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1.
系统脱敏与冲击疗法治疗社交恐怖症的疗效比较   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
使用系统脱敏疗法和冲击疗法各治疗一组社交恐怖症,随访一年,两组疗效比较,治愈率系统脱敏组为30.7%,冲击组为26.6%。差异不显著(u-0.2397,p>0.05),而系统脱敏疗法循序渐进、病人乐意接受,冲击疗法,虽疗程较短,但患者心理似不易承受.  相似文献   
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Responses of central noradrenergic (NE) neurons to stressors like immobilization (IMO), cold exposure, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and cellular glucoprivation caused by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were investigated in intact and long-term repeatedly immobilized (LTR, 2 h daily IMO for 41 days) rats. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), norepinephrine transporter (NET) and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) genes were determined by using in situ hybridization histochemistry in brainstem A1, A2, A5 and locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. TH mRNA levels were increased by single IMO or 2-DG administration in all areas studied. Cold was effective only in LC and A2 neurons while insulin had no effect. LTR immobilization elevated TH mRNA levels in all investigated cell groups. These elevations were equally high to those elicited by a single IMO in each noradrenergic group, except the LC where LTR IMO was less effective than the single IMO. The levels of NET and VMAT2 mRNAs were elevated only in the A1 and A2 cell groups of LTR IMO rats. A newly applied IMO in LTR rats did not alter TH, NET, and VMAT2 mRNA levels in any NE cell group investigated. Novel stressors like cold and 2-DG exaggerated the increased TH mRNA levels only in the LC of LTR IMO rats, unlike in the other NE cell groups. The present data indicate that repeated exposure of rats to homotypic stressor induces an adaptation of NE neurons, whereas single exposure of such animals to heterotypic novel stressor produces an exaggerated response of the system at the level of TH (in LC) and NET (in A1, A2) gene expression.  相似文献   
3.
AIMS: To examine the effects of high ambient temperature ('heat stressor') on parasympathetically mediated cardiovascular reflexes (power of respiratory sinus dysrhythmia; change in heart rate elicited by change in posture from lying to standing ['30 : 15 ratio']). METHODS: Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in four weekly sessions, each of which was associated with one treatment condition (placebo at an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C; propranolol 40 mg at 22 degrees C; placebo at 40 degrees C; propranolol 40 mg at 40 degrees C), according to a balanced double-blind design. Heart rate was recorded by ECG, finger tremor (7-12 Hz) with an accelerometer strapped to the middle finger of the nondominant hand, and sublingual temperature by a mercury thermometer. Power of finger tremor and the variations of the R-R intervals of the ECG were obtained from Fourier transformations of the data. Data were analysed by analysis of variance, with repeated measures using a significance criterion of P < 0.05; individual comparisons of active treatment with placebo and of data obtained at 40 degrees C with those obtained at 22 degrees C were made with Fisher's Least Significant Difference test. RESULTS: Heart rate was increased by the heat stressor, and this increase was abolished by propranolol. The heat stressor reduced the power of respiratory sinus dysrhythmia and the 30 : 15 ratio, and increased the power of physiological finger tremor. Propranolol did not affect heat stressor-induced changes in the parasympathetic cardiac reflexes, but reduced the heat stressor-induced enhancement of finger tremor. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the power of physiological finger tremor at high ambient temperature is consistent with sympathetic activation, whereas the reduction in the power of respiratory sinus dysrhythmia and 30 : 15 ratio indicates a decrease in parasympathetic activity. These results demonstrate that high ambient temperature may induce vagal withdrawal in the heart.  相似文献   
4.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine associations among trauma-related contextual factors, initial psychological reactions, social support, and subsequent disclosure on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of World War II (WWII) veterans exposed to mustard gas (N = 305). A structural model suggested that initial psychological reaction mediated the relationship between variables related to the context of mustard gas exposure and severity of PTSD symptoms 50 years later. Unexpectedly, social support appeared to be positively related to PTSD symptoms, and not related to the contextual variables or initial psychological reactions. These findings contribute to our understanding of PTSD in older veterans, and have relevance for early intervention services to prevent PTSD among those at risk for exposure to toxic agents.  相似文献   
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不同职称护士工作精神压力来源的调查与分析   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
目的调查并分析不同职称护士工作精神压力的来源,寻找有效应对方式提高护理管理水平,保障临床护士身心健康。方法采用自行设计的工作精神压力问卷对2所三级甲等医院的510名临床一线护士进行调查。结果临床护士精神压力来源排序前3位为值班时间过长/体力不足、担心病人发生意外和来自领导的压力;不同职称护士精神压力来源及其排序有差别。结论按需排班、适度激励、健全自下而上的反馈机制以及提供发展机会是减轻护士精神压力的有效措施。  相似文献   
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李杨  魏珉 《解放军护理杂志》2010,27(13):983-986,992
随着世界范围内流行病学模式的转变和疾病谱的变化,儿童慢性病的发病率也逐渐上升,并成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。慢性病患儿不仅要面对疾病带来的生理改变以及各种检查和治疗所带来的痛苦,还要应对认知、心理、社会等各方面的问题。  相似文献   
9.
Failure of antireflux surgery is common in children with neurodisability, with a high incidence of persistent or recurrent symptoms, including retching. Anatomical disruption of the wrap is a frequent finding, but what forces underlie this disruption? This article reviews the forces generated during potential wrap-stressing episodes, putting them into the clinical context of wrap failure.Historically, wrap failure has been attributed to pressures arising from a reduction in gastric capacity or compliance, with advocates for an additional, gastric emptying procedure, at the time of fundoplication. However, any postoperative pressure changes are small and insufficient to cause disruption, and evidence of benefit from gastric emptying procedures is lacking.Diaphragmatic stressor events are common in the presence of neurodisability, and there is now increasing recognition of an association between diaphragmatic stressors and wrap breakdown. The analysis in this review demonstrates that the greatest forces on the fundoplication wrap are those associated with retching and vomiting. The direction and magnitude of these forces are sufficient to cause wrap herniation into the thorax, and wrap separation. Clinical series confirm that retching is consistently and strongly associated with wrap breakdown.Retching needs to be addressed if we are to reduce the incidence of wrap failure.Level of Evidence V.  相似文献   
10.
目的了解慢性HBV感染孕妇主要的心理压力源。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法,深入访谈9例慢性HBV感染孕妇,了解其心理压力状况。结果HBV感染孕妇妊娠期心理压力源主要包括:担心孩子被传染、对在传染病医院分娩的顾虑、对分娩方式和喂养方式选择的顾虑、担心自身健康、对承担母亲角色的顾虑。结论医护人员应结合乙肝孕妇的自身特点做好相应的健康指导和心理支持以减轻乙肝孕妇的心理压力。同时应进一步加大对公众的宣传力度,为乙肝患者营造一个公平、友好的社会氛围。  相似文献   
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