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1.
Oliver CW  Burke C 《Injury》2004,35(10):1025-1030
The centenarian population is increasing yet there is little about their morbidity and mortality rates following hip fracture. The aim was to review centenarians treated for proximal femoral fractures in Edinburgh describing treatment outcomes in relation to mortality, walking ability and residential status comparing centenarians with a the more typical hip fracture population. In this retrospective review, 18 centenarians sustaining hip fractures in Edinburgh between 1998 and 2002 were compared to 18 randomly selected "normal" hip fracture patients aged 75-83 years. Centenarian in-hospital, 1 and 4 month mortality was 11.1, 33.3 and 50%, respectively, versus 0, 0 and 5.6% in the normal group. Centenarian 4 month mortality was significantly greater than that of the normal group (Fisher's Exact Test, P = 0.00723). A total of 22.2% of centenarians regained pre-fracture walking ability compared to 58.8% of the normal patients. A total 28.6% of centenarians could continue living independently post-fracture compared to 69.2% of the normal group.  相似文献   
2.
Background Echocardiography has been shown to be a valuable resource in the diagnosis of many cardiac conditions, and can be used in all age groups, from the fetus to the oldest old. In the context of an increasingly aging population, the impact and utility of echocardiography in centenarians is largely unknown. This study is to determine whether echocardiography in centenarians aids in making clinical patient management decisions. Methods A retrospective review of echocardiograms from 1986 to 2014, at two affiliated tertiary centers, in individuals who were 100 years or older at the time of the examination. Patient and echocardiogram characteristics, management decisions based on echocardiography, and mortality were documented. Results 114 centenarians had echocardiograms, with ages ranging from 100 to 107 years (101 ± 1.4 years). In 82 of the centenarians evaluated (72%), no changes in management occurred as a consequence of the echocardiogram. From all management changes directly related to the echocardiogram, 81% (n = 26) of these corresponded to medication adjustments; interventional or surgical procedures followed the echocardiogram only in 4% (n = 5) of the total number of centenarians. Echocardiogram-based changes in management were only significant in patients that were referred for congestive heart failure (P = 0.02). After the echocardiogram was performed, 1-month and 1-year mortality were 15% and 47%, respectively. The median survival after the echocardiogram was obtained was 13 months (range 0.03 to 145 months), with no difference if there was a change or no change in management (P = 0.21). Conclusions Among centenarians undergoing echocardiography, despite additional diagnostic information, echocardiograms in centenarians influence management in a minority of cases, most commonly in the form of medication changes for treatment of heart failure. A significant proportion of centenarians are deceased within a year of undergoing echocardiographic assessment. These findings may question the overall utility of echocardiography in these late survivors.  相似文献   
3.
Our previous work revealed that 88% of centenarians delay or escape the age-related lethal diseases cardiac disease, stroke and diabetes. In the cases of those having a history of cancer we have observed anecdotes of centenarians presenting with large primary tumors that would have otherwise been expected to have metastasized and to have been lethal. However, these tumors were removed without consequence. To better understand the relationship between cancer and exceptional longevity, we quantified age of cancer diagnoses, life-time clinically evident cancer prevalence, tobacco use and family histories through medical record review and interviews. One thousand one hundred and forty-three subjects were studied revealing 20% (N=152) of female and 22% (N=80) of male centenarians with a history of non-skin cancer. The most common cancers were prostate (11.7% of males), breast (8.2% of females), and colon (5.7%). The average age of diagnosis was 80.5 years compared to 63.2 years in the general population according to National Cancer Institute SEER data. Similar delays were noted when age of onset was examined according to specific type of cancer. In conclusion, the age of diagnosis of cancer is relatively delayed in those who live to 100 years. Some cancers are very rare among these individuals suggesting that there are certain cancers that may be incompatible with survival to extreme old age.  相似文献   
4.
Despite evidence of a substantial genetic component, the genetic factors that underlie longevity in humans remain to be identified. Previous genome-wide linkage and association studies have not found strong evidence for the contribution of common variants besides the APOE gene, suggesting the role of rare variants in human longevity. To discover rare variants that might contribute to longevity, we selected 988 candidate genes and performed a pilot study to identify novel non-synonymous variants in 6 Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians older than 105. Our candidate genes act in pathways implicated in aging and longevity, including neurodegeneration, cognitive function, lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and genome maintenance. By implementing custom-designed Agilent SureSelect target capture and next-generation sequencing, we discovered a total of 89 novel non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and validated 51 nsSNPs by iPLEX MassArray assays. Genotyping analysis of these novel SNPs in 410 Ashkenazi Jewish controls and 390 centenarians showed significant enrichment (5.3 fold, = 0.02) of the p.Y318C variant in PMS2 and significant depletion (7.5 fold, = 0.04) of the p.V465A variant in GABRR3 in centenarians compared to controls. Our study presents the potential of targeted next-generation sequencing for discovery of rare but functional genetic variation which may lead to exceptional longevity in humans.  相似文献   
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目的描述和分析BMI、腰围、腰臀比、腰高比、小腿围、腰围小腿围比值(WCR)、脂质蓄积指数(LAP)、内脏脂肪指数(VAI)、中国内脏脂肪指数(CVAI)、身体形态指数、中国身体形态指数(CABSI)和身体圆度指数与海南百岁老人全因死亡间的关联。方法整群抽样方法抽取的海南百岁老人共1 002人。随访时间的M(Q1, Q3)为4.16(1.31, 5.04)年, 结局为全因死亡, 使用Cox比例风险回归分析各肥胖相关身体测量指标与全因死亡的关联, 并使用受试者工作特征曲线曲线下面积(AUC)进行比较。结果总人群中小腿围对全因死亡的判定能力最强, AUC为0.61(95%CI:0.57~0.64), 分性别结果与总人群一致(P<0.05)。WCR次之(AUC为0.58), 再次是BMI、LAP和腰围, AUC分别为0.55、0.55和0.54, 而CABSI、腰臀比和VAI的判定能力较弱, AUC分别为0.51、0.50和0.50。结论本研究比较了12项肥胖相关指标与海南百岁老人全因死亡间的关联, 发现小腿围的预测判定能力最好, 且呈剂量反应关系, 提示可作为长寿老人死亡风险预测的参...  相似文献   
7.
 Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational modification of nuclear proteins which is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and represents an immediate response of eukaryotic cells to oxidative and other types of DNA damage. Previously a strong correlation had been detected between maximal poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in permeabilized mononuclear leukocytes of various mammalian species and species-specific life span. To study a possible relation between longevity and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in humans we measured maximal oligonucleotide-stimulated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in permeabilized, Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from a French population of 49 centenarians and 51 controls aged 20–70 years. Maximal enzyme activity was significantly higher in centenarians than in controls [median of controls: 9035 cpm/106 cells (lower quartile: 6156; upper quartile: 11,410); median of centenarians: 10,380 cpm/106 cells (lower quartile: 7994; upper quartile: 12,991); P=0.031 by Mann-Whitney U test]. In a subset of 16 controls and 24 centenarians, cellular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase content was determined by quantitative western blotting, thus allowing the calculation of specific enzyme activity. The latter was significantly higher in centenarians (P=0.006), the median value for centenarians being about 1.6-fold that of controls. Specific poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity was a more powerful parameter for differentiating between centenarians and controls than enzyme activity relative to cell number. In addition, in a genetic association study we analyzed 437 DNA samples (239 centenarians and 198 controls) by PCR amplification of a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat located in the promoter region of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene in an attempt to detect an association between this polymorphic marker and variability of enzyme activity or human longevity. However, this genetic analysis revealed no significant enrichment of any of the alleles or genotypes identified among centenarians or controls, but its power was limited by the relatively weak hetero-zygosity of this polymorphic marker in our population (51%). Viewed together with previous results on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in various mammalian species, the present data provide further evidence for the notion that longevity is associated with a high poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation capacity. Received: 5 September 1997 / Accepted: 10 November 1997  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundCentenarians represent an intriguing model for healthy aging. They appear to have adapted well to their lives and are likely to be influenced by previous lifestyle habits, and their life satisfaction is influenced by mental and psychological health.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore centenarians’ lifestyles by sex and their potential contribution to life satisfaction.MethodIn order to examine the common characteristics of centenarians in Hainan and the potential differences between men and women, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 223 cognitively-intact Chinese centenarians. We also explored the association between life satisfaction and other physical factors using binary logistic regression and principal component analysis.ResultsThe results provided supplementary evidence indicating that women tended to live longer than men. However, the difference in life satisfaction observed between the sexes was not obvious (p = 0.659). The proportion of physical factors between each sex showed a similar trend in distribution. Most centenarians’ lifestyles were similar, in that they followed a light diet and did not smoke or drink alcohol. Centenarians in better physical condition and with higher self-assessment, as well as those with “alcohol and tobacco habits,” were more satisfied with their life. Of the factors examined in the binary logistic regression, sleep satisfaction was the only factor significantly positively correlated with life satisfaction (p < .01).ConclusionThe research findings elucidated physiological and psychological health in centenarians and provided a model of healthy aging strategies for reference purposes.  相似文献   
9.
[目的]了解海南省百岁人群中CETP基因I405V和TaqIB突变位点的多态性。[方法]收集海南省276例百岁老人全血DNA,利用AS-PCR结合测序的方法检测CETP基因I405V及TaqIB突变位点的多态性。[结果]I405V多态位点II、IV、VV3种基因型频率分别为28.6%、55%、16.3%,I和V的等位基因频率分布为56.2%和43.8%。TaqIB位点B1B1、B1B2、B2B23种基因型的发生率10.7%,73.6%,19.4%,B1和B2等位基因频率分布为47.3%和52.7%。[结论]海南百岁人群中CETP基因I405V和TaqIB多态性与已报道的海南汉族普通人群存在明显差异,可能与海南长寿密切相关。  相似文献   
10.
Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the human brain, the prevalence of which increases with advancing age. The features of AGD in autopsied brains from 32 centenarians were studied using phosphorylated tau (AT8) immunostaining combined with Gallyas–Braak staining and 4R tau-specific antibody (RD4) immunostaining. Ten of 32 centenarians were diagnosed as AGD, yielding an overall frequency of 31.3%. In the demented group, nine (39.1%) of 23 cases were found with argyrophilic grains (AGs), while in the non-demented group, AGs were found in only one (11.1%) of nine cases, the difference between them being significant (P<0.05). Among the cases with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), five (41.7%) of 12 were found with AGs. One (25%) of four cases with senile dementia with tangles (SDT) also suffered from AGD. Dementia caused by “pure” AGD accounted for 13% (3/23) among demented subjects. Our findings indicated that there is a high frequency of AGD in centenarians. In agreement with previous studies, we favor the view that age may be one of the risk factors for AGD.  相似文献   
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