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1.
Depressive symptoms within the range of schizophrenic syndromes constitute a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Earlier research has indicated that available depression scales are not adequate when examining mood disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. We have made an attempt to estimate the reliability and validity of the Danish version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. The external validity has been analysed in relation to the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). The internal validity has been analysed by using Loevinger's coefficient of homogeneity as the primary statistic. For the inter-observer reliability the intra-class coefficients have been calculated. It was shown that a subscale of the Calgary scale has sufficient reliability and validity.  相似文献   
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目的 探讨陕西农村30月龄幼儿的行为发育特点及其与智力及运动发展的关系。方法 运用贝利婴幼儿发展量表对977名陕西农村30月龄幼儿的智力发育、运动发展以及行为表现进行测查,采用探索性因子分析行为发育特点,采用Spearman秩相关以及偏相关分析行为发育与智力及运动发展的关系。结果 从各行为条目得分情况看,30月龄的幼儿正性情绪逐渐增加,如合作性(3.9±0.8)分、总的情绪(4.1±0.6)分、寻物的倾向性(3.9±0.7)分、持久性(4.1±0.5)分、观看兴趣(3.9±0.5)分,得分较高;负性情绪逐渐减少,如害怕(1.7±0.8)分、紧张(2.5±0.6)分、吮吸兴趣(1.1±0.5)分,得分较低;对25个行为条目进行探索性因子分析,共提取出6个公因子,分别为活动性、社会适应性、专注性、持久性、运动协调性以及亲和性,总方差贡献率为56.77%;各行为因子与智力发展的相关性均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),调整后的相关系数绝对值为0.081~0.359;活动性、专注性、持久性以及运动协调性与运动发展的相关性有统计学意义(P<0.05),调整后的相关系数绝对值为0.080~0.475。在所有的行为因子中,活动性与智力及运动发展的相关程度最高,调整后的相关系数分别为0.359、0.475。结论 良好的行为表现与幼儿的智力、运动发育存在正性关联。对幼儿的异常行为进行合理干预和早期教育,促使其良好行为的形成,有助于提高其运动能力和认知能力。  相似文献   
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We previously used a verbal ordinal rating scale to measure dyspnea. That scale was easy for subjects to use and the words provided consistency in ratings. We have recently developed a word labeled visual analog scale (LVAS) with labels placed by the subjects, retaining the advantages of a verbal scale while offering a continuous scale that generates parametric data. In a retrospective meta-analysis of data from 43 subjects, individuals differed little in their placement of words on the 100 mm LVAS (mean+/-S.D. for slight=20+/-2.5 mm, moderate=50+/-5 mm and severe=80+/-6 mm) and ratings were distributed uniformly along the scale. A significant stimulus-response correlation was obtained for both the LVAS (r(2)=0.98) and for the verbal ordinal scale (Spearman r=0.94). The resolution of the two scales differed only slightly. With meaningful verbal anchors, well-defined end-points, and clear instructions about the specific sensation to be rated, both scales provide valid measures of dyspnea.  相似文献   
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We report several studies developing a parent-rated measure of emotional distress for children in Singapore, with the key objectives being to derive a very brief valid measure of global distress. The refined item set comprised behaviourally expressed broad manifestations of emotional distress. Three developmental studies were undertaken, with the first two involving parental ratings on the measure for validation against clinician-rated distress levels, while also testing two rating options for the measure. We established clear comparative advantages to the rating anchors used in the Revised Rutter Scales. High inter-rater agreement was established across parental ratings, with the latter finding supporting objectives for the measure. Paternal scores correlated more strongly than maternal scores with clinician-generated distress scores. Additional properties of the measure were tested in a large community sample of nearly 2,000 Singapore schoolchildren in their last 2 years of primary school, allowing prevalence estimates and mean scores to be derived for each item. Here, girls and boys received identical total scores, scores were also independent of the number of children in the family and of ordinal position, and mothers returned higher scores than fathers.  相似文献   
6.
目的:研究2型糖尿病综合控制的影响因素。方法:分析213例患者年龄、性别、病程、文化程度、收入、是否医保、并发症、肥胖程度、是否减肥、空腹血糖水平等与糖尿病综合控制情况评价量表得分的关系。结果:年龄与总分负相关(r=-0.17,P<0.05),文化程度(r=0.45,P<0.01)、经济收入(r=0.25,P<0.01)与总分呈正相关,女性总分低于男性(224.10±32.11vs211.97±39.00,P<0.05),病程、家族史、是否减肥与量表有不同程度相关性,肥胖程度、空腹血糖水平及有无并发症、是否医保与总分不相关。结论:年龄、性别、文化程度、经济收入是影响糖尿病综合控制的主要因素。  相似文献   
7.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature of the validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). METHOD: A review of the 747 identified papers that used HADS was performed to address the following questions: (I) How are the factor structure, discriminant validity and the internal consistency of HADS? (II) How does HADS perform as a case finder for anxiety disorders and depression? (III) How does HADS agree with other self-rating instruments used to rate anxiety and depression? RESULTS: Most factor analyses demonstrated a two-factor solution in good accordance with the HADS subscales for Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression (HADS-D), respectively. The correlations between the two subscales varied from.40 to.74 (mean.56). Cronbach's alpha for HADS-A varied from.68 to.93 (mean.83) and for HADS-D from.67 to.90 (mean.82). In most studies an optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity was achieved when caseness was defined by a score of 8 or above on both HADS-A and HADS-D. The sensitivity and specificity for both HADS-A and HADS-D of approximately 0.80 were very similar to the sensitivity and specificity achieved by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Correlations between HADS and other commonly used questionnaires were in the range.49 to.83. CONCLUSIONS: HADS was found to perform well in assessing the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in both somatic, psychiatric and primary care patients and in the general population.  相似文献   
8.
BACKGROUND: Even though fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has been reported in nonwestern nations, there is a paucity of information on neurodevelopment in the affected children from those nations. This article reports on a study of cognitive-motor development in a group of children with FAS from a community in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. METHODS: Thirty-four children with FAS and 34 controls from grade 1 (school entry level) classes participated. The two groups comprised Afrikaans-speaking children of mixed ancestry (South African Colored) and were matched for age, sex, and family income. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales were used to assess cognitive motor development of the participants. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to test the group effect on the combined Griffiths subscales adjusting for maternal education. The results showed a significant group effect. Follow-up analyses revealed that a combination of four subscales (Speech and Hearing, Performance, Practical Reasoning, and Eye and Hand Coordination) primarily contributed to the overall effect. Although there was a marginal effect on the Personal-Social subscale, no significant effect on the Locomotor (gross motor) subscale was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the FAS group was markedly deficient only in higher-order cognitive-motor competencies.  相似文献   
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