β-hCG、TGF-β和TβR-Ⅰ在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位(β-hCG)、转化生长因子β亚单位(TGF-β)及转化生长因子β亚单位受体Ⅰ (TβR-Ⅰ)在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达及临床意义.方法:选取2008年1月～2014年1月在石河子大学医学院第一附属医院以手术切除为初次治疗的卵巢上皮性癌石蜡标本60例、卵巢良性肿瘤组织标本40例和正常卵巢组织20例,采用免疫组化法检测β-hCG、TGF-β及TβR-Ⅰ的表达情况.结果:与卵巢良性肿瘤组织和正常卵巢组织相比,卵巢上皮性癌组织中β-hCG、TGF-β和TβR-Ⅰ的阳性表达率均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);卵巢上皮性癌组织中β-hCG的阳性表达率与其手术病理分期及病理类型密切相关(P＜0.05),而TβR-Ⅰ及TGF-β的阳性表达率与病理类型密切相关(P＜0.05);β-hCG与TGF-β及TβR-Ⅰ的阳性表达率均呈负相关(r=-0.568,P＜0.01;r=-0.673,P＜0.01),TGF-β与TβR-Ⅰ的阳性表达率无相关性(r=0.128,P＞0.01).结论:β-hCG、TGF-β和TβR-Ⅰ对卵巢良性肿瘤和卵巢上皮性癌的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床意义.     

重组幽门螺杆菌多表位疫苗工程菌株的构建及其微生物学特性研究

目的 构建含有幽门螺杆菌尿素酶（\ureI、ureB）及霍乱毒素B亚单位（\ctB）融合片段的多表位疫苗工程菌,并研究其微生物学特性。方法 通过生物信息学方法从\ureI、ureB基因中筛选出T细胞和B细胞优势表位,通过柔性Linker相连,并在其N端加入分子内佐剂序列\ctB,按照大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)的密码子偏好性进行密码子优化,即为BIB序列。人工合成之后,插入原核表达质粒pET28a(+)中,构建pET28a(+)/\ctB-ureI-ureB〔pET28a(+)/BIB〕重组质粒。经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定及DNA测序鉴定正确后,将质粒转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。BIB工程菌经乳糖诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白BIB的表达情况,并对其N端氨基酸序列和相对分子质量进行测定,Western blot对其进行抗原性鉴定。结果 原核表达质粒pET28a(+)/BIB经双酶切和测序鉴定构建正确,SDS-PAGE电泳显示在相对分子质量33×10^\3处有一条明显条带,其N端氨基酸序列和相对分子质量与设计序列100%一致,Western blot结果显示BIB可以与抗幽门螺杆菌悉尼株（SS1株）小鼠血清及鼠抗CTB单抗产生特异性反应。结论 成功构建了幽门螺杆菌多表位重组原核表达工程菌,该工程菌表达的BIB蛋白抗原性良好。     

UBXN2A regulates nicotinic receptor degradation by modulating the E3 ligase activity of CHIP

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the α3 subunit are known for their prominent role in normal ganglionic transmission while their involvement in the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and smoking-related disease has been emerging only in recent years. The amount of information available on the maturation and trafficking of α3-containing nAChRs is limited. We previously showed that UBXN2A is a p97 adaptor protein that facilitates the maturation and trafficking of α3-containing nAChRs. Further investigation of the mechanisms of UBXN2A actions revealed that the protein interacts with CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein), whose ubiquitin E3 ligase activity regulates the degradation of several disease-related proteins. We show that CHIP displays E3 ligase activity toward the α3 nAChR subunit and contributes to its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. UBXN2A interferes with CHIP-mediated ubiquitination of α3 and protects the nicotinic receptor subunit from endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). UBXN2A also cross-talks with VCP/p97 and HSC70/HSP70 proteins in a complex where α3 is likely to be targeted by CHIP. Overall,we identify CHIP as an E3 ligase for α3 and UBXN2A as a protein that may efficiently regulate the stability of CHIP’s client substrates.     

结核病重组蛋白亚单位疫苗研究进展

卡介苗是唯一应用于临床的结核病疫苗,但是其对成人结核病的保护效果仍存在不确定性。重组蛋白亚单位疫苗可提供长期的免疫保护效果,且成分明确、安全性好,因而具有较好的应用开发前景。作者对结核病重组蛋白亚单位疫苗的组分(结核分枝杆菌保护性抗原和免疫佐剂)、临床研究现况、应用策略及研究所面临的挑战等方面的进展进行了综述。     

基于线粒体COI基因分析广州市15个白纹伊蚊种群的遗传多样性

目的 探讨广州市白纹伊蚊不同地理种群的遗传多样性、遗传分化和系统发育关系。方法 本实验于2020年9月至2020年11月期间,采集广州市11个行政区的共计15个白纹伊蚊种群。单只蚊虫提取基因组DNA,通过PCR法扩增COI基因序列并测序,获得的序列在GenBank上经过BLAST比对。BioEdit 7.2软件观察序列峰图。MEGA X软件对齐序列,分析碱基组成,构建系统发育树(NJ法)。DNAsp 6.12软件分析位点多态性,单倍型及其多样性,进行错配分布分析。Arlequin 3.5软件进行分子变异分析、进行中性检验。DAMBE 7.2软件分析序列的系统发育信号。 PopART 1.7软件构建单倍型网络图(Median joining法)。结果 广州市15个白纹伊蚊种群共获得642条序列,其长度为603 bp。A碱基加T碱基平均含量是67.5%,符合线粒体DNA的AT偏向性。单倍型分析共检出45种单倍型,其中单倍型1为优势单倍型。中性检验表明广州市部分种群不符合中性理论,但大部分种群都经历过种群扩张,而错配分布却表明仅有少部分种群经历过种群扩张。Mantel检验表明15个白纹伊蚊种群不存在地理隔离现象。种群遗传分化显示各种群间交流较频繁,且种群间的遗传分化很低,差异更多来自于个体间。结论 广州市的白纹伊蚊种群间基因交流较频繁,遗传分化小,遗传多样性偏低。这可能使不同地理种群的白纹伊蚊具有相似的媒介能力。     

A launch vector for the production of vaccine antigens in plants

Historically, most vaccines have been based on killed or live‐attenuated infectious agents. Although very successful at immunizing populations against disease, both approaches raise safety concerns and often have limited production capacity. This has resulted in increased emphasis on the development of subunit vaccines. Several recombinant systems have been considered for subunit vaccine manufacture, including plants, which offer advantages both in cost and in scale of production. We have developed a plant expression system utilizing a ‘launch vector’, which combines the advantageous features of standard agrobacterial binary plasmids and plant viral vectors, to achieve high‐level target antigen expression in plants. As an additional feature, to aid in target expression, stability and purification, we have engineered a thermostable carrier molecule to which antigens are fused. We have applied this launch vector/carrier system to engineer and express target antigens from various pathogens, including, influenza A/Vietnam/04 (H5N1) virus.     

缺氧诱导因子1α与核因子κB在炎症缺氧环境中相互作用研究进展

慢性炎症是一系列临床难治疾病（包括心血管损伤、炎性肠病、癌症等）的病理学基础,而缺氧是慢性炎症引起组织损伤的重要病理生理学机制。缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）对组织适应缺氧具有调节作用。缺氧时,HIF-1α通过激活适应性转录反应以协调低氧组织中的氧供应和代谢活性,此过程涉及血管生成因子和血管活性物质等细胞因子的上调。调节免疫应答和细胞凋亡的核因子κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）具有与HIF-1α类似的功能,即在低氧条件下通过改变氧依赖性羟脯氨酸化酶活性来调节缺氧状态。此文讨论了在多种炎症性疾病中HIF-1α与NF-κB激活通路之间的相互作用,以及HIF-1α和NF-κB通路作为炎症性疾病治疗靶点的潜力。     

Epigallocatechin gallate stimulates the neuroreactive salivary secretomotor system in autoimmune sialadenitis of MRL-Faslpr mice via activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and inactivation of nuclear factor κB

Abstract

The water channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) plays a crucial role in regulating salivary flow rates. Xerostomia is often observed in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and this is attributed to reduced AQP5 expression in the salivary glands. Recently, anti-type 3 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (M₃R) autoantibodies and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) have been found to be negative regulators of AQP5 expression in the salivary gland. Anti-M₃R autoantibodies desensitize M₃R to salivary secretagogues in Sjögren's syndrome, while activated NF-κB translocates to nuclei and binds to the AQP5 gene promoter, resulting in the suppression of AQP5 expression. We previously documented that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is a robust antioxidant contained in green tea, ameliorates oxidative stress-induced tissue damage to the salivary glands of MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL-Fas^lpr) mice, which are widely used as a model of Sjögren's syndrome. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can activate NF-κB and inactivate protein kinase A (PKA), which is a key driver of AQP5 expression. In this study, we examined the effects of administering EGCG to MRL-Fas^lpr mice with autoimmune sialadenitis on the levels of AQP5, activated NF-κB p65 subunit, activated PKA, activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (an activator of NF-κB), inhibitor κB (IκB) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) (an inhibitor of NF-κB). In EGCG-treated mice, intense aster-like immunostaining for AQP5 was observed on the apical plasma membranes (APMs) of submandibular gland acinar cells. Likewise, PKA, IκB and HDAC1 were highly expressed in salivary gland tissues, whereas the expression of JNK and NF-κB p65 was negligible. Rank correlation and partial correlation analyses revealed that treatment with EGCG upregulated AQP5 expression on the APM of acinar cells through activation of PKA and inactivation of NF-κB, while IκB and HDAC1 played a pivotal role in the induction of AQP5 expression by PKA. Our study indicates that EGCG may have therapeutic potential for Sjögren's syndrome patients.     

First overview of the Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) livestock associated species of Reunion Island,Indian Ocean

This study establishes the first faunistic inventory of livestock associated Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), where bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease are regularly recorded. Single night-catches were performed at 41 sites using light suction traps at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1525 m, from March to April 2005. Five species were recorded: Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos, Culicoides enderleini, Culicoides grahamii, and Culicoides kibatiensis, among which at least the first three species are known to be involved in virus transmission to ruminants and equids. This is the first record of C. bolitinos, C. kibatiensis, and C. enderleini on the island. C. imicola was the most abundant species along the sea coast. C. bolitinos was more abundant inland and on two sites on the east coast. C. kibatiensis and C. grahamii were less abundant than the other three species and limited to two foci.     

Biosynthesis of collagen I,II, RUNX2 and lubricin at different time points of chondrogenic differentiation in a 3D in vitro model of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue

The first aim of the study was to identify the most appropriate time for differentiation of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes, through the self-assembly process. For this purpose, the expression of some chondrocyte markers, such as collagen type I, collagen type II, RUNX2 and lubricin was investigated at different times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The second aim of the study was to demonstrate that the expression of lubricin, such as the expression of collagen type II, could be a possible biomarker for the detection of chondrocytes well-being and viability in the natural self-assembling constructs, called ‘cell pellets’. Histology (hematoxylin and eosin) and histochemistry (alcian blue staining) methods were used to assess the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. The results showed that after 21 days the differentiated chondrocytes, when compared with MSCs cultured without chondrogenic medium (CD44, CD90 and CD105 positive; CD45, CD14 and CD34 negative), were able to produce significant quantities of collagen type I, collagen type II, and lubricin, suggesting hyaline cartilage formation. During the differentiation phase, the cells showed a reduced expression of RUNX2, a protein expressed by osteoblasts. Our studies demonstrated that 21 days is the optimum time for the implantation of chondrocytes differentiated from adipose tissue-derived MSCs. This information could be useful for the future development of cell-based repair therapies for degenerative diseases of articular cartilage.