不同材料双J管对兔输尿管的影响

目的：观察不同材料双J管对兔输尿管的影响。方法：本实验通过三种双J管置于15例（每一种双J管5例）正常兔的输尿管内,6周后观察其对输尿管上皮的损伤,输尿管的反应变化,双J管长壳的程度,置管前后肾盂压力的变化,结果：三种双J管均产生上皮细胞的损伤,二种国产双J管所引起的输尿管反应性较小。而进口双J管较重,与之相反,国产双J管长结古石的程度远较进口双J管严重（P＜0．05）,置管6周后与管前比较肾盂压力无明显变化（P＜0．05）,结论：国产双J管有较严重的长结石的倾向,但输尿管的反应性变化较小,适合于短时间置管,进口双J管的输尿管反应性变化较重,便有较长长结石倾向,比较适合于篚置管,尽管这些为动物实验所得结果,但也可能与临床有关系。     

Optimization of uretero-intestinal anastomosis in urinary diversion: an experimental study in dogs

Summary A new antireflux uretero-ileal reimplantation technique suitable for use with bladder substitutes is presented. This procedure entails creation of a serouslined extramural tunnel. Following detubularization of the bowel segment, the adjacent flaps are approximated by continuous 4/0 non-absorbable sutures 1.5 cm from the cut edges. The ureters are laid in the trough thus fashioned. Button-holes are created in the bowel flaps and a mucosa-to-mucosa uretero-ileal anastomosis is carried out. The mucosal edges of the flaps are then approximated by one layer of continuous 4/0 (PGA) suture resulting in closure of this artificial tunnel. The feasibility and functional outcome of this technique were experimentally investigated in 8 dogs. Follow-up was carried out up to 30 weeks. Assessment by intravenous urography and ascending studies showed that the procedure is an efficient method of providing an unobstructed unidirectional flow of urine.     

女性输尿管完全重复畸形的诊治(附38例报告)

目的探讨女性输尿管完全重复畸形的诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2005年12月所收治并获得随访的38例女性输尿管完全重复畸形患者。影像学检查确定诊断,所有患者均进行手术治疗。结果术后取得满意疗效,无进行性肾积水、肾功能损害,尿失禁完全消失。结论影像学检查在女性输尿管完全重复畸形的诊断中意义重大,手术治疗可取得满意疗效。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石取石术治疗输尿管石街

目的评价输尿管镜下钬激光碎石取石术治疗体外冲击碎石(ESWL)后输尿管石街的安全性及疗效。方法本组12例均为ESWL术后输尿管石街形成并梗阻患者,经保守治疗无效,采用输尿管镜下钬激光碎石取石术并留置双J管内引流。结果所有病例输尿管石街均被清除,术中无输尿管穿孔、撕裂等并发症,无中转开放手术。结论输尿管镜下钬激光碎石取石术治疗输尿管石街是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,具有损伤小、痛苦小、效果确切、恢复快等优点。     

Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney,squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter,and sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report

The author presents a unique case of a synchronous triple carcinoma of kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder. A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hematuria and lumbago. Endoscopy and imaging modalities revealed a bladder tumor, a left ureter tumor, and a left kidney tumor. No other tumors were found in the body by imaging modalities. Cystectomy and left nephroureterectomy were performed. The bladder tumor was a large polypoid tumor consisting of pleomorphic sarcomatoid carcinoma (80%) and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (20%), both invading the deep muscle layer. There were gradual merges between the two. The sarcomatous component was composed of malignant spindle, polygonal, and giant cells. Lymphovascular permeation was pronounced. Immunohistochemically, the sarcomatous element was positive for vimentin and various types of cytokeratins (CK), while the urothelial carcinoma element was positive for various types of CK and negative for vimentin. The ureter tumor was small and obstructed the ureter lumen. It was a pure squamous cell carcinoma without a urothelial component. The ureter tumor invaded the adventitia. A mild degree of lymphovascular invasion was recognized. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for various types of CK but negative for vimentin. In the kidney, almost the entire kidney parenchyma was replaced by a tumor. The renal pelvis was broadly erosive but was free of apparent tumors. Histologically, the renal tumor was a pure squamous cell carcinoma without a urothelial component. Broad necrosis was present, and lymphovascular permeation was pronounced. The renal pelvis and calices were devoid of apparent tumor cells, but renal squamous cell carcinoma was present just beneath the pelvis and calices. Immunohistochemically, the kidney tumor was positive for various types of CK and negative for vimentin.     

移植肾输尿管梗阻的超声诊断

目的探讨超声对移植肾输尿管梗阻的诊断价值.方法应用二维超声经腹壁对移植肾输尿管进行检查,发现肾盂扩张积水者,换用高频探头重点扫查输尿管管壁及管腔,并进行动态观察.结果在758例移植肾超声检查中,发现移植肾输尿管梗阻23例.其中狭窄性梗阻14例,结石性梗阻8例,外压性梗阻1例.结论二维超声是诊断移植肾输尿管梗阻的首选方法,对结石性和外压性梗阻可明确诊断,对狭窄性梗阻可结合肾图、经皮造瘘管顺行造影来确诊.     

不同训练方法对拔除尿管后排尿功能的影响

目的　探讨留置导尿病人膀胱训练方法 ,以减少拔除尿管后各种排尿异常的发生率。方法　对留置导尿病人采取按需放尿的方法 ,并与定时放尿的常规方法对比 ,进行排尿异常发生率的差异显著性检验。结果　采取按需排尿训练法可明显减少拔除尿管后排尿异常的发生率。结论　临床上采用按需放尿的方法 ,可以大大减少拔除尿管后排尿异常的发生率。     

输尿管中下段结石并急性肾绞痛急诊输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗

目的探讨急诊输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管中下段结石并肾绞痛的效果。方法对25例输尿管中下段结石致急性肾绞痛患者行急诊输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗。结果 25例手术均获成功,肾绞痛缓解率100%,碎石成功率96%,4周后结石排净率92%。结论输尿管中下段结石导致的急性肾绞痛患者行急诊输尿管镜钬激光碎石术安全有效,排石率高。     

低剂量MSCTU在输尿管阴性结石诊断中的价值

目的 探讨低剂量多层螺旋CT尿路造影(MSCTU)在输尿管阴性结石诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析42例经输尿管镜或手术证实的输尿管结石患者的影像学资料.所有病例均为临床高度怀疑输尿管结石,而所做影像学检查均未能确诊,最后进行低剂量MSCTU检查.所有病例均进行B超及泌尿系平片(KUB)检查,其中,8例行静脉尿路造影(IVP),11例行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)平扫.所有病例的MSCT平扫及MSCTU薄层数据分别传至后处理工作站进行分析.结果 本组MSCTU的CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)为4.89mGy,辐射剂量长度乘积(DLP)为(191.16±13.96)mGy·cm.MSCT平扫明确诊断输尿管结石23例(直径4～15 mm),可疑输尿管结石14例(直径3～6mm),输尿管全程未见明确结石(阴性)5例.低剂量MSCTU明确诊断输尿管结石32例(直径3～14 mm),可疑输尿管结石6例(直径3～12 mm),阴性4例.结合低剂量MSCT平扫及MSCTU,明确诊断输尿管结石39例(直径3～14mm),与输尿管镜或手术所见一致;可疑输尿管结石2例;阴性1例.结论 低剂量MSCTU在输尿管阴性结石诊断中有重要价值,但必需与低剂量MSCT平扫联合应用.