16例胸膜间皮瘤临床分析

１６例胸膜间皮瘤，其中１例有石棉接触史，占６．１７％；＞４０岁者占８１．５％。主要临床表现为胸痛、气短、咳嗽、低热和胸腔积液，临床上易误诊为结核性胸膜炎、肺癌胸膜转移等。胸部ｘ线检查及胸部ＣＴ对该病的诊断有帮助，大都有特征性表现。确诊靠针刺胸膜活检及开胸活检。胸膜间皮瘤的治疗主要采用手术、放疗和化疗，对于局限型治疗首选手术切除。肿瘤的良、恶性、疾病的分期及治疗与预后有一定关系。     

Intraoperative radiotherapy of upper abdominal tumours

Thirty patients with malignant tumours in the upper abdomen underwent surgery and intraoperalive radiation (IORT), using electron beam, to: the surgical bed, residual or unresected tumour. The technical aspects and results of this treatment are described. Renal, adrenal, bile duct and gastrointestinal tumours were treated. along with several other lesions. The surgical procedure consisted in 10 cases simply of exposure of the tumour for IORT and in 20 the tumour was resected. The TORT dose ranged from 10 to: 20 Gv. In 13 patients, external beam radiation was also given to: residual tumour or to: areas of high risk for recurrence. Chemotherapy was given to: 10 patients. Tolerance to: the combined treatment was acceptable; with few complications related to: IORT.The median follow-up and survival time 23 months (range 4-more than 70 months). Local tumour control rate (or tumour stabilisation) is 90%. Distant metastases developed in 19 patients (63%). The actuarial survival rate for the group projected at 70 months (maximum follow-up) is 37%. IORT in useful in the management of tumours arising in the upper abdominal organs, for palliation surgery or when resectability of the tumour is in doubt. Indications for IORT include patients with uncommon tumours of the upper abdomen who are not be candidates for standardised cancer treatment.Presented at the European Congress of Radiology, Vienna, September 15–20,1991     

低位直肠癌根治性切除保肛术式53例临床应用研究

本文介绍一种经腹低位直肠癌根治性切除，保留肛门，乙状结肠拖下固定术式。６年来共施行此手术５３例，占同期低位直肠癌（肿瘤下缘距齿状线２～８ｃｍ）手术部数的９６％（５３／５５）。术后２年和５年肿瘤复发率分别７．７％和１４．３％。术后４周、８周和６个月内完全肛门排便功能者分别占４．９１％、９８％和１００％。肛门功能恢复程度均属均属优良。作者对此术式的特点，并根据手术疗效对保留肛门功能的合理性及其根治性进     

肺鳞癌间质毛细血管基底膜Ⅳ型胶原免疫组化研究

本文应用Ⅳ型胶原免疫组化染色对２４例肺鳞癌间质毛细血管基底膜进行研究。结果在明：肺鳞癌间质毛细血管基底膜依据染色结果可分为３种类型：Ⅰ型（基底膜呈连续线状），Ⅱ型（有缺损），Ⅲ型（缺如）。高分化鳞癌间质毛血管基底膜以Ⅰ型为主（９／１３）、低分化者５例均为Ⅲ型。结果初步证明：肺鳞癌间质毛细血管基底膜存在不同程度缺损，其损伤程度与组织分化程度相关。并认为肺鳞癌间质毛细血管基底膜缺损与肿瘤转移有密切关系。     

经蝶垂体腺瘤手术后残留原因分析

目的：探讨经蝶切除垂体腺瘤手术后残留的原因，提高治疗效果；方法：回顾性分析自1992年10月至2003年1月，在我院及外院经蝶手术治疗后，MRI检查证实仍有残留的118例垂体腺瘤。结果：肿瘤主体残留在海绵窦占46．6％，鞍内37．3％，鞍上5．1％，混合9．3％，颅外1．7％；影响肿瘤根除的主要因素，肿瘤侵袭海绵窦46．6％，术者经验不足36．4％，肿瘤侵润生长9．3％，肿瘤体积巨大3．4％，出血多4．2％。针对残余瘤组织再手术者为10．1％，普通放射治疗39．0％，r刀治疗38．2％，药物治疗11．0％。结论：经蝶手术残瘤的主要原因是肿瘤侵袭海绵窦，这些病例不能或很难单纯手术根除；其次是术者经验不足和技术问题而造成。在有残瘤的病例中，有半数以上病例可以通过提高技术水平达到肿瘤的全切或次全切除。     

前列腺癌去雄激素治疗不良反应的预防和处理

目的观察去雄激素治疗前列腺癌的不良反应,并探讨其预防和治疗。方法回顾性分析1998年7月-2006年1月112例去雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床资料。结果112例患者中,97例完成了不良反应的调查。随访3-36月,去雄激素治疗后潮热、性功能障碍、病理性骨折发生率分别为46％、75％、4％;患者潮热、精神疲乏、四肢乏力、纳差症状明显加重(P<0．05);性功能明显减退(P<0．05)。12例潮热症状严重者使用抗抑郁药博乐欣(25mg,tid)1-2周症状减轻。7例有骨转移性疼痛或严重骨质疏松患者,应用唑来膦酸4mg静脉滴注,每45d一次,骨痛症状缓解。结论去雄激素对前列腺癌患者生活质量有一定影响。博乐欣可减轻患者潮热症状,唑来膦酸可预防和治疗去雄激素相关的骨质疏松并发症。     

纤维连接蛋白在膀胱癌丝裂霉素化疗药物耐受中的作用

目的 :探讨纤维连接蛋白 (FN)在膀胱癌化疗药物耐受中的作用。方法 :将T2 4膀胱肿瘤细胞分别接种于包被FN、牛血清蛋白 (BSA)的培养板上孵育 2 4h ,加入不同浓度的丝裂霉素C(MMC)作用 2h ,用MTT比色法检测作用后不同时间肿瘤细胞的存活率 ,用ANNEXINⅤ流式细胞分析仪检测不同时间肿瘤细胞的凋亡率。结果 :FN黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞在不同浓度MMC作用 2h、12h和 2 4h后的平均存活率为 6 8.3%、4 5 .7%及 5 9.1% ,与BSA黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞平均存活率 4 5 .0 %、2 1.3%、2 6 .6 %比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。FN黏附的膀胱肿瘤细胞在不同浓度MMC作用 2h和 12h后平均凋亡率分别为 1.4 %和 1.0 % ,而BSA组的细胞平均凋亡率为4 .9%和 8.2 % ,两组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :与FN黏附后的膀胱肿瘤细胞对化疗药物MMC的敏感性下降 ,细胞存活率增高 ;FN能抑制MMC引起的膀胱肿瘤细胞凋亡 ,产生药物耐受。     

细孔钻颅穿刺术对肿瘤的临床应用(附9例报告)

应用细孔钻颅穿刺术诊断和治疗颅内肿瘤9例,7例有颅内压增高症状和神经功能缺失。9例中囊性肿瘤6例,囊液最少者15ml,最多者115ml,平均50ml,穿刺放液后症状均改善,为手术赢得了时间;3例实质性肿瘤,穿刺活检有助于星形细胞瘤的确诊。     

A stereotactic approach to deep-seated central nervous system neoplasms using the carbon dioxide laser

This report describes a technique in which deep-seated CNS neoplasms, the volume and shape of which had been determined and stereotactically localized by computer reconstruction of CT data, were vaporized with a carbon dioxide laser attached to a stereotactic frame. The clinical results with 6 patients treated by this technique are presented.     

Review of non‐positron emission tomography functional imaging of primary musculoskeletal tumours: Beyond the humble bone scan

Bone and soft tissue tumours are rare neoplasms. There are five major roles of imaging in the management of primary musculoskeletal tumours, that is, to differentiate between benignity and malignancy, to evaluate for local tumour extension, to screen for metastases, to judge the effect of chemotherapy, and to monitor for recurrence. To accomplish this, multiple modalities are required because no single examination is able to complete all these tasks. These modalities include plain radiography, CT, MRI, conventional nuclear medicine as well as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Elsewhere, PET imaging has been discussed at length, because it is likely to be superior in the assessment of bone and soft tissue tumours over conventional nuclear medicine procedures. However, conventional nuclear medicine may be of value when PET is unavailable. In this review, an overview of anatomical imaging will be given and the role of non‐PET functional imaging will be discussed in detail. A variety of illustrative cases will be presented.