经Poppen入路及扩大小脑幕切开后对松果体区的显露及损伤程度的定量评价

目的经Poppen入路在行小脑幕切开前后对松果体区的显露及其损伤程度进行定量综合评价。方法通过对成年人带颈头颅标本5具(10侧),模拟常规的Poppen入路的手术操作,在行小脑幕切开前后,按Ammirat标准对松果体区的显露程度进行评价,用Horgan法计算出显露面积,并根据损伤程度评分评价其损伤程度。结果经Poppen入路在行小脑幕切开前后对松果体区的显露程度评分分别为1分和3分;显露面积分别为(566.20±80.72)mm2、(1100.31±123.46)mm2,两者相较,差异显著(P0.01);经Poppen入路行小脑幕切开前损伤程度积分为4分,小脑幕切开后损伤程度积分为6分。结论经Poppen入路对松果体区肿瘤手术显露范围广泛,损伤程度小,且可以根据肿瘤的大小和发展方向进行扩大显露,有利于最大程度的保护大脑深部静脉和中脑四叠体,同时全切肿瘤。     

岩斜区脑膜瘤分型及手术入路选择研究

目的 分析岩斜区脑膜瘤影像学分型及手术入路选择.方法 回顾分析318例岩斜区脑膜瘤临床资料,将其分为岩尖型、海绵窦型、蝶岩型、岩斜型、岩斜海绵窦型、CPA型、斜坡型和广泛型,根据分型选择手术入路.结果 入组248例,术前KPS评分73.7±10.3.主要入路包括乙状窦前入路(49.6％),颞下经岩经小脑幕入路/岩前Kawase入路(STTA/KA) (35.1％).全切(SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级)52.4％.前3型主要入路为STTA/KA (53.7％),而后5型则为乙状窦前入路(63.8％),差异有统计学意义(x2=27.461,P＜0.001).乙状窦前入路的第Ⅵ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ脑神经并发症率较STTA/KA高.随访KPS评分为75.8±26.9,较术前差异无统计学意义(t=- 1.321,P=0.188),改善57.7％,稳定19.0％.结论 岩斜脑膜瘤分型有利于手术入路的选择,STTA/KA入路适于前3型,而乙状窦前入路则适于后5型,但仍需术前全面评估,实现个体化治疗,以达到最佳预后.     

翼点入路的显微解剖

目的：掌握经翼点入路对下丘脑区结构显露的显微外科解剖和显份科技术。方法：12例(24侧)经颈内动脉灌注红色乳胶成人尸颅上模拟翼点入路。借助手术显微镜6-25倍下通过鞍区手术间隙对下丘脑区重要结构进行解剖。结果：经翼点入路，通过鞍区的手术间隙，。可对颈内动脉床突上段及其分支，基底动脉顶端，垂体柄、漏斗区、终板等下丘脑区重要结构进行良好的暴露。结论：经翼点入路对鞍区病变。特别是颅咽管瘤和动脉瘤显微手术时，需熟悉局部解剖结构，利用显微外科技术保护周围重要血管和神经组织。     

Insights on Skin Quality and Clinical Practice Trends in Asia Pacific and a Practical Guide to Good Skin Quality from the Inside Out

ObjectiveWe sought to examine the current skin quality trends and gaps in clinical practice in the Asia Pacific region and develop a practical guide to improve skin quality.MethodsMedical practitioners from 11 countries in the Asia Pacific region completed an online survey on current trends in skin quality treatment. A panel of 12 leading experts convened for a virtual meeting to develop a practical guide for skin quality improvement.ResultsA total of 153 practitioners completed the survey. The four most common skin quality issues were uneven skin tone, skin surface unevenness, skin laxity, and sebaceous gland hyperactivity and enlarged pores. Most practitioners reported using a combination of treatment modalities for each skin quality issue. It was also observed that each treatment modality could be used to treat several skin quality issues. A multimodal approach targeting different interrelated issues across the tissue planes was recommended for balanced results. The panel developed a practical guide for the appropriate combinations and sequence of treatments, and created treatment protocols for specific skin quality outcome goals. The guide employed an “inside-out” approach, treating the deeper tissue planes prior to the superficial layers to achieve harmonious results.LimitationsFuture studies are needed to support the recommended treatment protocols for skin quality improvement.ConclusionThese findings provide valuable insights on current skin quality trends and gaps in clinical practice. The practical guide provides a framework for practitioners to customize their treatment plan according to each patient’s needs.     

Transnasal Endoscopic and Transoral Approaches in the Biopsies of Ventral Atlas and Axis Vertebrae: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study for Preprocedural Scheme,Biopsy Procedure,Core Technique Analysis,Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Outcome

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe and analyze the transoral and transnasal approaches for pathologies of the ventral atlas and axis vertebrae, which are considered technically challenging regions for diagnostic biopsy.MethodsA series of transnasal endoscopic approach (TNA) and transoral approach (TOA) biopsies for the pathologies of the first and second cervical vertebrae were conducted and retrospectively analyzed from July 2014 to May 2021. The depth of the biopsy trajectory was measured on computed tomography images for all nine patients (eight males and one female with an average age of 58.11 ± 11.60 years), as were the coronal, sagittal, and vertical biopsy safe ranges. The characteristics of each lesion, including radiographic features, blood supply, and destruction of anterior or posterior vertebral body edges, were evaluated to guide the biopsy. Four biopsy core techniques (BCTs), including “lesion perforating”, “aspiration”, “cutting‐and‐scraping” and “biopsy forceps utilization” were elaborated in this study. The biopsy procedures and periprocedural precautions were demonstrated. Patient demographics, clinical data, lesion characteristics, diagnostic yield, and complications were recorded for each case.ResultsEight TOA biopsies for the axis vertebral body and one TNA biopsy for the atlas anterior arch were successfully performed and yielded adequate pathologies. All biopsies were organized based on the preprocedural radiographic measurements, which showed that the average length of biopsy trajectory and coronal, sagittal, and vertical safe biopsy ranges were 85.00 ± 5.88, 20.63 ± 4.75, 16.25 ± 1.49, and 24.63 ± 2.26 mm, respectively, and these corresponding data were 95, 36, 9, and 26 mm in the TNA patient. Six osteolytic lesions (66.7%), one osteoblastic lesion (11.1%), and two mixed lesions (22.2%) were observed, among which seven lesions had a rich blood supply. Biopsy forceps and core needles were utilized to obtain samples in six and three patients, respectively. All the TNA and TOA biopsies were performed with cooperative application of multiple BCTs under compound anatomic and stereotactic navigations. Intraprocedural or postprocedural complications occurred in no patients who underwent the biopsy in the follow‐up period (1–39 months). No significant differences were found between the preprocedural and postprocedural blood indexes and visual analogue scale scores.ConclusionWith a sophisticated preprocedural arrangement, cooperative application of BCTs, and careful periprocedural precautions, transnasal endoscopic and transoral biopsies are two feasible, efficient, and well‐tolerated procedures that achieve satisfactory diagnostic yield, complication rate, and clinical outcome.     

侵犯眶内鼻窦囊肿的手术治疗

目的探讨改良眉弓径路联合鼻内镜技术在侵犯眶内的哑铃形筛窦囊肿手术中的应用及疗效分析。方法2002年8月N2012年4月我科收治的7例侵犯眼眶的哑铃形巨大筛窦囊肿患者,全麻下采用改良眉弓切口,鼻内镜辅助下沿眶壁分离并切除眶内囊肿,然后采用鼻内镜囊肿造袋术,切除囊肿。结果7例患者术中眶内及鼻窦囊肿均能充分暴露,并在直视下全部去除。术后无脑脊液鼻漏、眶筋膜损伤和眶内、颅内感染等并发症。术后随访6-18个月,均未见复发。结论采用改良眉弓径路联合鼻内镜行侵犯眶内的哑铃形筛窦囊肿手术,增加了手术的精确性和安全性,切口短,瘢痕小,切除彻底,降低复发率,减少对面部美观的影响,是治疗侵犯眶内的巨大哑铃形筛窦囊肿的有效术式之一。     

咽旁间隙神经鞘瘤诊断及手术入路选择

目的探讨咽旁间隙神经鞘瘤的诊断与手术入路方式的选择。方法对咽旁间隙神经鞘瘤患者14例病历资料进行回顾性分析,术前根据CT和MRI判断肿瘤与扁桃体包膜距离关系及肿瘤主体位置考虑手术径路,与扁桃体包膜距离≤1cm、肿瘤主体突入到口内者行经口内径路,与扁桃体包膜距离1cm、瘤体主体突向外侧者经颈外径路,手术径路与肿瘤大小关系不大。经口内径路4例,颈外径路10例。结果所有患者均获得顺利手术,术后随访6个月～6年均未见复发。结论颈部CT、MRI及DSA是诊断及鉴别诊断的良好手段,手术径路取决于肿瘤与扁桃体包膜的距离及肿瘤主体位置,无论采取何种径路,均无严重的并发症。     

刺五加混悬剂小鼠体内药动学研究

目的 考察刺五加混悬剂小鼠体内药动学特征。方法 分别采用药理效应法中的效量法与药效法,选择吞噬指数为检测指标,研究刺五加在小鼠体内药动学规律。结果 效量法:K_(el)=0.2d~(-1) K_a=2.5d~(-1),AUC(S_o)=10.4g·kg~(-1)·d,VRT=19.3d~2。药效法:K_(el(ef))=0.1d~(-1),K_(a(ef))=2.9d~(-1),AUC(S_o)_((ef))=62.7(％)·d,VRT_((ef))=43.2d~2。药效法所得数据大于效量法,说明药效的出现有滞后性。结论 用药理效应法研究刺五加有效成分的体内药动学规律是可行的,并且首次得到了有关药动学数据。     

Ability and willingness to pay for family planning services in low resource settings: evidence from an operational research

ObjectiveThis paper establishes levels and patterns of ability and willingness to pay (AWTP) for contraceptives, and associated factors.Study designA three-stage cluster and stratified sampling was applied in selection of enumeration areas, households and individuals in a baseline survey for a 5-year Family planning programme. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regressions are used to establish factors associated with AWTP.ResultsAbility to pay was higher among men (84%) than women (52%). A high proportion of women (96%) and men (82%) were able to pay at least Ug Shs 1000 ($0.27) for FP services while 93% of women and 83% of men who had never used FP services will in future be able to pay for FP services costed at least Shs 2000 ($0.55). The factors independently associated with AWTP were lower age group (<25 years), residence in urban areas, attainment of higher education level, and higher wealth quintiles.ConclusionAWTP for FP services varied by different measures. Setting the cost of FP services at Shs 1000 ($0.27) will attract almost all women (96%) and most of men (82%). Key determinants of low AWTP include residence in poor regions, being from rural areas and lack of/low education.Implications statement: Private providers should institute price discrimination for FP services by region, gender and socioeconomic levels. More economic empowerment for disadvantaged populations is needed if the country is to realise higher contraceptive uptake. More support for total market approach for FP services needed.     

四君子汤经不同途径给药对窒息后喂养不耐受新生儿血浆胃动素的影响

目的:观察不同给药途径下四君子汤对窒息后喂养不耐受新生儿血浆胃动素(MTL)的影响.方法:将78例窒息后喂养不耐受新生儿随机分为四君子汤经胃管微量给药组、四君子汤微量灌肠给药组及常规静脉高营养形式喂养的对照组各26例,分别施以四君子汤微量喂养、四君子汤微量灌肠及常规静脉高营养形式喂养,检测治疗前及治疗第1、3、4天患儿...