Human influenza A (H5N1) cases, urban areas of People's Republic of China, 2005-2006

We investigated potential sources of infection for 6 confirmed influenza A (H5N1) patients who resided in urban areas of People's Republic of China. None had known exposure to sick poultry or poultry that died from illness, but all had visited wet poultry markets before illness.     

中小工厂防尘中适用除尘器的选型

目的探讨依据不同生产工序粉尘粒度分级组成和除尘器粒度分级效率测定结果进行适用除尘器选型的可行性。方法使用WY-1型冲击式尘粒分级仪测定粉尘的粒径分级组成和除尘器的粒径分级除尘效率。结果（1）①大理石和玉石雕刻、陶瓷、建材、耐火、砖瓦、石粉厂的轮碾、筛分，②陶瓷修坯，③玻璃配料工序的粉尘〉5岬的分别为90．4％～74％、66％、46％；（2）旋风、冲击水浴、冲击喷雾、滤袋、高压静电除尘器对粒径为5μm粉尘的分级除尘效率分别为73．0％、92．1％-98．4％、99．2％、〉99．0％、〉99．0％；计算得出上述除尘器对不同工序总除尘效率。根据有效、适用、经济要求，进行了不同粉尘作业适用除尘器的选型。结论根据现场调查测定结果可进行不同粉尘作业工序适用除尘器的选型，此为防尘设计提供依据。     

Human Cancer Risk from the Inhalation of Formaldehyde in Different Indoor Environments in Guiyang City, China

This study was conducted to estimate the risk of human cancer from the inhalation of formaldehyde in different indoor environments in Guiyang City in China. Offices had the highest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.11 mg/m(3)) and classrooms had the lowest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.04 mg/m(3)). The cancer risk levels in different indoor environments ranged from 6.96 x 10(-6 )to 2.48 x 10(-4) and were greater than the acceptable cancer risk 1 x 10(-6). High human formaldehyde risks imply a critical influence on human health in Guiyang City. The highest cancer risk values occurred in bedrooms (ranging from 1.87 in 10,000 to 2.48 in 10,000). For office workers, offices were the highest risk environment after bedrooms where formaldehyde concentration levels were identified. Students were the most sensitive population, and the highest priority should be given to protecting their health in indoor environments. Regulations and standards for low emission materials and public education in relation to indoor pollution are highly recommended in China to protect human health.     

A New High-throughput Real-time PCR Assay for the Screening of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Broiler Fecal Samples from China

ObjectiveAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global concern and is especially severe in China. To effectively and reliably provide AMR data, we developed a new high-throughput real-time PCR assay based on microfluidic dynamic technology, and screened multiple AMR genes in broiler fecal samples.MethodsA high-throughput real-time PCR system with an new designed integrated fluidic circuit assay were performed AMR gene detection. A total of 273 broiler fecal samples collected from two geographically separated farms were screened AMR genes.ResultsThe new assay with limits of detection ranging from 40.9 to 8,000 copies/reaction. The sensitivity rate, specificity rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and correct indices were 99.30%, 98.08%, 95.31%, 99.79%, and 0.9755, respectively. Utilizing this assay, we demonstrate that AMR genes are widely spread, with positive detection rates ranging from 0 to 97.07% in 273 broiler fecal samples. bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, mcr-1, fexA, cfr, optr A, and intl1 showed over 80% prevalence. The dissemination of AMR genes was distinct between the two farms.ConclusionsWe successfully established a new high-throughput real-time PCR assay applicable to AMR gene surveillance from fecal samples. The widespread existence of AMR genes detected in broiler farms highlights the current and severe problem of AMR.     

Mortality Risk Attributed to Ambient Temperature in Nanjing,China

<正>We examined the attributed fractions of all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality that were attributed to extreme and moderate cold and heat during 2010-2016 in Nanjing. Our results showed that 12.81%, 19.78%, and 25.33% of all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities, respectively, were attributed to temperature. The highest attributed fractions for three types of     

Projections of Temperature-related Non-accidental Mortality in Nanjing,China

<正>The health effects of climatic changes constitute an important research area, yet few researchers have reported city-or region-specific projections of temperature-related deaths based on assumptions about mitigation and adaptation. Herein, we provide quantitative projections for the number of additional deaths expected in the future, owing to the cold and heat in the city of Nanjing, China, based on 31 global circulation models(GCMs), two representative     

Establishment of a sandwich ELISA method for detection of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum samples of hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Objective To establish a sandwich ELISA method for detecting vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in sera of population and the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods Full length and two truncated human VEGF cDNA sequences were amplified from a commercial plasmid pBLAST49-hVEGF by PCR and inserted into the prokaryotic-expression plasmid pET-32a or pGEX-2T. Various VEGF proteins were expressed and purified from E. coli in His-Trx or GST fusion forms. The specific VEGF antibodies were elicited in experimental rabbits and mice by immunization of the full length VEGF fusion protein His-Trx-VEGF1-165. After purification of antibodies with chromatograph of Protein G, a sandwich ELISA technique was established. Serum VEGF levels were evaluated in 229 adults and 291 HCC patients. Results SDS-PAGE displayed that the molecular weights of the expressed full length （His-Trx-VEGF1-165）, N-terminal （His-Trx-VEGF1-100） and C-terminal （GST-VEGF100-165） human VEGF fusion proteins were about 38KD, 31KD, and 33KD, respectively. Western blots confirmed that the prepared antisera were able to recognize both prokaryoticly and eukaryoticly expressed recombinant VEGF proteins. Assays of serially diluted His-Trx-VEGF1-100 by the established sandwich ELISA method showed that the linear range of the standard curve was 0.625-320 ng/mL, with the squared correlation coefficient R^2=0.991. Screening of a serum panel containing 291 serum samples of HCC patients and 229 health adults revealed that the average VEGF level in HCC patients was higher than that in healthy controls, with a statically significant difference. Conclusion The established sandwich ELISA reflects the level of serum VEGF and provide scientific basis for screening metastasis and recurrence of HCC using serum VEGF as an index.     

Impact of Enterprise Ownership and Size on Registered Hematotoxicity in Benzene-exposed Workers

正Benzene is a classified as ahuman carcinogen that can cause myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenousleukemia~([1]).This compound is also a potent toxin suppressing the bone marrow.Accordingly,benzene causes serious hematological adverse effects,such as pancytopenia and aplastic     

化学性危害限量标准中危险性评估技术的应用

目的探讨危险性评估技术在化学性危害的危险性评估中的合理应用,为进一步制定有关限量标准提供科学依据。方法结合国内外危险性评估技术的应用,按照危险性评估的框架对不同种类的化学性危害的危险性评估技术进行分析。结果从危害的识别、危害特征的描述、暴露量评估、危险性特征的描述四个方面系统地论述了不同类别的化学性危害的危险性评估技术的选择与应用。结论危险性评估技术已经在世界范围内得到广泛认可,在实际工作中针对特定的化学危害采用适宜的评估技术是为食品安全决策提供科学依据的基础和保障。     

CSG中医辨证分型与血浆MTL、GAS、SS水平关系的临床研究

目的为探讨慢性浅表性胃炎肝胃不和、脾胃虚弱、脾胃湿热三种中医证型与胃泌素、胃动素和生长抑素三种胃肠激素水平的关系。方法将CSG患者肝胃不和、脾胃虚弱、脾胃湿热三种中医证型各25例及健康成年人25例，用放射免疫分析法测定空腹血浆MTL、GAS、SS。结果CSG的三种中医辨证分型脾胃湿热、脾胃虚弱、肝胃不和的血浆MTL、GAS、SS水平，不仅与健康人有显著差异，且CSG的三种中医辨证分型与血浆MTL、GAS、SS存在着较密切的关系，并有一定的规律性。结论检测CSG患者的血浆MTL、GAS、SS水平，对提高CSG的中医辨证分型有积极意义，结果可作为中医临床参考。