超声检查腹主动脉粥样硬化的临床意义

原发性高血压与动脉粥样硬化的关系已为人们所熟知，本应用超声显像技术对８０例原发性高血压患腹主动脉检查结果分析认为具有重要的临床意义。     

血管性认知功能障碍与常规检查的相关性分析

目的 探讨常规检查与血管性认知功能障碍（VCI）的相关性。方法 选取2015 年1 月—2015 年 12 月在锦州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科就诊的缺血性脑卒中患者239 例，将患者分为正常组、血管性 痴呆组及血管性认知功能障碍非痴呆型组，对患者的一般资料、伴随疾病、实验室检查、颈动脉彩超及神 经心理学结果进行评估和分析。结果 3 组患者年龄和文化程度比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；3 组 患者慢性阻塞性肺疾病、高脂血症、高血压、低密度脂蛋白、血糖、总胆固醇、白蛋白及谷草转氨酶比较， 差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；正常组在神经心理学评估MoCA 和MMSE 得分上高于其他两组（P <0.05）。 结论 常规检查与VCI 具有相关性，可用于早期筛查和协助诊断VCI。     

Transgastric Ultrasonography: A New Approach for Imaging the Abdominal Structures and Vessels

For the first time, the feasibility of using transgastric ultrasonography to examine the abdominal vasculature and organs has been demonstrated. An illustrative case report details how this approach was utilized in a patient following abdominal aortic aneurysm resection, in whom surface ultrasonography was not feasible. The diagnostic potential of this new approach is discussed. Possible modifications to improve the technique and to facilitate the examination in a wider range of patients are also suggested. Further studies are needed to better define the technique and role of transgastric ultrasonography in the evaluation of the abdominal aorta and its branches and other abdominal structures. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, May 1991)     

超声内镜在上消化管疾病临床应用中的初步探讨

超声内镜已广泛应用于消化系统疾病的诊断,在鉴别上消化管黏膜或黏膜下病变的、区分消化管腔内病变还是腔外压迫具有重要的诊断意义.同时,超声内镜能够比较准确地判断癌肿浸润的深度及周围淋巴结转移情况,对食管癌、胃癌的术前TNM分期、可切除性及预后的判断均有极大的价值.现将扬州大学临床医学院消化科及胃肠外科超声内镜检查上消化管病变的结果作一初步总结.     

Flapping of the dissected intima in a case of traumatic carotid artery dissection in a jackhammer worker

We present the sonographic finding of flapping of the dissected intima inside the carotid artery in a 48‐year‐old man who suffered an acute stroke after vigorous use of a jackhammer. The dissected intima was seen to flap inside the lumen regularly and in synchrony with the vessel's pulse. There was no distal segmental stenosis. The extracranial blood flow velocities were within normal limits and transcranial Doppler examination did not reveal any velocity alteration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009     

Fibrosarcomatous transformation in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast—A case report

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous malignant tumor that usually occurs in the trunk, extremities, head, and neck but very rarely in the breast. Fibrosarcomatous transformation of DFSP is even rarer, with a higher risk of distant metastasis and poorer prognosis than DFSP. We report a case of such transformation in a DFSP in the breast. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009     

Three‐Dimensional Ultrasonography of the Fetal Vermis at 18 to 26 Weeks' Gestation

Objective. The purpose of this study was to establish the normality of the fetal vermis, ie, the time of appearance of the primary fissure, as well as its measurements between 18 and 26 weeks' gestation, using 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography. Methods. A prospective cross‐sectional study of normal singleton pregnancies was conducted. Examinations were performed with high‐resolution transabdominal ultrasonography using the axial plane in 173 fetuses between 18 and 26 weeks' gestation. Postprocessing measurements of the fetal vermis were done with 4‐dimensional software using static volume contrast imaging and tomographic ultrasound imaging in the C‐plane. Detection of the primary fissure was evaluated in all cases, and the time of appearance was documented. Results. Adequate vermis measurements were obtained in 173 fetuses. Vermian length as a function of gestational age was expressed by regression equations, and the correlation coefficients were found to be highly statistically significant (P < .001). The normal mean ± 2 SD for each gestational week was defined. The primary fissure was observed at 24 weeks' gestation in all cases, at 22 weeks in 94% of cases, and as early as 18 weeks in 40%. Conclusions. This 3D study documents the appearance of the primary fissure and presents the normal range of vermian measurements, confirming normal development of the fetal vermis starting as early as 18 weeks' gestation. It also shows an easy method for visualizing the vermis with 3D ultrasonography at every gestational week regardless of fetal presentation.     

超声造影评估不同亚型功能性消化不良 患者胃排空的价值

目的 探究超声造影评估不同亚型功能性消化不良（FD）患者胃排空的价值。方法 选择四川 省人民医院东院收治的FD 患者188 例，分为上腹痛综合征（EPS）组和餐后不适综合征（PDS）组，同时选 择85 例健康体检者作为对照组。观察禁食、0、30、60、90 和120 min 时全胃腔容积（TGCV）、胃排空率 的变化。比较患者治疗前与治疗后120 min 的胃排空率差异。结果 两组FD 患者超声与核素扫描的120 min 平均胃排空率比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。3 组不同时间点的TGCV 和胃排空率比较，差异有统计 学意义（P <0.05），3 组患者TGCV 胃排空率比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），3 组患者TGCV、胃排空 率变化趋势比较，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。EPS 组和PDS 组患者治疗前后的胃排空率比较，差异有统 计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 超声造影可以客观地评估FD 患者疗效，传统治疗方案对PDS 患者的疗效优于 EPS 患者。     

A symptomatic child with ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis

A 5-year-old boy who had pneumonia was treated in a neighboring hospital. Ceftriaxone was administrated 2 g/day divided into two equal intravenous doses. After 1 week of ceftriaxone therapy, the patient developed abdominal pain. In our hospital, an abdominal sonogram showed a hyperechoic band with postacoustic shadow within the collapsed gallbladder. He was diagnosed with ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis, and ceftriaxone therapy was ceased. On the 8th our hospital day, he again complained of right abdominal pain after supper. A sonogram revealed high-amplitude echoes within the gallbladder neck and common bile duct. Furthermore, bile duct dilatation was observed. He was managed conservatively, after which the symptoms were resolved. On the 11th day, a sonogram showed only sludge within the gallbladder, and on the 13th day, he was discharged from our hospital. It is important for sonographers to recognize the possible occurrence of biliary pseudolithiasis in ceftriaxone-treated patients, especially when a high dose is used in children.     

兔急性弥漫性颅高压模型TCD参数与颅内压和脑灌注压的相关性研究

目的采用兔急性弥漫性颅高压模型，研究经颅多普勒（TCD）参数与颅内压（ICP）和脑灌注压（CPP）的相关性。方法新西兰兔20只，随机分组：A组（对照组）8只，枕大池穿刺后不注入林格氏液；B组（实验组）12只，枕大池穿刺后逐步持续注入林格氏液。穿刺前、穿刺后每隔15 min监测ICP、HR、MAP、R及TCD各参数，并计算出CPP。结果A组各参数穿刺前后各时点比较无统计学差异。随着ICP的升高，B组TCD各参数与ICP、CPP有密切线性关系；TCD的变化发生在生命体征改变之前，更早于Cushing反应；在濒死前期，TCD出现一“反跳”现象，出现“反跳”的兔83.3%死亡。结论TCD的变化能较早地反映ICP和CPP的变化，同时ICP增高晚期出现的特征性“反跳”现象提示预后极差。