超声波对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

目的：研究超声波对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响。方法：用诊断级超声波幅射小鼠,测定小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的出现率。结果：经超声波辐射的小鼠的细胞微核率与阳性对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,与阴性对照组比较无差异（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。结论：受幅射的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率无显著增加,诊断级超声波不会致突变。     

三维超声观察静脉注射声学造影剂前后肿瘤血流灌注的实验研究

目的评价三维超声成像技术观察声学造影前后肿瘤血流灌注情况。方法造影前应用三维超声成像技术观察移植性兔肝脏、肾脏、肌肉和皮下ＶＸ２肿瘤的血流灌注情况,经静脉注射新型（第三代）声学造影剂ＦＸ５３０后再次检查。结果三维超声可良好地显示肿瘤血管及与周围组织血管的关系,经静脉注射造影剂后肿瘤血管明显增强,可观察肿瘤形态及肿瘤内网状的细小血管。结论三维超声（特别是经静脉声学造影后）提高了对肿瘤血流灌注的观察能力,为临床评价各种治疗疗效提供了依据。     

Ultrasonic videodensitometric analysis of myocardium in end-stage renal disease treated with haemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate videodensitometric parameters of the myocardium, in dialysis patients, who represent a complex pathophysiological model of pressure volume overload, and in essential hypertensive patients with the same level of left ventricular mass. METHODS: We compared a group of male dialysis patients (D) with two groups: hypertensive patients (H) with comparable left ventricular mass and normotensive healthy subjects as controls (C). The groups (n=15 each) were age- (53 +/- 9 years) and gender-matched. Quantitative analysis of echocardiographic digitalized imaging was performed to calculate the mean grey level (MGL) and cyclic variation index (CVI). RESULTS: The haemodialysis patients had a significantly lower CVI compared with hypertensives and controls both for septum (D): -2.5 +/- 17.4% vs (H); 11.8 +/- 17% vs (C); 43.2 +/- 15.4% (P<0.001) and for posterior wall (D): -10.1 +/- 261% vs (H); 14.2 +/- 14.7% vs (C); 46.6 +/- 17.2% (P<0.001). A significant inverse relationship was found between intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and CVI. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities of two-dimensional echocardiographic grey level distribution are present in both haemodialysis patients and hypertensive patients, but seem unrelated to the degree of echocardiographic hypertrophy. These videodensitometric myocardial alterations are significantly higher in dialysis patients than in hypertensive patients with the same extent of left ventricular hypertrophy. The iPTH level may play a role in the development of the ultrasonic myocardial alterations, which probably represent an early stage of uraemic cardiomyopathy.     

Calcaneal Ultrasound Attenuation in an Elderly Population: Measurement Position and Relationships with Body Size and Past Fractures

This study demonstrates the relationship between past fracture, body size and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and investigates two sites of BUA measurement in a representative elderly population of men and women (n= 2106). We measured BUA at a fixed position and at a consistent anatomic position within the calcaneus. We found fixed BUA was less closely correlated with stature and age than anatomic BUA. Both correlations were substantially weaker in men than in women. Mean BUA was significantly lower in women with a past fracture compared with nonfracturers (fixed BUA 63.3 vs 69.4 dB/MHz, p= 0.0004; anatomic BUA 77.6 vs 81.7 dB/MHz, p= 0.013). However, in women, the fixed BUA was better than the anatomic BUA at discriminating between fracturers and nonfracturers (OR 1.38/SD (95% CI 1.12–1.68) and OR 1.22/SD (0.99–1.52), respectively) when adjusted for body size and age. There was no significant difference in either BUA in men with or without a past fracture. In conclusion, currently the fixed position for BUA measurement is preferable and, whilst we have demonstrated that it is possible to locate an anatomically consistent point in the calcaneus, the position chosen by this study did not provide a measurement with more discriminatory capability than the fixed position. In women, BUA behaves similarly to bone mineral density in relation to stature and in its strength of association with past fracture, while the lack of association in men may reflect differing contributions by bone strength to fracture risk in the sexes. Received: 13 January 1999 / Accepted: 25 March 1999     

止喘灵雾化吸入治疗喘息型支气管炎临床研究

目的 :为探讨中药止喘灵经超声雾化吸入后对喘息型支气管炎急性发作期的疗效。方法 :观察止喘灵雾化吸入的临床症状、体征、血象等指标的改善情况 ,并与对照组比较。结果 :采用止喘灵超声雾化吸入后能达到快速的止咳化痰 ,平喘及消炎作用 ,与两组对照比较均有显著性差异 ,P<0 .0 5。结论 :止喘灵经超声雾化吸入可提高疗效 ,缩短疗程。     

Model of Diagnosing and Searching for Incompatibilities in Aluminium Castings

An essential element of any industry is castings, which is determined by the technical conditions for their reception. However, conducting production in the foundry technology is burdened with many difficulties associated with, for example, the inability to control all of the parameters that may affect the casting quality. Therefore, it is essential to undertake improvement actions in this area. Efforts are being made to use non-destructive testing (NDT) as a part of quality control, but these methods are rarely combined in a single diagnostic run. As a part of quality improvement, it is also essential to identify the root cause of the problem. For this reason, it is justified to develop a model of diagnosing and searching for non-conformities, which would combine NDT tests and quality management tools. The model included the visual, ultrasound, and eddy current examination in the diagnostic part, and the Pareto–Lorenz diagram correlated with ABC method, histogram, and 5WHY method (asking five questions why). The study’s originality is manifested in the combination of several NDT methods with quality management methods in one model. Using integrally configured methods in the proposed model, it was possible to: reduce diagnostic uncertainty, characterize the critical group of non-conformities, and identify the root causes of the quality problem. The model is a new and universal method that can be implied in any foundry company in order to ensure the stability of the production processes. The application of the model contributes to an increase in the detection speed and enables the reduction of non-conformities in aluminium castings, thus increasing the quality level of the offered products.     

Association between abdominal muscle stiffness,diaphragm thickness and peak expiratory flow in younger versus older adults

The present study aimed to evaluate forced expiration based on transverse abdominis (TrA) stiffness by identifying the relationship between TrA stiffness and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in both younger and older adults. We also assessed the relationship between diaphragm thickness and PEF. A total of 31 younger (21.24 ± 2.73 years) and 34 older (71.35 ± 5.26 years) adults were included in the present study. TrA muscle stiffness was measured at rest and during abdominal bracing using shear wave elastography. Diaphragm thickness was measured during deep inspiration and expiration using B-mode ultrasound, and respiratory function was assessed by measuring PEF using a spirometer. We found that TrA stiffness during bracing was significantly lower in older than younger adults (p < 0.05). Similarly, the difference in absolute stiffness of the TrA when bracing versus at rest was significantly lower in older than younger adults (p < 0.05). Additionally, TrA stiffness during bracing was positively associated with PEF in the younger group (r = 0.483), while a very weak correlation was found in the older group (r = 0.172). Similarly, PEF was moderately correlated with diaphragm thickness during expiration as well as during changes between inspiration and expiration in the younger group (r = 0.405 and r = 0.403); however, no significant correlation was found in the older group. These findings of the present study indicate that the variations in PEF between younger and older adults may be due to age-associated changes in the musculoskeletal structure and muscle fibre type.     

多酶预处理溶液联合超声对口腔内科器械的清洗效果评价

目的:评价多酶预处理溶液联合超声对口腔内科器械的清洗效果。方法:选取2019年2月~5月我院口腔内科常规使用并进行消毒的器械620支,随机分为两组,分别用多酶预处理溶液(对照组)和多酶预处理溶液联合超声清洗(实验组)处理。比较两组目测清洗合格率以及STF清洗效果检测卡合格率。结果:实验组器械目测合格率以及STF清洗效果检测卡检测合格率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:多酶预处理溶液联合超声清洗对于口腔内科器械具有更加有效和安全的清洗效果。     

Tissue Dissolution by a Novel Multisonic Ultracleaning System and Sodium Hypochlorite

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel Multisonic Ultracleaning System (Sonendo Inc, Laguna Hills, CA) in tissue dissolution in comparison with conventional irrigation devices.

Methods

Pieces of bovine muscle tissue (68 ± 2 mg) were placed in 0.7-mL test tubes (height: 23.60 mm, inner diameter: 6.00 mm, outer diameter: 7.75 mm) and exposed to 5 minutes of irrigation by different devices. Endodontic devices included the Multisonic Ultracleaning System, the Piezon Master 700 (EMS, Dallas, TX) ultrasonic system with agitation, the EndoVac negative-pressure irrigation system (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), and a conventional positive-pressure 27-G irrigation needle at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. The systems were tested with 0.5%, 3%, and 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at room temperature (21°C) as well as 40°C. Irrigation with sterile water was used as a control. The mass of tissue specimens was measured and recorded before and after the use of each device, and if the specimen was completely dissolved visually within 5 minutes, the dissolution time was recorded. The rate of tissue dissolution (%/s) was then calculated.

Results

The Multisonic Ultracleaning System had the fastest rate of tissue dissolution (P < .05), at 1.0% ± 0.1% per second using 0.5% NaOCl, 2.3% ± 0.9% per second using 3% NaOCl, and 2.9% ± 0.7% per second using 6% NaOCl. This tissue dissolution rate was more than 8 times greater than the second fastest device tested (P < .01), the Piezon Master 700 ultrasonic system, which resulted in a tissue dissolution rate of 0.328% ± 0.002% per second using 6% NaOCl at 40°C. For all irrigation devices tested, the rate of tissue dissolution increased with a higher concentration and temperature of the NaOCl solution.

Conclusions

The novel Multisonic Ultracleaning System achieved a significantly faster tissue dissolution rate when compared with the other systems examined in vitro.     

双水相体系协同超声法提取绿茶中的茶多酚

目的：优化双水相协同超声法提取绿茶中茶多酚的最佳工艺，并比较不同季节绿茶中茶多酚的含量。方法：以茶多酚含量为指标，选择乙醇浓度、硫酸铵浓度、料液比、超声时间进行单因素试验，在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验优选绿茶中茶多酚最佳提取工艺，采用最佳提取工艺提取并比较春、夏、秋季绿茶中茶多酚的含量。结果：最佳提取工艺为：采用45%乙醇、0.20 g·mL^-1硫酸铵的双水相溶液，以1∶90料液比，超声提取15 min；利用该提取条件测得不同季节绿茶中茶多酚含量为：夏季 > 秋季 > 春季。结论：双水相协同超声法可作为提取茶多酚的有效手段；夏茶可作为获取茶多酚的重要来源。