对献血者巨细胞病毒感染的研究

目的 了解献血中巨细胞病毒(HCMV)感染状况，并探索一种比较简便的检测方法。方法 用PCR法和DNA杂交法检测同一献血的白细胞及血清中的HCMV—DNA，并用ELISA法检测血清中的HCMV-IgM、IgG(测4个滴度)，连续2a共检测白细胞和血清样本各200人份。结果 PCR法检测白细胞中的HCMV-DNA阳性率分别为63％和70％，DNA杂交法检测的阳性率分别为42％和50％；PCR法检测血清中的HCMV-DNA的阳性率分别为49％和53％，DNA杂交法检测的阳性率分别为33％和39％；HCMV-IgM阳性率2a均为5％；HCMV-IgG阳性率分别为54％和58％。结论 HCMV-IgG抗体可作为HCMV感染的指标。     

The role of tumor necrosis factor receptors in cell signaling and the significance of soluble form levels in the serum

Two types of tumor necrosis factor membrane receptors (TNF-R) have been identified, namely 55 and 75 kDa TNF-R. Soluble forms of these receptors are present in the human serum. Recent findings on the role of these two TNF-R in biological cell signaling and the clinical significance of the serum levels of soluble TNF-R (sTNF-R) were reviewed. It is not the uptake of TNF molecules into cells but rather the molecular capping of TNF-R on the cell membrane that initiates the biological activity of TNF. The 55 kDa TNF-R mediates major bioactivities of TNF, while the significance of 75 kDa TNF-R remains unclear. We herein suggest a new concept of the role of these two TNF-R: The 75 kDa TNF-R signal appeared to enhance that of 55 kDa TNF-R in the induction of ICAM-1 expression on HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells. High serum levels of sTNF-R are reported in patients with malignancy, endotoxin shock, pneumonia, and autoimmune diseases. However, the source of elevated serum sTNF-R remains unclear. Studies on the clinical usefulness of serum sTNF-R levels as cancer and inflammation markers are now being carried out.     

Effects of Zinc on Burns Healing and Correlation Between Serum Zinc and Serum Protein and Alkaline Phosphatase in Burned Rabbits

We report herein effects of varying dietary zinc contents on burns healing andcorrelation between serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and serumprotein in 15% total body surface area (TBSA) of Ⅲ°burned Lop rabbits.Serum zincconcentration in the rabbits given a low zinc diet for 2 weeks and those with burnsdecreased significantly,and further decreased and failed to return to normal in the rabbitwith a low zinc diet and burns.On the contrary,serum zinc was recovered rapidly tonormal in the groups fed an adequate zinc diet.Similar changes were found in serum AKPactivity.Postburn total serum protein and albumin contents were markedly decreased anddid not return to normal on d 15.Burns healing in the high zinc group was over 10 dfaster than that in the low zinc group.Serum zinc was found to be well correlated withserum AKP activity and serum protein.These results strongly suggest that zinc might be afactor benefiting burns healing.We conclude that serum AKP activity could be used as adiagnostic criterion of postburn hypozincemia as well as a valid index in the assessment ofthe effectiveness of supplemental zinc.     

Species Differences of Serum Albumins: II. Chemical and Thermal Stability

Purpose. The chemical and thermal stability of five species of mammalian serum albumins (human, bovine, dog, rabbit, and rat) were investigated, and conformational stabilities were compared to obtain structural information about the different albumins. Methods. The chemical stability was estimated by using guanidine hydrochloride (GdnCl), and monitored by fluorometry and circular dichroism (CD). Thermal stability was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results. In human, bovine, and rat albumin, two transitions were observed when GdnCl-induced denaturation was monitored fluorometrically, indicating at least one stable intermediate, although, in dog and rabbit albumin, only one transition was observed. However, GdnCl denaturation, as monitored by the ellipticity, showed a two-state transition in all species used in this study. Since these proteins, showing two transitions, contained a conserved tryptophan residue within domain II, these structural changes might have occurred in domain II during intermediate formation. DSC measurements showed that human, bovine, and rat albumin exhibited single sharp endotherms and these were clearly consistent with a two-state transition, while the deconvolution analysis of broad thermograms observed for dog and rabbit albumin showed that the absorption peaks could be approximated by a two-component composition, and were consistent with independent transitions of two different cooperative blocks. Conclusions. These experimental results demonstrate that species differences exist with respect to the conformational stability and the mechanism of the unfolding pathway for mammalian albumin.     

复合氨基酸注射液18-3224治疗营养不良低蛋白血症的临床观察

复合氨基酸注射液18-3224系一种新型等渗、供外周静脉注射用的氨基酸制剂。74例继发性营养不良、低蛋白血症患者随机分两组,50例应用本品每日 500 ml,连续应用 2周,患者血浆总蛋白、白蛋白及血清运铁蛋白浓度分别由 59.46±8.54 g/L、32.99±1.93 g/L、1.72±0.58g/L,增至63.14±8.72 g/L、35.61±3.53 g/L、2.15±0.79 g/L。血清游离氨基酸浓度不同程度增加。日本产相同制剂 Moriamin-N 以同法治疗24例同类型患者亦有相似效应。两组总有效率分别为72％和71％,差异无显著性意义。     

丙酸氯倍他索乳膏家兔体内药代动力学

目的研究丙酸氯倍他索乳膏家兔体内药代动力学特性。方法采用高效液相色谱法。结果单次给药后2h左右达峰，经多次给药后家兔体内的血药峰浓度及谷浓度呈上升趋势。结论显示丙酸氯倍他索在家兔体中有蓄积作用。     

Clinical Studies on Phosphate Handling in Hypercalcaemia

ABSTRACT. Phosphate indices (serum phosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate, renal threshold phosphate concentration (TmP/GFR) and index of phosphate excretion) were studied in 88 hypercalcaemic subjects: 64 with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and 24 with hypercalcaemia from other causes, predominantly malignant disease. HPT patients as a group could easily be separated from normal subjects (n = 16) and patients with functional hypoparathyroidism (n =7) by use of the phosphate variables but these indices were of little discriminating value for the differential diagnosis between HPT and hypercalcaemia from other causes. There was no difference in the urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion between the two hypercalcaemic patient groups, but HPT patients had clearly elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels compared with normal PTH concentrations in patients with other causes of hypercalcaemia. A positive correlation between cAMP and serum calcium and an inverse relationship between cAMP and TmP/GFR were found in patients with hypercalcaemic malignant disease. These findings suggest the existence of a humoral factor with PTH-like effects in malignant disease. Since PTH levels were low, the physiological actions were apparently not mediated by circulating PTH. No difference in the values for phosphate variables, PTH, cAMP or serum calcium was found between renal stone-forming and stone-free patients with HPT.     

Serum quinidine levels after administration of three different quinidine preparations

Summary In a single-blind cross-over study, 6 healthy volunteers took three different formulations, each containing 0.33 g of quinidine base, every 12 h for 96 h. A mean steady state serum level of 1.8 mg/l of quinidine base was produced by bisulphate tablets that dissolved rapidly. Long-acting Quinidine Durules® (sustained-release quinidine bisulphate) produced a mean steady state serum level that was 23% lower (NS) and Longacor® (quinidine arabogalactone sulphate) led to one that was 46% lower (p<0.05). The time taken to reach a steady state was longer after Longacor® than Quinidine Durules®. The results are discussed in relation to the conventional clinical use of quinidine, methods of estimating its concentration in serum, and the relative value of different formulations of quinidine salts.