Teriparatide vs. calcitonin in the treatment of Asian postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis

This study compared the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of daily subcutaneous injections of teriparatide and salmon calcitonin in the treatment of postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis in Taiwan. This 6-month, multicenter, randomized, controlled study enrolled 63 women with established osteoporosis. They were randomized to receive either teriparatide 20 μg or calcitonin 100 IU daily in an open-label fashion. Lumber spine, femoral neck, total hip bone mineral density (BMD), and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured, and adverse events and tolerability were recorded. The results at 6 months showed that patients using teriparatide had larger mean increases in spinal BMD than those who used calcitonin (4.5% vs. 0.1%), but the BMD changes in these two groups at the femoral neck and the total hip were not significant. There were also larger mean increases in bone markers in the teriparatide group than in the calcitonin group (bone specific alkaline phosphatase 142% vs. 37%; osteocalcin 154% vs. 23%). We conclude that teriparatide has more positive effects on bone formation than salmon calcitonin, as shown by the larger increments of lumbar spine BMD and bone formation markers, and caused only mild adverse events and no significant change in liver, kidney or hematological parameters. Compared with the published global results, teriparatide seems to be equally effective and safe to use in this Asian population.     

照射后大鼠外周血红细胞扫描电镜观察

本文用扫描电镜观察了6.25Gy全身照射后大鼠外周血红细胞表面形态的变化。于照前和照后l、3、7、14和30天取材,在2000倍率下各观察200个细胞,并算出正常和异形细胞的百分数。正常红细胞的形态是光滑的、双面凹的圆盘形,其直径3.3～5.2μ,照射前正常红细胞占总数98.15%(96.0～99.0%),异形红细胞很少。其中包括单嵴样红细胞,隆突形红细胞、球口形红细胞以及棘状红细胞等。照后1和3天,异形红细胞数明显增多,正常形态红细胞的百分数从照前的88.15分别降到96.55和93.45(P<0.05和P<0.001)。照后7天,正常形态红细胞的百分数又接近照前水平。     

食管癌患者血缘亲属及不同性别食管癌患病风险比较研究

目的 对比分析食管癌病例组与对照组血缘亲属食管癌患病风险,并了解食管癌家族中危险亲属人群患病的新线索.方法 采用病例对照研究方法 ,对食管癌病例组及对照组各720例进行逐层分析,以比较两组各血缘亲属父系、母系食管癌患病危险度(OR)的大小及差异.结果 (1)病例组Ⅰ级亲属食管癌患病危险度(1.34%～2.24%)显著高于对照组(0.78%～1.21%)(P＜0.01);Ⅰ级亲属中病例组父母亲食管癌患病危险度为6.11%,显著高于对照组父母亲食管癌患病危险度2.97%(P＜0O01).(2)以血缘亲属中父系和母系亲属逐层分析可见,病例组父系食管癌患病危险度(0.87%～1.01%)与母系患病危险度(0.50%～0.79%)均显著高于对照组父系食管癌患病危险度(0.53%～0.65%)与母系患病危险度(0.38%～0.47%)(P＜0.05).进一步分析显示,病例组父系中男性亲属与母系中女性亲属,即父系中祖父、父亲、叔伯食管癌患病危险度为2.68%与母系中外祖母、母亲、姨的食管癌患病危险度1.91%均显著高于对照组父系中男性亲属食管癌患病危险度1.50%与母系中女性亲属食管癌患病危险度0.92%(P＜0.01).结论 山西省食管癌患者血缘亲属发病危险主要是父亲及其兄弟、母亲及其姐妹,其下代患食管癌风险要大.     

Bone growth patterns in Chinese children and adolescents: a 6-year follow-up study provides evidence for sexual dimorphism and tracking

Summary We prospectively examined bone growth patterns in 894 children aged 6–17 years at the baseline visit, with a 6-year follow-up. Results show bone “tracking” over a six-year interval and sexual dimorphism of bone attained levels and timing of peak bone growth. Our findings underscore childhood and adolescence as critical periods for building bone and developing gender differences. Introduction Bone growth patterns were prospectively examined in 894 Chinese children (496 males), aged 6–17 yrs, from a population-based twin cohort. Whole-body bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by DEXA at baseline and a 6-yr follow-up. Methods Graphic smoothing plots and generalized estimating equations were used to model bone attained levels, growth, and “tracking”. Results Attained levels of BMC and BA increased curvilinearly with age. Male attained levels were higher than females after age ∼15 yr, but BMD was lower between 13–17 yrs (Tanner stage I to IV). In both genders, peak BMC and BMD growth lagged ∼2 yrs behind peak BA growth, which lagged 2 yrs behind peak height growth. Peak bone growth occurred 1–3 yrs later in males. Over the 6-yr follow-up, all bone measurements “tracked”, but “shifting” across ranks also occurred, and baseline tertile ranking influenced bone growth. Females with early menarche had higher attained levels than females with late menarche at age 12–13 yrs. Conclusion Our findings confirm and expand previous studies on peak bone growth conducted in Caucasian cohorts, particularly sexually dimorphic and maturational effects. The significant “tracking” of bone measurements in this 6-yr follow-up study underscores the importance that osteoporosis prevention should begin in childhood and adolescence. Fengxiu Ouyang and Binyan Wang contributed equally to this article. Source(s) of support: This study is supported in part by grant R01 HD049059, R01 HL0864619 and R01 AR045651 from the National Institute of Health and by the Food Allergy Project.     

Bone Mineral Density Determinations by Dual-Energy x-ray Absorptiometry in the Management of Patients with Marfan Syndrome—Some Factors Which Affect the Measurement

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) was sporadically reported in patients with Marfan syndrome. This may or may not place the Marfan patient at increased risk for bone fracture. In comparing the BMDs of our patients with those reported in the literature, it seemed that agreement between values, and hence the degree of osteoporosis or osteopenia reported, was dependent on the instrumentation used. The objective of this study was to statistically assess this impression. Bone mineral density measurements from our previously published study of 30 adults with Marfan syndrome performed on a Lunar DPXL machine were compared with studies published between 1993–2000 measured using either Lunar or Hologic bone densitometry instruments. The differences of our measurements compared with those made on other Lunar machines were not statistically significant, but did differ significantly with published results from Hologic machines (P < 0.001). Before progress can be made in the assessment of BMD and fracture risk in Marfan patients and in the evidence-based orthopedic management of these patients, standardization of instrumental bone density determinations will be required along with considerations of height, obesity, age, and sex.     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

辛伐他汀对人低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰影响的实验研究

目的研究辛伐他汀在体外对低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰的影响.方法以低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰为模型,以硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)生成量及相对电泳迁移率(REM)为指标,研究了辛伐他汀对铜离子(Cu2 )诱导低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰的抑制作用.结果随辛伐他汀浓度从1～10μmol/L的增加,TBARS值分别减少67.3%,73.9%,81.9%,REM值减少48.3%,55.2%,58.6%,呈浓度及时间依赖关系.其中10μmol/L辛伐他汀可几乎完全抑制低密度脂蛋白氧化.结论辛伐他汀在体外能明显抑制Cu2 诱导的低密度脂蛋白氧化修饰.     

食管鳞癌中肿瘤微血管密度的临床意义

目的　研究分析食管癌组织中肿瘤微血管密度 (MVD)的临床意义。方法　采用免疫组化的方法检测4 5例食管鳞癌根治性切除术后的肿瘤组织中的肿瘤微血管密度 ,应用SPSS统计软件分析肿瘤MVD与食管鳞癌临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果　本组病例中 ,肿瘤MVD平均值为 15 .5 8,中位值为 15。MVD水平与食管癌的肿瘤局部浸润程度、区域淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。多血管型 (MVD >15 )病例的术后生存率低于少血管型 (MVD≤ 15 )病例 (P =0 .0 2 78)。Cox比例风险模型证实MVD水平是食管癌根治性切除病人预后的独立预测指标。结论　食管鳞癌的血管新生与癌肿进展程度有关 ,高MVD的食管鳞癌患者术后生存率明显低于低MVD的患者 ,其MVD水平可独立用于预测食管癌根治性切除病人的预后     

湖南省洪涝灾害高发地区钩端螺旋体病流行因素的研究

目的研究湖南省洪涝灾害高发地区钩端螺旋体病的流行因素。方法选择洞庭湖区6个县研究传染源密度、带茵情况和自然人群、病人与动物抗体水平，按国家有关标准进行实验室和现场工作。结果(1)传染源：灭鼠前、后和钩体病流行后期鼠密度分别为7．02％、2．31％和4．64％，优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠，灭鼠后鼠密度下降了67．09％：村民家庭家畜饲养以圈养形式占99．15％，喂商品混合饲料的占72．33％。(2)病原学：对鼠、猪、犬和病人的标本进行钩体培养，分离出82株钩体，黄疸出血群占70．73％，1株国内新型茵，黑线姬鼠分离率高达11．03％。(3)血清学：检测1263名自然人15个群钩体抗体，一群以上抗体阳性率未接种钩体苗为50．88％，接种一针四价钩体为72．55％，人群抗体有14群之多；检测85例病人双份血清抗体，确诊63例，符合率74．11％，黄疸出血群感染比例最高；流行季节牛、犬和出栏猪抗体分别有14、8和7个群，牛阳性率最高。结论流行前灭鼠效果好，不仅降低了鼠密度，还降低了带茵率；主要传染源是鼠和牛，牛作为传染源的意义大于猪和犬；人群接种一针四价钩体菌苗亦有效；病人感染黄疸出血、澳洲和秋季群为多。     

Characteristics and course of bone mineral densities among fast bone losers in a rural Japanese community: the Miyama Study

The aim of this study was to clarify and compare the temporal course of bone mineral density (BMD) between fast bone losers and normal residents in Miyama Village, a rural Japanese community. BMD was measured over a 10-year period in a cohort study in Miyama Village, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, to provide information on rate of bone loss in the mature and elderly population. Subjects (n=400) were selected by sex and age stratum from the full list of residents born in 1910–1949, with 50 men and 50 women in each age decade. Baseline BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 1990, 1993, 1997 and 2000. In the cohort, 171 men and 189 women completed the follow-up survey performed in 1993. After calculating the rate of bone loss between 1990 and 1993, the greatest tertile from the distribution of bone loss was categorized as fast bone losers, with the remainder considered as normal subjects. Changes in BMD were compared between normal subjects and fast bone losers over the 10-year period. Mean rate of change for BMD at both lumbar spine and femoral neck in fast bone losers recovered to levels similar to those in normal subjects over 7 years of observation. By contrast, BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck decreased steeply over the 10-year period in both groups, and mean BMD for fast bone losers was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (P<0.05). These differences were apparent only at the lumbar spine in both men and women, even after adjusting for age. These results indicate that fast bone loss is a transient phenomenon rather than a fixed status, although individuals who have been categorized as fast bone losers at some stage continue to display low BMD in the lumbar spine.