奥美拉唑静脉给药治疗上消化道大出血的疗效观察

本文阐述了奥美拉唑（Ｏｍｅｐｒａｚｏｌｅ）治疗急性上消化道大出血８０例与法莫替丁（Ｆａｍｏｔｉｄｉｎｅ）治疗上消化道大出血５０例比较，前者有效率明显高于后者。提示奥美拉唑治疗急性上消化道大出血效果好，无副作用，减少了手术率、死亡率，是一种有效的止血药物。     

Laboratory screening method for selection of healthy volunteers

The aim of laboratory screening in Phase I is to exclude subjects with subclinical illness, who might be at increased risk in the study, and who might also adversely influence interpretation of the results. A new method for laboratory screening, based on Bayesian probability theory, is proposed, which consists of: 1. Drawing up a list of diseases to be excluded. 2. Defining for each disease, the maximum acceptable risk that an included subject could be affected by it. 3. Identifying one test for each disease. 4. Using a contingency table to calculate the specificity of the test and integrating the estimated prevalence of the disease from epidemiological data. 5. Applying the percentage obtained by the calculation of specificity to the previously determined distribution of values in the volunteer population to identify the threshold value for inclusion. Use of this deductive method in screening volunteers for Phase I trials affords increased security of selection, while reducing the number of non-pertinent exclusions because of laboratory findings.     

Screening of somatization disorder: validation of the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Test

The objective of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test for Somatization Disorder. We have designed a validity study using the Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, an instrument specifically designed to diagnose psychiatric morbidity in medical settings as the ‘golden rule’. The control group displayed ‘functional’ and ‘presenting’ somatization. The Othmer and DeSouza Screening Test, with a threshold of three symptoms, shows 88% sensitivity, 78% specificity and a misclassification rate of 17%. It is concluded that Othmer and DeSouza's screening test, with a threshold of three symptoms, is a useful tool for the diagnosis of somatization disorder in medical and primary care settings in Spain. Discrepancies with US findings are discussed on a cross-cultural basis.     

摆动筛运动的数学分析

本文分析了摆动筛的运动规律,并计算了位移、速度和加速度,分析了筛面上颗粒物体的受力情况,可供设计、制造和使用作参考。     

生理影像信息技术及其临床应用

生理影像是功能性医学影像的一个重要分支,也是临床医学工程的一个极其重要的研究和应用领域。多年来,作者及其研究生与临床医务人员相结合,在电生理影像和热生理影像的信息获取和数字化处理技术方面进行了大量及深入的研究,提出了一种体内热估计(ITE)新技术。本文重点介绍热生理影像信息在妇女乳腺癌诊断中的应用。通过对约五千例妇女乳腺病筛选的结果,表明了生理影像信息处理及ITE技术在临床医学上的应用价值。     

Conditional estimation of sensitivity and specificity from a phase 2 biomarker study allowing early termination for futility

Development of a disease screening biomarker involves several phases. In phase 2 its sensitivity and specificity is compared with established thresholds for minimally acceptable performance. Since we anticipate that most candidate markers will not prove to be useful and availability of specimens and funding is limited, early termination of a study is appropriate, if accumulating data indicate that the marker is inadequate. Yet, for markers that complete phase 2, we seek estimates of sensitivity and specificity to proceed with the design of subsequent phase 3 studies. We suggest early stopping criteria and estimation procedures that adjust for bias caused by the early termination option. An important aspect of our approach is to focus on properties of estimates conditional on reaching full study enrollment. We propose the conditional‐UMVUE and contrast it with other estimates, including naïve estimators, the well‐studied unconditional‐UMVUE and the mean and median Whitehead‐adjusted estimators. The conditional‐UMVUE appears to be a very good choice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The impact of new screening protocol on individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: Screening colonoscopy has been shown to reduce mortality and cancer stage in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) individuals. However, the benefit of screening in intermediate risk groups is unknown. The most recent national guidelines have recommended a reduction of screening frequency for the intermediate risk group. Therefore, this study aims to compare the results of colonoscopic screening in HNPCC and intermediate risk groups and assess the effect of the most recent screening protocol recommendations. METHOD: A total of 244 individuals; 108 from HNPCC families (28 mismatch repair gene carriers) and 136 from intermediate risk families were referred for regular colonoscopic screening by the Regional Genetics Service. Findings from 417 colonoscopies performed between 1992 and 2003 were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of three cancers, 39 adenomas and 41 hyperplastic polyps were found in the HNPCC group compared with one cancer, 22 adenomas and 19 hyperplasic polyps in the intermediate risk group. If the recent screening guidelines for the intermediate group were applied, then 89 (44%) fewer colonoscopies would have been performed. Although no cancers would have been missed, six adenomas (mean size = 5.7 mm, range 2-10 mm) with two graded as severely dysplasic and six hyperplastic polyps would not have been detected. CONCLUSION: The detection rate and distribution of adenomas were similar in both groups. If the new colonoscopic screening recommendations for the intermediate risk group had been applied, a small number of significant lesions would have been missed.