进展期胃癌S-1与5-FU基础化疗有效性和安全性Meta分析

目的 S-1被应用于进展期胃癌一线化疗中,其疗效也备受关注.本研究评估S-1基础化疗对比5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil,5-FU)基础化疗方案在进展期胃癌一线化疗中的有效性和安全性.方法 用“胃癌、替吉奥或S-1、5-氟尿嘧啶和随机对照研究”等检索词,在Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、ASCO会议摘要、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)等检索相关的临床随机对照试验,检索时间截止至2016-10.提取总生存期、无疾病进展生存期、有效率、3～4级不良反应等数据.采用Revman 5.3和STATA 12.0进行数据分析.结果 共纳入18个随机对照研究,3 581例患者.结果显示,S-1基础化疗在总生存期(HR=0.92,95％CI为0.84～1.01,P=0.07)及无疾病进展生存期(HR=0.90,95％CI为0.76～1.07,P=0.25)方面与5-FU基础化疗方案差异无统计学意义,但有更高的有效率,RR=1.46,95％CI为1.22～1.74,P＜0.001.S-1基础化疗方案3～4级中性粒细胞减少(P＜0.001)、白细胞减少(P＜0.001)、血小板减少(P=0.01)、口腔炎(P＜0.001)和脱发(P=0.02)等不良反应较5-FU基础化疗发病率更低,差异有统计学意义.结论 相比于5-FU基础化疗,S-1基础化疗在进展期胃癌一线治疗中均是有效且更安全的化疗方案.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究的Meta分析

目的：了解阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应差异。方法：应用Meta分析对15项研究阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究的文章进行再分析，评价其合并效应量的大小和综合显著性检验。结果：①阿立哌唑治疗前后的自身对照，合并效应量d=3.224，95％CI（0.912，5.537），综合显著性检验X^2=8.81，P〈0.001，提示阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症前后症状学变化有非常显著性差异，效应极强。②阿立哌唑与利培酮的组间比较，d=-0.028，95％CI（-0.750，0.694），综合显著性检验X^2=0.002，P〉0.05，提示这两种药物的疗效无显著性差异，差异效应很弱。③阿立赈唑组的恶心呕吐、头晕头昏不良反应比利培酮组多，差异具有显著性（X^2=20.397，P〈0.05；X^2=10．557，P〈0．05），利培酮组的月经紊乱、体重增加、锥体外系反应等不良反应均比阿立赈唑组多，差异具有显著性（X^2=11.81－102.29，P均〈0．05），其余不良反应均无显著性差异。结论：虽然阿立哌唑与利培酮在平均8周左右的疗效无显著性差异，但不良反应却有显著不同。     

Tamsulosin as medical expulsive therapy for lower ureterolithiasis： A meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo review the evidence for tamsulosin as medical expulsive therapy in enhancing the effectiveness of distal ureteral stone clearance rate.MethodsWe searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CBM and the Cochrane Library up to October 2011. All randomized controlled trials in which tamsulosin was evaluated with distal ureterolithiasis were eligible for the analysis. Outcome measure assessed was stone clearance rate. Two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1.ResultsThirteen studies involving 1067 participants met the inclusion criteria. Study duration ranged from 7 to 42 d. The pooled analysis showed an improvement of 41% in stone clearance rate of tamsulosin as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral calculi (RR=1.41, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.70). According to stone size (6 mmRR=1.52, 1.75, 1.05, 95% CI=1.30 to 1.77, 1.25 to 2.45, 0.95 to 1.16, respectively). Adverse effects of tamsulosin, mainly retrograde ejaculation, dizziness and hypotension, were reported in 7 included trials.ConclusionTreatment with tamsulosin appears to be a safe and effective medical expulsion therapy for distal ureterolithiasis. To make a definite clinical recommendation to use tamsulosin as medical expulsive treatment for distal ureteral calculi, high quality multicentric, randomized, double blinded, controlled trials are necessary to prove its efficacy.     

Safety and effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicinal herbs for diabetic foot: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Objective

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs (TCMHs) as an adjunctive treatment for diabetic foot (DF).

A Meta-Analysis of Quality of Life for Abdominoperineal Excision of Rectum versus Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer

Background Avoiding a permanent stoma following rectal cancer excision is believed to improve quality of life (QoL), but evidence from comparative studies is contradictory. The aim of this study was to compare QoL following abdominoperineal excision of rectum (APER) with that after anterior resection (AR) in patients with rectal cancer. Methods A literature search was performed to identify studies published between 1966 and 2006 comparing values of QoL following APER and AR. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to combine the data. Sensitivity analyses were performed for larger studies, those of higher quality and those using self-administered QoL questionnaires. Results The outcomes for 1,443 patients from 11 studies, of whom 486 (33%) underwent APER, were included. QoL assessments were made at periods of up to 2 years following surgery. There was no significant difference in global health scores between APER and AR. Vitality (WMD −9.82; 95% CI −27.01, −2.04, P = 0.01) and sexual function (WMD −2.73; 95% CI −4.93, −0.64, P = 0.01) were improved in the AR patients. Patients with low AR had improved physical function scores in comparison with APER patients (WMD −4.67; 95% CI −9.10, −0.23; P = 0.004). Cognitive (WMD 3.57; 95% CI 1.41, 5.73; P < 0.001) and emotional function scores (WMD 3.51; 95% CI 1.40, 5.62; P < 0.001) were higher for APER patients. Conclusion Overall, when comparing APER with AR, we identified no differences in general QoL following the procedures. Individualisation of care for rectal cancer patients is essential, but a policy of avoidance of APER cannot currently be justified on the grounds of QoL alone.     

普瑞巴林治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的效果:Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析评价普瑞巴林治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的效果.方法 检索Medline、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、万方和CNKI等数据库,检索时间从1966年1月至2010年12月.收集普瑞巴林治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的随机安慰剂对照研究.采用改良Jadad法评价文献质量.以治疗8周时数字疼痛评分(NRS评分)、镇痛有效率和不良反应发生率为评价指标.采用Review Manager 4.2软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入4项研究,包括1024例患者.4项研究的Jadad评分均≥4分.分为安慰剂组和普瑞巴林组.与安慰剂组比较,普瑞巴林150、300和600 mg/d组NRS评分降低,镇痛有效率升高(P＜0.05).普瑞巴林300.mg/d组与150mg/d组间NRS评分及镇痛有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);普瑞巴林600 mg/d组NRS评分低于300 mg/d组(P＜0.05),而镇痛有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).普瑞巴林常见不良反应为头晕、嗜睡、水肿和头痛等,以轻、中度为主,不良反应发生与剂量有关.结论 普瑞巴林治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的效果好,且安全性良好,但是减轻疼痛的效果不呈剂量依赖性.     

重型乙型肝炎预后荟萃分析

目的荟萃分析重型乙型肝炎预后的影响因素。方法检索截至2009年11月公开发表的重型乙型肝炎相关的论文,提取其中反映预后相关的临床资料,包括总胆红素（TBil）、凝血酶原活动度（PTA）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、肌酐水平、临床生化指标及肝性脑病情况。用随机模型分析以标准化均数差（SMD）和相对危险度（RR）为效应量进行异质性检验和统计量合并。结果 13项研究共包含重型乙型肝炎患者2429例。生存组和死亡组中,TBil、PTA、AFP、肌酐水平在荟萃分析中均存在明显差异（P〈0.001）。研究中除肌酐和肝性脑病异质性差异无统计学意义,其他预后变量存在较大异质性,且异质性不能通过荟萃回归和分层降低。结论在荟萃分析中TBil、PTA、AFP、肝性脑病及肌酐在重型乙型肝炎病程中具有良好的预后判断价值。肝性脑病和肌酐水平在各研究中对预后判断的结果一致。然而TBil、PTA、AFP对预后的判断仍然存在较大的异质性。异质性可能来源于研究样本排除标准的差异,对于重型乙型肝炎的诊断需要一个纳入标准（PTA≤40%,TBil〉10倍正常值上限）,同时也需要相关的排除标准。这将对预后判断的准确性和诊断模型的效能有重要价值。     

腹腔镜与开腹中低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除保肛手术长期结果的meta分析

目的:通过meta分析比较腹腔镜与传统开腹全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)保肛手术治疗中低位直肠癌长期结果的差异。方法:检索Pub Med、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)、万方数据库、中国知网数据库、维普等电子数据库。收集比较腹腔镜与开腹中低位直肠癌TME保肛手术的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)、非随机对照试验(non-randomized controlled trial,non-RCT)。统计分析使用Revman 5.2软件。结果:共将6篇文献纳入meta分析,1篇RCT,5篇non-RCT,共882例患者,其中腹腔镜组477例,开腹组405例。两组切缘阳性比值比(odds ratio,OR)=1.67,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)=(0.91,3.05)(P=0.10);吻合口瘘OR=1.03,95%CI=(0.57,1.87)(P=0.91);局部复发OR=0.71,95%CI=(0.16,3.15)(P=0.65);总生存率风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=0.98,95%CI=(0.90,1.07)(P=0.67);无病生存率HR=1.02,95%CI=(0.82,1.28)(P=0.85)。两组差异均无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME保肛手术具有与传统开腹手术相似的长期结果。但目前仍需设计RCT评估患者术后长期肿瘤学结果及术后生活质量。