枕下乙状窦后锁孔经岩裂-桥脑裂入路的显微解剖学

[摘要]目的:通过对枕下乙状窦后锁孔经岩裂-桥脑裂入路的各段结构进行显微解剖学研究,为临床应用提供解剖学资料;方法：对15具30侧正常成人湿头颅标本进行解剖：模拟手术状态下该入路操作,将尸头侧卧位固定在头架上,乳突后横（纵）切口,开2.5cm-3cm骨窗,切开硬脑膜,测量分开岩裂-桥脑裂前后时手术野显露范围变化,以及三叉、面听、舌咽神经入脑干处暴露情况;显微镜下解剖岩裂和小脑桥脑裂上、下支;对岩裂、桥脑裂上、下支、岩静脉、小脑动脉、三叉、面听、舌咽神经入脑干处等相关研究对象进行测量、照相。结果：该入路可显露的解剖结构上至天幕前侧缘,下到枕骨大孔颈静脉结节,内侧到桥脑和中脑的侧方。可显露桥小脑角区包括岩静脉、小脑上中下三个神经血管复合体。岩裂-桥脑裂分离前后距离在统计学具有差异性。结论：该入路是对经典乙状窦后入路的补充和扩大,具有切口小、脑损伤小,充分利用小脑的自然间隙,不牵拉或少牵拉小脑的情况下增加了操作空间;该入路在微血管减压治疗颅神经疾病方面在解剖学上具有可操作性;该入路在同等条件下使后颅窝相关区域的组织结构显露更大,为桥小脑角区占位性病变的切除提供了解剖学空间。     

The Vidian Canal: Radiological Features in Japanese Population and Clinical Implications

The vidian canal (VC), a bony tunnel in which the vidian artery and nerve pass, has been widely known as an important landmark to identify the anterior genu of the petrous carotid artery (AGPCA) especially during lateral extended endoscopic endonasal approachs (LEEEAs). The objectives of this study in the Japanese population are to describe the radiological anatomic features and relationships between VC and its surrounding structures, and discuss the clinical implications. We studied 231 high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans with a slice thickness of 0.5 mm. All the patients had known sellar or parasellar pathologies but without any involvement of VC. The following VC-related parameters were examined: its length, relationship to AGPCA, course from the pterygopalatine fossa to the carotid canal, its position relative to the medial pterygoid plate and pneumatization pattern of the sphenoid sinus. Mean length of VC is 14.6 mm. There is more tendency of straight-running VC compared to other populations. VC locates infero-lateral to AGPCA in all the cases. The protrusion of VC and the paraclival carotid artery to the sphenoid sinus, as well as well-pneumatization of the sinus is also observed more frequently in almost a half of the population. Surgeons who perform LEEEAs in Japanese patients must know these anatomical features. The characteristics particular to Japanese populations may facilitate better identification of VC and exposure to AGPCA intraoperatively.     

Cement Mantle Quality and Stem Alignment in Cemented Collarless Polished Tapered Stems Implanted via the Direct Anterior and Direct Lateral Approaches: A Single Institution Experience

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the stem alignment and the quality of cement mantle of collarless polished tapered cemented stems inserted through the direct anterior approach (DAA) and the direct lateral approach (DLA).MethodsA comparative retrospective study of 232 hybrid total hip arthroplasties using a cemented collarless polished tapered stem through either the DAA (n = 147) or DLA (n = 85) was performed. Radiographic evaluation included stem alignment, cement mantle quality, and cement mantle thickness.ResultsOn anteroposterior radiographs, stems implanted through the DLA were more likely to be in neutral alignment, than those implanted through the DAA (83.5%[n = 71] versus 71.4% [n = 105]; P = <.001). No difference between approaches was noted for stem alignment on lateral radiographs or cement mantle quality. Multivariate analysis revealed factors associated with suboptimal cement mantle and included Dorr type B or C femur as well as male gender. A mean cement mantle thickness ≥2mm was achieved in all Gruen zones for both approaches.ConclusionIn our series, the DAA was associated with a higher incidence of coronal plane stem malalignment compared to the DLA when using cemented tapered polished femoral components for total hip arthroplasty. No difference in lateral stem alignment or cement mantle quality was found.     

头侧入路的内镜下全腹膜外疝修补术治疗原发性腹壁疝的临床研究

目的探讨治疗原发性腹壁疝的微创新方法——头侧入路的内镜下全腹膜外疝修补术（TEA）的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2019年11月至2020年1月,南方医科大学附属何贤纪念医院患者2例,河南中医药大学第一附属医院患者1例,河南省商丘市睢县中医院患者2例,郑州市第七人民医院患者1例,共6例接受头侧入路的TEA手术的原发性脐疝患者的临床资料。阐述手术操作流程及技术细节,分析其可行性和有效性。 结果6例患者术中均成功分离中上腹腹膜外空间并置入大张网片加强修复脐疝缺损,手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术。平均手术时间164 min（120～240 min）。术后伤口疼痛较轻,且术后第1天平均疼痛视觉模拟评分2.2分（2～3分）。术后平均住院时间2.2 d（2～3 d）。术后1例出现脐部少量血清肿,观察后自愈,未影响手术效果。术后随访时间6～15周,未发现复发患者。 结论头侧入路的TEA术式是安全可行的,可作为治疗中线原发性腹壁疝的一个选择,同时也是对TEA术式的一个补充。此术式扩大了TEA技术的适应证,避免了腹腔内置片修补术的弊端,值得向经验丰富的腔镜疝外科医师有限度推广。