创伤性肾动静脉瘘的介入治疗

目的 评价用介入技术治疗创伤性肾动静脉瘘(RAVFs)的安全性和疗效。方法 对8例不适宜做外科治疗的RAVFs患者进行了介入治疗，其中外伤性损伤4例，医源性损伤4例。6例行经导管超选择性肾动脉内钢丝圈栓塞术，2例行被覆膜支架置入患侧肾动脉内封闭瘘口。结果 血管造影显示肾内型动静脉瘘4例，累及肾动脉段-亚段级分支；主干(肾外)型动静脉瘘4例。治疗均获成功，治疗结束时复查血管造影显示瘘口被封闭。轻微并发症1例。医源性RAVFs患者术后失血症状迅速改善，肉眼血尿消失；4例术前存在心脏负荷过度症状患者，闭塞动静脉瘘后症状迅速改善，血管杂音消失。术后肾功能测定均属正常范围，其中2例肾动脉被覆膜支架置入患者，同位素肾扫描显示患侧肾脏形态、功能正常。术后随访10～42个月，2例分别于术后10，18个月死于与RAVFs无关的疾病。6例仍然生存，一般情况良好，未再针对RAVFs进行外科或介入治疗。结论 介入技术，包括经导管超选择性肾动脉内栓塞术和被覆膜支架置入术，是治疗创伤性、复杂型RAVFs的安全、有效的方法。     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的随访研究

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法对47例子宫肌瘤患者进行选择性子宫动脉造影及栓塞治疗并进行术后随访,观察其子宫肌瘤血供特点、临床疗效、肌瘤复发率。结果子宫肌瘤以一侧子宫动脉供血为主占85.1%,双侧子宫动脉同时供血14.9%,卵巢动脉参与供血6.4%。随访47例患者,治愈17%,显效68%,有效12.7%,无效2.12%,随访6～48个月未发现术后再发肌瘤。结论子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的方法安全有效,特别是对黏膜下子宫肌瘤可以达到瘤体消失治愈的效果。     

四氧化三铁微粒与碘化油混悬液栓塞兔肾动脉的实验研究

目的　探讨四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)微粒与碘化油(Lp)混悬液(suspension from magnetic microspheres with lipi odol, S Fe3O4 Lp)对兔肾动脉的栓塞和导向作用机制。方法　测定工业工艺制备粒径为 50~250μm 5 种规格的 Fe3O4微粒在Lp中的沉降时间、速度;实验组用粒径250μm的S Fe3O4 Lp对右肾动脉栓塞,对照组用Lp栓塞。两组于术后不同时间比较栓塞效果、观察血生化和病理学改变。结果　五种粒度的Fe3O4 微粒能在一定时间范围内悬浮于Lp中;栓塞效果实验组优于对照组;实验组栓塞部位Fe3O4 微粒与Lp存留存在明显正相关关系(P<0.005,r=0.76)。结论　粒径为250μm的S Fe3O4 Lp对兔肾动脉栓塞效果好,无明显毒副反应;栓塞过程中Fe3O4 微粒与Lp具有同步、同向性,是S Fe3O4 Lp发挥导向性栓塞的基础。     

Evaluating therapeutic outcome in epileptic patients using the changes of interval and duration

BACKGROUND: Seizure frequency is in abnormal distribution, and it is not enough to express the trend of concentration using means, and its median loses a lot of information, thus it lacks of a standard for evaluating the therapeutic effects based on seizure frequency. OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for evaluating the therapeutic effects on anti-epileptic drugs using changes of interval and duration of seizure. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients and inpatients suffering from epilepsy attending firstly visited Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital from June 2001 to June 2002 were enrolled. They were diagnosed as epileptic according to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizure by International League Against Epilepsy (1981) based on the clinical history, physical examination, and investigations. The interval time was no more than 6 months. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects, and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. METHODS: ① For the first visit and each follow-up, the following data were recorded, including general demographic information, seizure type, the date and time of ictus, the duration of ictus, and inducement or situation related, according to which the following indexes could be calculated, including seizure styles, interval, duration, cluster frequency and cluster duration. The information from the first review was noted as annals A. The second interview was taken at the end of the evaluating period; the information from the second review was noted as annals B. The third interview was taken within two weeks after the second one; the information from the third review was noted as annals C. The annals B or the annals C were respectively compared with the annals A in the light of the same types or the same styles of the same patient. Summation of the scores of interval change and duration change of the same type or the same style and 5 of basic score was the score of a corresponding seizure type or a corresponding style of one patient. In order to test its reliability and validity, the score of change of frequency or duration plus 5 scores respectively was the score of frequency or duration. ② Reliability and validity were tested by calculating corresponding correlation coefficient with SPSS 11.0. ROC curve was used for developing diagnostic criterion of predicting therapeutic effects with SPSS 11.0. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Reliability and validity; ② Diagnostic criterion for predicting therapeutic effects one year later. RESULTS: Totally 28 patients were involved in the final analysis of results. ① Reliability and validity were high: rinter-rater=0.98, rtest-retest=0.99, rconstruct validity=0.83. ② A total score > 6 was the optimal diagnostic criteria for predicting therapeutic effects one year later, in other words, a patient who scored more than 6 at the evaluating period may be seizure-free one year later. CONCLUSION: It is a potential tool for evaluating epileptic therapeutic outcome, and it can be diffusely used in interrelated fields after being further validated.     

肝动脉解剖变异在中晚期肝癌介入治疗中的意义

目的 探讨放射学肝动脉解剖变异及其在中晚期肝癌介入导管治疗中的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析125例中晚期肝癌肝动脉造影表现及其介入治疗资料。结果 125例中107例(85．6％)有典型肝动脉分布。肝动脉变异18例(14．4％)，其中肝右动脉变异10例(8％)，而又以肝右动脉始于肠系膜上动脉者最多，占6．4％。副肝左动脉变异1例(0．8％)。肝左动脉和肝右动脉同时变异2例(1．6％)。肝总动脉变异3例(2．4％)。胃十二指肠动脉起自肝右动脉和腹腔动脉各1例(1．6％)。对123例成功进行了肝动脉化疗栓塞，2例肝右动脉变异因角度关系超选插管未成功。结论 认识肝动脉解剖变异有助于提高插管的成功率和中晚期肝癌的介入治疗疗效。     

提高中医临床疗效的科学学检讨(连载三)

中医学的生命力在于临床疗效 ,社会对于中医学的需要也在于临床疗效。提高中医临床疗效的科学学研究 ,要以中医基础理论为依据 ,以理、法、方、药一脉相承的辨证论治为前提。造成中医临床疗效下降的问题在于“三个脱节” ,即中医学与自身文化基础脱节 ,中医临床与辨证论治脱节 ,中药与中医临床脱节。中医学正处于行将消亡的边缘 ,也处在新的突破的前夜。实事求是地进行科学、历史的反思 ,中医学完全有可能走出百年困惑 ,得到振兴和发展。     

Biological properties of interleukin-12 and its therapeutic use in persistent hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection

Summary. Interleukin (IL)-12 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells in response to diverse stimuli. IL-12 is a key molecule in the regulation of host's immune responses. In particular, IL-12 influences the balance between the T-helper cells type 1 (TH₁) and type 2 (TH₂); it modulates macrophage responses through the control of interferon-gamma synthesis by TH₁ cells; and, suppresses IgE class antibody production (has a suppressive effect on allergic reactions) and promotes a shift in the IgG subclasses. IL-12 enhances resistance to several infectious diseases, is a powerful antitumor agent in vivo , and acts as a vaccine adjuvant. The biological properties of IL-12 point to the potential therapeutic use in persistent hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection.     

环孢霉素A滴眼治疗角膜移植排斥反应

应用0.5％环孢霉素A(cyclosporin A,CsA)滴眼治疗穿透性角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥患者16例(16只眼),治愈9只眼,好转6只眼,无效1只眼。随访5～24个月,其中2只眼因停药复发,1只眼于拆线后复发,继续用药或增加给药次数后治愈。研究表明0.5％CsA滴眼剂治疗术前移植床条件较好,角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的病例可得到良好疗效;而对术前移植床条件较差,角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的病例有一定的疗效。作者对眼局部应用CsA治疗角膜移植排斥的疗效和作用机理进行了讨论。     

高危人群微量乙肝疫苗免疫效果动态观察

采用微量乙肝疫苗（总剂量为６μｇ）对ＨＢＶ高流行区居民进行随机对照研究，免疫Ⅰ组（疫苗＜８℃保存）Ｔ１２抗体阳转率和保护率分别为９０．８％和８７．０％，和对照组相比，差异显著（Ｐ均＜０．００１）；和常规剂量（总剂量９０μｇ）比，其抗体阳转率和保护率基本相同。提示ＨＢＶ高流行区可用微量乙肝苗代替常量乙肝苗进行预防接种。免疫Ⅰ组和免疫Ⅱ组（乙肝疫苗室温保藏２８℃±）免疫效果和保护率基本相同，认为室温条件下乙肝疫苗６个月内效价不变。