城市住宅新区医疗卫生服务需求的现状与对策

目的:了解城市住宅新区医疗卫生服务供给与需求的现状,为决策部门合理分配卫生资源提供参考依据。方法:根据浙江省城市地理位置和经济文化、发展程度,在全省范围内选择有代表性的城市,采用城、区街(居委会)住户4个层次随机抽样方法调查4810户家庭。结果:住宅新区个人和家庭医疗卫生服务需求大于供给,希望社区提供全天候卫生服务。医疗费用支出占家庭收入的6.20％,绝大多数家庭能承担各项医疗费用,家庭每年最多能支出医疗保健服务费用平均为2565.15元。     

部分手术类项目标准成本分析

对6个手术类医疗服务项目进行了标准成本测算,分析了其成本构成,并与全国的实际成本平均水平进行了比较。建议政府以标准成本作为调整医疗服务价格的依据,同时,建议医院在加强手术室成本管理时应着重加强医用材料的管理。     

Social construction of Anangu disability

ABSTRACT: The usual and common-sense definition of disability is based on a medical model that sees disability as a limitation or lack of competence on the part of the individual. This definition fails to acknowledge that in some cultures disability as a concept does not exist. This paper, based on research undertaken in 1994/1995, examines how the social construction of disability among the A n angu of the cross border region of Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, takes into consideration the important factors of history, culture and language. The theoretical underpinning of the research was symbolic interactionism, which led to collaborative ethnography becoming the methodology employed to collect and analyse the data. The findings of the research indicate that the social construction of disability among the A n angu occurs in three historical phases: the impairment, oppression and empowerment phases. The paper's purpose is to offer service providers to Aboriginal people with disabilities, information that will help them understand some of the attitudes, customs, mores and beliefs of their clientele.     

A healthcare staff decision model considering the effects of staff cross‐training

In this study a staff planning model for a health service clinic has been developed and validated using an example case of a health service clinic. The primary purpose of this research is to develop a representative staff planning model which balances the cost and benefits of staff task flexibility through crosstraining for a healthcare facility. Additionally, legal requirements for task substitution in the healthcare industry have been considered in the model.     

Pilot study of a visitor volunteer programme for community elderly people receiving home health care

There is a need to evaluate community support programmes for elderly people. In this randomized control trial (RCT), we determined the effectiveness of 'friendly visitors' in a volunteer programme of a visiting nurses organization in Southern Ontario, Canada. The Volunteer Friendly Visitor Programme was developed to support elderly people receiving homemaking and nursing care in the community. Volunteers are screened, trained, interviewed and matched to homebound elderly clients for general interest, visit expectations and personality. Volunteers spend three to four hours on average per week with clients socializing in mutually agreed-upon ways. The nursing staff identified clients who were lonely for this additional support. These newly-referred clients were randomly allocated to receive a friendly visitor or not for six weeks. Those receiving the volunteer visitor improved in life satisfaction and two social support measures: worth and social integration. Thus, the addition of volunteer visitors to planned homemaking and nursing care made a difference for elderly in the community.     

病人图书馆是医院图书服务的新领域

建立病人图书馆,以“图书治疗”、“图书护理”为患者提供服务,是现代医学模式转变的需要。国外病人图书馆的发展对病人治疗康复已起到了积极的作用。我国应根据国情建立不同模式的病人图书馆,为患者提供多种多样的服务。     

社区健康服务试点地区孕产期保健服务现状分析

社区健康服务项目试点城市１２００名学龄前儿童母亲的孕产期保健情况调查结果：早孕检查率为６２．０％,产前检查率为９６．９％,产前检查次数≥８次占５７．２％,住院分娩率为９７．５％,产后访视≥３次占３０．３％,４个月婴儿纯母乳喂养率为６１．０％,孕产期母乳喂养健康教育覆盖率为４６．９％,孕期营养指导率为５８．７％,同时对影响产前检查次数的因素进行了分析。结果提示：试点地区在保持和提高孕产期服务覆盖率的同时,应重点规范产前检查和产后访视内容,提高服务质量;应加强孕产期健康教育,提高母乳喂养率;在经济文化条件有限的情况下,探索适宜的孕产期服务方式,为群众提供优质便利且经济上可承受的保健服务     

对我国卫生资源配置和使用几个深层次问题的思索

我国卫生资源既贫乏又浪费已成为业内人士的共识,但又是一个困扰我国卫生事业发展的实际而又紧迫的问题,这个问题解决不好,就会人为无谓地降低我国卫生事业的公益性和福利性的“含金量”。,作者认为：要使我国有限的生效充分而合理利用,就要立足于我国的基本国情,在确保市场的微观调节的前提下,必须运用政府的宏观调控行为和政策指导手段,尽可能为管理体制的改革扫描障碍和给予法制保障。     

从部分贫困县住院分娩资料分析看农村地区围产保健对策

利用１９９６年在四川省和陕西省４个卫－Ⅵ项目县县乡两级医院,采用前瞻性研究方法收集的住院分娩资料,着重分析了产科床位使用率、产科接生工作负荷、产妇住院天数、剖腹产比例。结果显示：产科床位使用率不高,绝大多数医院都有５０％以上的产科床位日没有利用;接生工作负荷亦不高,各医院从事接生人员的１周平均接生数在０．５￣２．６之间;在一些乡卫生院产妇住院时间短,５０％以上的产妇住院不满１天;陕西的两县剖腹产比