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1.
The present study evaluates the response comparability between 361 elderly hip fracture patients admitted from the community to seven Baltimore area hospitals between 1984 and 1986 and interviewer selected proxies on items pertaining to patients' pre-fracture health and functional status. Agreement across items ranges from very poor to good and varies with respect to the health or functional area assessed. Proxies tend to overestimate patient disability relative to the patients themselves, especially with regard to capacity to perform instrumental activities of daily living. Although proxies who report the greatest contact with patients respond most comparably to the patients, when they do disagree, proxies with the greatest patient contact tend to overestimate patient disability. The authors suggest that attention to item construction and phrasing may improve response comparability.  相似文献   
2.
Using hierarchical cluster analysis, applied to 47 cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) incident in South-West Stockholm (SWS) during the period from January 1973 to June 1992, we identified three major clinicoepidemiological subgroups. The first subgroup, 25.5% of the cases (26.7 ± 6.7 years), recorded a peak incidence at ages 20–29 years and presented significant differences from other subgroups, a high proportion of cases with onset at low age preceded by respiratory infection (83.3%) and with normal motor conduction velocity (50.0%). Also found, were less affected biological parameters, a rapidly progressive course and independence in gait at one month after onset. A second subgroup, 27.7% of cases, was severely affected, clinically and functionally. It consisted predominantly of young individuals (22.7 ± 11.1 years), with a high incidence (69.2% of cases) in autumn. A third subgroup, comprising 40.47; of cases, was older (61.1 ± 11.0 years) and, in general, also severely affected. The incidence of this form appeared to be invariant with time.  相似文献   
3.
This report describes a model for identifying sets of teaching abilities considered to be effective for medical school teaching staff, based on roles teachers assume and functions they are expected to perform as instructors. The specification of these teaching abilities was the first step in the development of a comprehensive course on Medical Instruction at the Basic Institute of Medical and Agricultural Biology of the State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Brazil, where the senior author is employed. The work was based on the assumption that medical school teachers are expected to assume a variety of teaching roles and that identification and specification of the abilities that define their roles can result in more effective and efficient teaching.  相似文献   
4.
R-mode factor analysis was applied to characterize the chemical composition of human teeth investigated by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. The approach developed in this study enabled the separation between essential mineral teeth components and the pollutants deposited in teeth tissues during the human life. The three independent sources of metals incorporated in human teeth were found. The first source, representing about 43% of the variance of the concentration data, was characterized by pollutant elements of power industry emissions. The second factor was loaded with toxic elements of general urban pollution. The third factor represented the tooth source as it contained mainly large fractions of the mineral components of the tooth tissue as Ca and K.  相似文献   
5.
膀胱肿瘤2350例临床病理学特点分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨膀胱肿瘤的发病现状、总体趋势和病理特点.方法 整理1980-2007年2350例膀胱肿瘤病理档案,分为1980-1989、1990-1999和2000-2007年3个时间段.应用SPSS 13.0软件分析3时间段患者性别、年龄及肿瘤组织学类型间的关系.结果 2350例膀胱肿瘤中男1854例,女496例.良性92例,恶性2258例,膀胱恶性肿瘤的发病人数逐年上升.发病高峰年龄从50~69岁推迟到60~79岁.1980-1989、1990-1999和2000-2007年3个时间段中男、女恶性肿瘤病例数分别为524例和113例(4.64:11 00)、589例和164例(3.59:1.00)、675例和193例(3.50:1.00),男性约为女性的3.80倍;3时间段男性发生膀胱尿路上皮癌年龄分别为(57.5±11.7)、(62.6±12.3)、(65.9±11.3)岁,女性分别为(58.7±13.6)、(60.7±12.1)、(65.8±12.0)岁,男女各年龄段分别比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).男性发生鳞状细胞癌、尿路上皮癌和腺癌年龄分别为(68.05±9.7)、(59.85±14.1)、(63.4±9.9)岁,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   
6.
Currently available approaches for the design of occupational case-control studies are reviewed. An accompanying paper reviews methods of analysis. We commence by drawing a distinction between cohort-based and registry-based studies. Methods for selecting cases and controls are then reviewed, including cumulative incidence and incidence density sampling, matching, sources of controls, and issues in control selection. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the case-control approach are summarized.  相似文献   
7.
Many epidemiological studies have shown the magnitude and seriousness of mental disorders in developing countries. However, mental health care remains unsatisfactory owing to lack of skilled manpower and many other social and medical priorities. General practitioners and other health personnel can significantly help in extending mental health care provided they receive adequate training during their medical curriculum. With this aim, the Department of Psychiatry at Addis Ababa University runs a 6-week full-time course for undergraduate medical students. Its chief objectives, teaching methods, achievements and shortcomings are discussed in the paper.  相似文献   
8.
目的 探讨老年人急性阑尾炎的临床特点,更好地把握腹腔镜阑尾切除(LA)术的方法和特点。方法 回顾分析50例老年人急性阑尾炎LA的临床资料。结果 LA均获成功,患者全部治愈,无严重的并发症发生,肠功能恢复时间及住院时间均缩短。结论 老年人反应迟钝,阑尾炎进展快,易发生坏疽及穿孔,合并症多,手术风险较高,LA是安全、可行的,除个别腹膜后阑尾炎外,其余均可施行LA。  相似文献   
9.
Background The skin microdiallysis technique makes it possible to measure histamine release in intact human skin in vivo directly. In this study we have used the microdialysis technique to characterize histamine release by codeine after intracutaneous injectioin and following skin challenge by a novel atraumatic delivery technique. Objective The purpose of the study was to compare histamine release in human skin by codeine. delivered by an intraprobe drug delivery system (IPD) and intracutaneous injections (ICT), with respect to dose-response relations, kinetics of histamine appearance and decay, corelations between histamine release and skin respones, and reproducibility. Methods Hollow dialysis fibres were inserted intradermally in 12 healthy subjects. Twelve fibres were inserted in each subjects, six fibres in each arm. Each fibre was perfused at a rate of 3 μL/min, and samples were collected in 2 min fractions. By the IPD technique, codeine was administrered to the skin by adding codeine to the perfusion medium. Sequential IPD challenges were performed in one arm. and ICTs were done on the other arm. Results Sixfold serial dilutions of codeine (0.01-3 mg/mL) caused a significant doserelated histamine release by ICT and IPD. Peak histamine release was found within the first 4 min after skin challenge by ICT and IPD, followed by a fast decline with a dialysate histamine half life of approximately 2-3 min. Peak hisamine release was linearly correlates with cumulative release of the 20 min sampling period, and histamine release correlated with weal soze. The coefficient of variation on peak histamine releae was 18.9% and 4.8% for codeine ICT and IPD, respectively. Conclusioin We have described in detail codeine-induced histamine release in intact human skin in vivo by the microdialysis technique. It was possible to administer codeine atraumaticallyl to the skin by intraprobe delivery. The skin microdialysis codeine atraumaticallly to the skin by intraprobe delivery. The skin microdialysis technique opens up possibilities for measurement of infllammatory mediators release in normal and diseases skin, and it will be possible to deliver immunopharmacologically active drugsto the skin by intraprobe delivery.  相似文献   
10.
目的:为了更完全地切除中颅凹底内外沟通性肿瘤。方法:采用经过改良的Mickey额颞颞下窝入路。其改良主要是将额骨瓣连同其表面附着的颞肌以及游离后的眶颧骨块一并向下翻开,并将手术程序作了相应改变。结果:成功切除了13例肿瘤。术后3例恢复了轻工作,6例能自主生活,3例生活仍需别人照顾,1例复发未再次手术。结论:采用改良的额颞颞下窝入路对中颅凹底内外沟通性肿瘤暴露充分,切除广泛。Mickey入路改良的优点:颞肌血运的保留,有利于骨瓣与正常颅骨的早期融合。同时颞肌附着点的保留,有利于咀嚼功能。  相似文献   
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