. Requirements for developing and incorporating this biological control method into current strategies to control major diseases vectored by these species, such as dengue fever, are discussed.     

CT在真菌性鼻窦炎诊断中的价值

目的 探讨CT在真菌性鼻窦炎诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的30例真菌性鼻窦炎患者的临床表现、CT特征及术中所见。结果 CT征象：病变的窦腔内为不均匀的密度增高影，其中17例病变窦腔内呈不规则点状或片状钙化影，5例上颌窦内壁骨质吸收破坏，上颌窦口扩大11例，上颌窦骨壁增生硬化16例。CT诊断鼻窦炎27例，其中真菌性鼻窦炎23例，上颌窦占位性病变3例。结论 窦腔内散在点状、片状钙化的软组织充填是真菌性鼻窦炎CT诊断的主要征象。CT在真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断中具有重要价值。     

一种中药复配消毒剂的研制及其消毒效果与毒性的研究

用醋酸氯己定的乙醇溶液辅以中草药的乙醇提取液配制成喷脚宁消毒剂,为观察其杀菌效果与毒性,采用载体定量杀菌试验和动物试验进行了实验室研究。结果,以体积分数 5%喷脚宁消毒剂(含醋酸氯己定 150mg/L)作用 20min,对布片上金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等细菌繁殖体和白色念珠球菌、黑曲霉菌、须癣毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌等真菌的杀灭率达 99. 9%以上; 25%、50%有机物对其杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌无明显影响, 37℃存放 90d后其杀灭白色念珠菌的效果无明显变化。喷脚宁小鼠急性经口毒性试验属于实际无毒级,对家兔皮肤无刺激性,对家兔眼黏膜有刺激性。结果表明,喷脚宁抗菌作用广谱,可用于皮肤局部消毒。