The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol alone and in combination with cannabidiol on fixed-interval performance in rhesus monkeys

It has been reported that cannabidiol (CBD) antagonizes the effects of ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on operant behavior in rats and pigeons. We have replicated this finding with rhesus monkeys. Four rhesus monkeys were trained to lever press on a fixedinterval 5-min schedule of food presentation with a 1-min limited hold and 1-min time out between successive intervals. The effects of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg THC alone were determined three times during the experiment; before the CBD-THC interaction, after the CBD-THC interaction and once with the CBD vehicle. A dose of 30 mg/kg CBD, which alone resulted in a 24% reduction in responding, completely antagonized the response rate reduction produced by 0.3 mg/kg THC. The effects of THC revealed a rate-dependent effect that did not conform to the log-linear rate-dependency plots described for most other drugs.This research was reported at the FASEB Meeting in Atlantic City, NJ in 1978 [Fed. Proc. 37: 739 (Abs.) 1978]     

荧光探针法研究阳离子多聚物基因载体Polybrene与DNA的相互作用

目的:用荧光探针法研究海美溴铵(PB)和DNA之间的相互作用。方法:将一定量的PB溶液逐渐加入到DNA/溴化乙锭(EB)复合物的水溶液中,在535nm处激发,测定595nm的荧光强度,观察体系荧光强度随PB浓度变化而发生的改变。用同样的方法观察PB对Hoe-DNA和4,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)-DNA体系荧光强度的影响,Hoe的激发和发射波长分别设置为350nm和460nm,DAPI为340nm和450nm。通过荧光Scatchard分析法获得PB对DNA的结合常数。结果:随着PB浓度的增加,EB与DNA的结合减弱。通过对PB存在下EB-DNA体系的荧光分析,获得了PB与DNA之间的结合常数为1.8×105/mol。PB的加入大大提高了Hoe-DNA体系的荧光强度,同时Hoe的最大发射波长由最初的490nm蓝移至460nm。Hoe-DNA体系和DAPI-DNA体系的荧光强度均随着聚合物单体的浓度与DNA磷酸基团的浓度比值(N∶P比值)的增加而增加,并且在N∶P比值等于或接近1.0时达到最大。结论:DNA与PB之间复合物的形成减弱了DNA与嵌入剂的结合,但却能增强DNA和沟区结合探针之间的相互作用。提示PB与DNA的结合可能特异性地影响了DNA的二级结构。     

鸟类动物家鸡和哺乳类动物家兔之间及两栖纲动物蟾蜍和硬骨鱼类鲤鱼之间血红蛋白互作的研究

目的:研究鸟类动物家鸡和哺乳类动物家兔之间、两栖纲动物蟾蜍和硬骨鱼类鲤鱼之间血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)的相互作用.方法:淀粉-琼脂糖混合凝胶薄层电泳.结果:家鸡和家兔Hb之间在"穿过"、"兜过"实验电泳过程中出现扭曲现象;蟾蜍和鲤鱼Hb之间在"穿过"、"兜过"实验电泳过程中未出现扭曲现象.结论:家鸡和家兔Hb之间可发生相互作用,而蟾蜍和鲤鱼Hb之间未发生相互作用.     

肠道菌群及联用组学技术在中药领域上的研究进展

肠道菌群与各脏器相关联,能够反映中医药整体观特点。肠道菌群在中药作用机制、配伍应用和毒理等领域广泛应用。中药可影响肠道菌群数量和组成,改善肠菌丰度和多样性,同时肠道菌群也可代谢转化中药活性成分,与中药相互影响,促进中药药效发挥。肠道菌群联合代谢组学等多组学技术通过多层次分析,有利于全面阐释肠道菌群与中药作用机制。本文利用数据库综合检索近十年发表的相关文献,阐释肠道菌群和中药之间的相互作用,归纳总结肠道菌群在中药药效、配伍、炮制、毒理领域的研究进展以及与代谢组学等多组学技术联合应用,为深入研究肠道菌群和中药之间的关系及多组学技术在肠道菌群与中药之间的应用提供理论依据和参考。     

Provider–patient interaction in rural Cameroon—How it relates to the patient's understanding of diagnosis and prescribed drugs,the patient's concept of illness,and access to therapy

Objective

This cross-sectional survey examines the relation between provider–patient interaction and several patient-outcomes in a rural health district in Cameroon.

Methods

We used structured patient interviews and the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) for analysis of audio-recorded consultations.

Results

Data from 130 primary care consultations with 13 health-care providers were analysed. 51% of patients correctly named their diagnoses after the consultation; in 47% of prescribed drugs patients explained correctly the purpose. Patients’ ability to recall diagnoses was related to the extent of clarity a provider used in mentioning it during consultation (recall rates: 87.5% if mentioned explicitly, 56.7% if mentioned indirectly and 19.2% if not mentioned at all; p < 0.001). Two thirds of patients were able to describe their concept of illness before the consultation, but only 47% of them mentioned it during consultations. On average patients who mentioned their disease concept were faced with more remarks of disapproval from providers (1.73 vs 0.63 per consultation; p < 0.01). Although 41% of patients admitted problems with financial resources to buy prescribed drugs, discussion about financial issues was very rare during consultations. Providers issued financial questions in 32%, patients in 21% of consultations.

Conclusion

This study shows that provider–patient interaction in primary health care in a rural Cameroon district deserves more attention. It might improve the patients’ knowledge about their health condition and support them in beneficial health behaviour.

Practice implications

Our findings should encourage providers to give more medical explanation, to discuss patients’ health beliefs in a non-judgemental manner, and to consider financial issues more carefully.     

基于Klotho基因的生物活性探讨中医“心肾相交”理论

"心肾相交"是指肾水上济于心,心火下降于肾。Klotho作为肾精的物质基础,在生理功能上与肾精作用相同,二者均秉承于父母,具有抗衰老、主生殖和生长发育、保护骨骼调节钙磷代谢等功用。Klotho衍生物可溶性Klotho(soluble Klotho,sKlotho)延续了Klotho的生理功能,并参与调节心肌细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的钙离子代谢,抑制钙离子沉积,调节脉道,保护心血管,具有交通心藏系统的功能。Klotho基因的这种微观调节作用,使得心藏系统和肾藏系统之间的关系更加紧密,加强了中医心肾之间的交互关系,也丰富了中医"心肾相交"理论。     

非糖尿病者糖化血红蛋白水平对早期动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的探讨中国成年非糖尿病者糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）水平与早期动脉粥样硬化的关系,评估年龄、血压、血脂等因素对该关系的影响。方法选择2011年6月至2012年3月徐州地区健康体检人群5514名,年龄19～90岁,对符合要求的5098名非糖尿病者进行体格检查并抽取空腹血进行生化检测,测定颈一股动脉脉搏波传导速度（c-fPWV）水平并进行分析。计数资料问的比较采用χ2检验,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。交互作用检测将在模型中引入交互作用相,交互关系的验证用似然比检验（LRT）。结果随着HbAI（3、空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h血糖水平升高,c-fPWV呈显著上升趋势（趋势P值〈0．0001）,校正年龄、性别、体质指数（BMI）、血压、心率和血脂后,c-fPWV仍随着HbAlc水平的升高而升高（趋势P值=0．004）。此外,HbAlc与年龄存在交互作用而对c-fPwV产生影响（P〈0．0001）,当研究对象年龄≥60岁、收缩压≥140mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）和（或）舒张压≥90mmHg时,c-fPWV随着HbAlc水平的升高而呈显著上升趋势（趋势P值分别为0．004、0．028）。结论非糖尿病者HbAlc水平与早期动脉粥样硬化具有相关性,并独立于其他代谢危险因素。高龄和高血压对HbAlc与c-fPWV之间的相关性起修饰作用。