萝卜硫素联合索拉菲尼对肝癌HepG2细胞生长抑制和凋亡的影响

[目的] 探讨萝卜硫素与索拉菲尼联合对肝癌HepG2细胞生长抑制及凋亡的作用,并观察其可能的机制。[方法] 细胞计数试剂盒8（CCK8）法分析了萝卜硫素、索拉菲尼及两者联合给药对HepG2细胞增殖抑制率的影响,计算每种药物的半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）及联合时的联合指数（CI）;流式细胞仪检测了HepG2细胞凋亡情况;免疫蛋白印记（Western Blot）检测了细胞周期蛋白D1（ClinD1）、C-myc、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、磷酸化核因子-κB（p-NF-κB）及磷酸化核因子κB抑制蛋白α（p-IκBα）蛋白表达水平。[结果] 萝卜硫素与索拉菲尼联合对HepG2细胞增殖抑制作用和凋亡诱导作用显著高于各单独给药（P<0.05）,还表现出浓度依赖性,呈现出明显的协同作用（CI值<1）。Western Blot结果显示,相比于对照组及单独给药组,联合给药能显著抑制原癌基因[细胞周期蛋白D1（ClinD1）和C-myc]、抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、p-NF-κB及磷酸化IκBα蛋白的表达,诱导促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达（P<0.05）。[结论] 萝卜硫素与索拉菲尼联合对HepG2细胞具有协同抗肿瘤作用,机制可能与诱导细胞凋亡及抑制NF-κB信号通路活化有关。     

转基因斑马鱼模型应用于索拉非尼抗肝癌活性筛选的方法研究

目的 使用斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 肝癌模型进行药物筛选,确定筛选方法和最适条件。方法 用不同浓度盐酸多西环素 (Dox) 处理转基因斑马鱼胚胎,诱导其肝脏异常增生,通过综合评价诱导效应与毒性效应,确定适合的诱导浓度;选择适宜的诱导浓度,对索拉非尼抑制肝部异常增生的能力进行评估。结果 确定了盐酸多西环素的最适诱导浓度为30~60mg/L,索拉非尼对斑马鱼模型的肝部异常增生有显著的抑制作用,同时也观察到药物的毒副作用。结论 该模型适用于索拉非尼及其类似物抗肝癌活性的评价与筛选,是评估化合物体内生物活性的快速筛选模型,同时也可以观测毒副作用,在其它抗肝癌药物及与Ras下游信号通路相关靶点的药物的筛选等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Metformin inhibits the prometastatic effect of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating the expression of TIP30

We previously found that a low dose of sorafenib had a prometastatic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was caused by downregulation of TIP30 expression. More recently, metformin has been shown to have potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for different cancers, including HCC. This study evaluated whether the combination of sorafenib and metformin is sufficient to revert the expression of TIP30, thereby simultaneously reducing lung metastasis and improving survival. Our data show that the combination of sorafenib and metformin inhibits proliferation and invasion in vitro, prolongs median survival, and reduces lung metastasis of HCC in vivo. This effect is closely associated with the upregulation of TIP30, partly through activating AMP‐activated protein kinase. Thioredoxin, a prometastasis factor, is negatively regulated by TIP30 and plays an essential role during the process of HCC metastasis. Overall, our results suggest that metformin might be a potent enhancer for the treatment of HCC by using sorafenib.     

Combination targeted therapy of VEGFR inhibitor,sorafenib, with an mTOR inhibitor,sirolimus induced a remakable response of rapid progressive Uterine PEComa

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor is a rare tumor. To date, there is no consensus of therapy to be recommended for unresectable disease. For a low incidence and a rarely curable disease, the finding of new therapy is essential.

Here we report the first case of a patient with perivascular epithelioid cell tumor whose disease had a rapid progression after surgery and had a rapid remarkable response of combination therapy of a VEGFR inhibitor, sorafenib, with an mTOR inhibitor, sirolimus.

This result may have potential to deliver a new treatment option and inhibiting the mTOR pathway combined with inhibiting the VEGF pathways may be a useful strategy for malignant PEComas.     

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads plus lenvatinib versus sorafenib,a propensity score matching retrospective study

Recently, a prospective randomized study suggested that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus lenvatinib, as opposed to TACE plus sorafenib, was an effective and promising treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) having portal vein thrombus (PVTT) and large tumor burden. However, no propensity score matching retrospective studies on TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) plus lenvatinib (DEB-TACE+LEN) versus DEB-TACE plus sorafenib (DEB-TACE+SOR) for advanced HCC has been reported to date. The medical records of consecutive patients with advanced HCC who underwent DEB-TACE+LEN or DEB-TACE+SOR between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Mutation genes (VEGF, ANG2, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) were measured by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Adverse events (AEs), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were compared between patients who underwent DEB-TACE+LEN and DEB-TACE+SOR. In total, 150 patients were enrolled in this study. The DEB-TACE+LEN group (n=50) showed significantly better ORR (64.0% vs. 33.3%; P=0.008), OS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41-0.98; P=0.043), and TTP (HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.94; P=0.023) than that in the DEB-TACE+SOR group (n=100). Subgroup analyses showed that in patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), OS and TTP were significantly longer in the DEB-TACE+LEN group than in the DEB-TACE+SOR group (HR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.98; P=0.043; HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.35-2.29; P=0.035). In patients with FGF21 amplification, OS was also significantly longer in the DEB-TACE+LEN group than that in the DEB-TACE+SOR group (HR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.66; P=0.003). The patients in DEB-TACE+LEN group had a significantly lower incidence of hand-foot skin reaction (32.0% vs. 49.0%; P=0.048), but a higher incidence of proteinuria (26.0% vs. 10.0%; P=0.010) than that in the DEB-TACE+SOR group. In conclusion, DEB-TACE+LEN conferred better ORR, OS and TTP than did DEB-TACE+SOR in patients with advanced HCC, especially those with PVTT and FGF21 amplification, with acceptable AEs; thus making it a superior treatment modality for these patients.     

索拉菲尼对原发性肝癌术后患者疗效的系统评价

目的:系统评价索拉菲尼对原发性肝癌切除术后患者的疗效。方法:在Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网（CNKI）数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学数据库（CBM）检索有关索拉菲尼对原发性肝癌患者术后辅助治疗效果,主要观察目标为总生存期,次要观察目标为肿瘤复发率和死亡率。结果:索拉非尼治疗组与对照组比较,总生存率无显着性差异（HR=1.39,95％CI:0.71~2.74,P=0.34）;复发率无显著性差异（RR=0.81,95％CI:0.65~1.01,P=0.06）。随即我们根据文献类型,将研究分为试验性研究和观察性研究两个亚组来分析患者死亡率,发现临床试验组中肝癌术后接受索拉菲尼治疗的患者死亡率虽然降低但无统计学意义（P=0.45）,而在观察研究组中是具有统计学意义的（RR=0.66,95％CI:0.51~0.87,P=0.003）。结论:对于肝癌术后患者索拉菲尼并不能提高患者总生存期,也不能降低肿瘤复发率,但亚组分析中可以降低患者的死亡率。因此索拉非尼是否是原发性肝癌切除后患者有效的辅助治疗手段,目前仍缺乏足够证据。