Which gastric cancer patients could benefit from staging laparoscopy? A GIRCG multicenter cohort study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate which gastric cancer patients could benefit the most from staging laparoscopy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out, including 316 (216 cM- and 100 cM+) gastric cancer patients who had undergone staging laparoscopy between 2010 and 2020 in seven GIRCG centers. A model including easily-accessible clinical, biochemical and pathological markers was constructed to predict the risk of carcinomatosis. ROC curve and decision curve analyses were used to verify its accuracy and net benefit.ResultsIn the cM-population staging laparoscopy could detect 67 cases who had peritoneal carcinomatosis or positive cytology, for a yield of 30.5%. In cM-patients, intestinal type tumors (0.25, 0.12–0.51; p = 0.002), cT4 tumors (2.18, 1.11–4.28; p = 0.023) and cancers of the lower third (0.31, 0.14–0.70; p = 0.004) were associated with the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and/or positive cytology. The ROC curve analysis of the model including the three variables showed an AUC of 0.75 (0.68–0.81, p < 0.001). The decision curve analyses showed that the model had a higher net benefit than the treating all strategy between threshold probabilities of 15 and 50%.ConclusionsStaging laparoscopy is a useful tool to address the patient with gastric cancer to the most adequate treatment. In cM-patients the assessment of the location of the tumor, the Lauren's histotype and the cT status may help in providing additional elements in indicating or not the use of staging laparoscopy.     

TOTALLY LAPAROSCOPIC LIVER RESECTION: NEW BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE

Background

Despite the increasing number of laparoscopic hepatectomy, there is little published experience.

Aim

To evaluate the results of a series of hepatectomy completely done with laparoscopic approach.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of 61 laparoscopic liver resections. Were studied conversion to open technique; mean age; gender, mortality; complications; type of hepatectomy; surgical techniques applied; and simultaneous operations.

Results

The conversion to open technique was necessary in one case (1.6%). The mean age was 54.7 years (17-84), 34 were men. Three patients (4.9%) had complications. One died postoperatively (mortality 1.6%) and no deaths occurred intraoperatively. The most frequent type was right hepatectomy (37.7%), followed by bisegmentectomy (segments II-III and VI-VII). Were not used hemi-Pringle maneuvers or assisted technic. Six patients (8.1%) underwent simultaneous procedures (hepatectomy and colectomy).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is feasible procedure and can be considered the gold standard for various conditions requiring liver resections for both benign to malignant diseases.     

我国腹腔镜D2 淋巴结清扫术联合远端胃癌切除术治疗进展期远端胃癌安全性和疗效的系统评价

目的 系统评价我国腹腔镜D2淋巴结清扫术联合远端胃癌切除术治疗进展期远端胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed数据库、Cochrane图书馆、中国科学引文数据库（China science citation database,CSCD）、万方数据库（Wanfang）、中文科技期刊数据库（China science and technology journal database,CSTJ）、中国生物医学文献数据库（China biomedical literature database,CBM）和中国学术期刊网络出版总库（China academic journal network publishing database,CAJD）数据库,检索时限均从建库至2013年6月。采用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入了7个临床随机对照试验,共548例进展期胃癌患者。Meta分析结果显示：与传统开放式远端胃癌切除术（CODG）相比,腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌切除术 （LADG）的术中出血量少（MD =-94.02,95% CI：-140.96～-47.07）、术后住院时间短（MD =-3.66,95% CI：-5.76～-1.57）、术后下床活动时间早（MD =-1.95,95% CI：-2.74～-1.17）、肛门排气时间早（MD =-1.67,95% CI：-2.05～-1.30）、总并发症发生率低（OR=0.26,95% CI：0.14～0.51）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.050）,但LADG组的手术时间长于CODG组（MD =35.01,95% CI：10.41～59.61,P=0.005）。2组间淋巴结清扫数量比较差异无统计学意义 （MD =-0.24,95% CI：-0.99～0.51,P=0.530）。结论 LADG的近期疗效及安全性均优于传统CODG,但其手术时间长,远期疗效尚需进一步探究。     

A Collective Review on Mesh-Based Repair of Umbilical and Epigastric Hernias

In accordance with the tension-free principles for other hernias, umbilical and epigastric hernia repair should probably be mesh-based. The number of randomized studies is increasing, most of them showing significantly less recurrences with the use of a mesh. Different devices are available and are applicable by several approaches. The objective of this review was to evaluate recent literature for the different types of mesh for umbilical and epigastric hernia repair and recurrences after mesh repair. A multi-database search was conducted to reveal relevant studies since 2001 reporting mesh-based repair of primary umbilical/epigastric hernia and their outcomes in adult patients. A total of 20 studies were included, 15 of them solely involved umbilical hernias, whereas the remaining studies included epigastric hernias as well. A median of 124 patients (range, 17–384) was investigated per study. Three quarters of the included studies had a follow-up of at least 2 years. Six studies described the results of laparoscopic approach, of which one reported a recurrence rate of 2.7 %; in the remaining studies, no recurrences occurred. Two comparative studies reported a lower incidence of complications and postoperative pain after laparoscopic repair compared to open repair. Seventeen studies reported results of open techniques, of which seven studies showed no recurrence. Other studies reported recurrence rates up to 3.1 %. A wide range of complication rates were reported (0–33 %). This collective review showed acceptable recurrence rates for mesh-based umbilical and epigastric hernia repair. A wide range of devices was investigated. A tendency toward more complications after laparoscopic repair was found compared to open repair.     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床体会

目的:探讨后腹腔镜技术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2011年12月至2013年6月为25例肾盂旁囊肿患者行后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的临床资料。均全身麻醉,建立后腹腔操作空间,沿输尿管上段寻及肾门,充分暴露肾盂旁囊肿,尽量切除囊肿壁,壁缘电灼,囊腔内塞入带蒂脂肪组织。结果:23例手术顺利完成,1例因分离时损伤肾静脉分支、1例因囊肿位置无法暴露中转开放手术。手术时间44~130 min,平均(65±26)min;术中出血量10~120 ml,平均(40±18)ml,无尿漏等并发症发生。术后随访至今,均无复发。结论:肾盂旁囊肿是肾囊肿的特殊类型,解剖结构复杂,手术操作难度较大,后腹腔镜技术可清晰地解剖肾门组织,充分暴露肾盂旁囊肿,是安全、微创、有效的治疗手段。     

Laparoscopic-Assisted Percutaneous Endoscopic Transgastrostomy Jejunostomy

Background and Objectives:

New therapeutic protocols for patients with end-stage Parkinson disease include a carbidopa/levodopa combination using continuous, modulated enteral administration via a portable pump. The typical approach involves a percutaneous endoscopic transgastrostomy jejunostomy (PEG-J), which requires a combination of procedures designed to ensure that no organ is interposed between the abdominal wall and the gastric surface. Lack of transillumination in maximal endoscopic light settings is a major contraindication for PEG-J, and we decided to use a different approach to establish enteric access for long-term medication delivery via pump, using a minimally invasive procedure.

Methods:

In all patients, we performed a laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous transgastrostomy jejunostomy (LAPEG-J) after an unsuccessful endoscopic transillumination.

Results:

Five patients with end-stage Parkinson disease were referred to our department after successful therapeutic testing with administration of levodopa/carbidopa via naso-jejunal tube. All patients failed the endoscopic transillumination during the endoscopic procedure and were considered for LAPEG-J. In all patients, the LAPEG-J procedure was uneventful. The most common reason identified for failed transillumination was a high position of the stomach, followed by interposition of the liver or colon between the stomach and anterior abdominal wall. There were no complications regarding the LAPEG-J procedure, and all patients were discharged during the second postprocedural day.

Conclusions:

LAPEG-J provides a simple and safe option for placing a jejunostomy after an unsuccessful PEG-J attempt.     

Meta-Analysis of Drainage Versus No Drainage After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background and Objectives:

Routine drainage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the role of drains in reducing complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods:

An electronic search of Medline, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library database from January 1990 to June 2013 was performed to identify randomized clinical trials that compare prophylactic drainage with no drainage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The odds ratio for qualitative variables and standardized mean difference for continuous variables were calculated.

Results:

Twelve randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1939 patients randomized to a drain (960) versus no drain (979). The morbidity rate was lower in the no drain group (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 3.10; P = .003). The wound infection rate was lower in the no drain group (odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 4.51; P = .01). Abdominal pain 24 hours after surgery was less severe in the no drain group (standardized mean difference, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 3.34; P < .0001). No significant difference was present with respect to the presence and quantity of subhepatic fluid collection, shoulder tip pain, parenteral ketorolac consumption, nausea, vomiting, and hospital stay.

Conclusion:

This study was unable to prove that drains were useful in reducing complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

食管胃结合部腺癌的微创外科治疗

食管胃结合部腺癌具有相对独立的临床病理特征和治疗策略。随着微创外科的快速发展,部分早期食管胃结合部腺癌可通过腹腔镜或内镜手术获得治愈性切除。食管胃结合部腺癌的微创外科治疗应遵循恶性肿瘤根治手术的基本原则,重视术前分期评估的准确性,严格把握适应证,合理选择微创外科治疗方式。未来,应加强微创外科治疗的技术培训,进一步规范食管胃结合部腺癌微创外科治疗技术,并开展多中心、前瞻性、随机对照临床研究,明确食管冒结合部腺痛微创外科治疗的安伞件和疗效。     

The effects of video games on laparoscopic simulator skills

Background

Recently, there has been a growth in studies supporting the hypothesis that video games have positive effects on basic laparoscopic skills. This review discusses all studies directly related to these effects.

Data Sources

A search in the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed using synonymous terms for video games and laparoscopy. All available articles concerning video games and their effects on skills on any laparoscopic simulator (box trainer, virtual reality, and animal models) were selected.

Conclusions

Video game experience has been related to higher baseline laparoscopic skills in different studies. There is currently, however, no standardized method to assess video game experience, making it difficult to compare these studies. Several controlled experiments have, nevertheless, shown that video games cannot only be used to improve laparoscopic basic skills in surgical novices, but are also used as a temporary warming-up before laparoscopic surgery.