不同FT3水平对碘转换率影响的临床分析

目的探讨不同FT3水平对碘转换率的影响。方法分别测定438名毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Graves病）患者的FT3与3h及24h摄碘率水平,根据不同的FT3水平及碘转换率水平将患者分为三个组、四个等级,进行比较。结果不同FT3水平Graves病患者的碘转换率等级差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在Graves病患者中,不同FT3水平对碘转换率大小的影响不同,FT3水平的高低可以作为估计碘转换率大小的一个指标。     

外科手术方式对分化型甲状腺癌131I首次清甲的影响

目的 观察外科手术方式对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)131I首次残余甲状腺组织的清除或去除治疗(清甲)结果 的影响.方法 将38例DTC患者依据清甲效果分为成功组和失败组 ,手术方式主要以甲状腺床区摄131I率和B超测量残余甲状腺体积进行评价.结果 手术方式在两组间有明显的差异(P<0.05). 成功组24 h甲状腺床区摄...     

腺叶切除不完全分化型甲状腺癌131I疗效观察

目的 对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后患者实施放射性碘(131Ⅰ)清除残余甲状腺(清甲)治疗,分析影响清甲效果的相关因素.方法 收集DTC术后接受131Ⅰ清甲治疗患者的临床资料.采用Binary Logistic回归分析和x2检验,分析患者性别和年龄、DTC的病理学类型和有无转移、甲状腺残余组织大小、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平、甲状腺摄碘率和131Ⅰ治疗剂量对清甲疗效的影响.结果 共收集183例患者资料,其中一次清甲完全者109例,占59.56%.Binary Logistic回归分析表明,残余甲状腺大小和131Ⅰ治疗剂量分别是影响清甲效果的主要因素(Wald=8.59,P=0.003;Wald=6.40,P=0.011).x2检验结果 显示,与血清TSH水平≥30 μIU/mL患者比较,血清TSH水平<30 μIU/mL患者的清甲效果较差(x2=7.291,P=0.007);而血清TSH水平<60 μIU/mL与t>60 μIU/mL患者间清甲效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 在分化型甲状腺癌患者的131Ⅰ清甲治疗中,残余甲状腺大小和131Ⅰ治疗剂量是影响清甲效果的主要因素.血清TSH水平≥30 μIU/mL者的清甲疗效较好,而过高的血清TSH水平则并不能使清甲效果进一步提高.     

Optimisation of thyroid hormone replacement using an automated thyroid register

The high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction requires an efficient and effective means of monitoring and adjustment. We compared the current network of 12,524 patients with thyroid dysfunction with register data prior to 1991 to examine the precision of thyroxine replacement in patients with hypothyroidism and assess locally changing trends in treatment of hyperthyroidism. Since 1991, due to the associated adverse effects of a suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (<0.03 mU/l), the network has facilitated a significant reduction in the proportion of thyroxine-treated patients with TSH suppression from 58.5% before 1991 to 9.2 +/- 3.8% thereafter. Since 1991, there has been an increased use of radioiodine by 14.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 10.6-17.8] and a reduced use of thyroidectomy by 12.3% (95% CI: 8.8-15.8) to treat hyperthyroid patients compared with before 1991. Between the two treatments, there were no differences in subsequent rates of hypothyroidism or mean thyroxine dosage.     

Radiation exposure of the families of outpatients treated with radioiodine (iodine-131) for hyperthyroidism

Patients who receive radioiodine (iodine-131) treatment for hyperthyroidism (195–800 MBq) emit radiation and represent a potential hazard to other individuals. Critical groups amongst the public are fellow travellers on the patient’s journey home from hospital and members of the patient’s family, particularly young children. The dose which members of the public are allowed to receive as a result of a patient’s treatment has been reduced in Europe following recently revised recommendations from ICRP. The annual public dose limit is 1 mSv, though adult members of the patient’s family are allowed to receive higher doses, with the proviso that a limit of 5 mSv should not be exceeded over 5 years. Unless the doses received during out-patient administration of radioiodine can be demonstrated to comply with these new limits, hospitalisation of patients will be necessary. The radiation doses received by family members (35 adults and 87 children) of patients treated with radioiodine at five UK hospitals were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters mounted in wrist bands. Families were given advice (according to current practice) from their treatment centre about limiting close contact with the patient for a period of time after treatment. Doses measured over 3–6 weeks were adjusted to give an estimate of values which might have been expected if the dosimeters had been worn indefinitely. Thirty-five passengers accompanying patients home after treatment also recorded the dose received during the journey using electronic (digital) personal dosimeters. For the ”adjusted” doses to infinity, 97% of adults complied with a 5-mSv dose limit (range:0.2–5.8 mSv) and 89% of children with a 1-mSv limit (range: 0.2–7.2 mSv). However 6 of 17 children aged 3 years or less had an adjusted dose which exceeded this 1 mSv limit. The dose received by adults during travel was small in comparison with the total dose received. The median travel dose was 0.03 mSv for 1 h travel (range: 2 μSv-0.52 mSv for 1 h of travel time). These data suggest that hyperthyroid patients can continue to be treated with radioiodine on an out-patient basis, if given appropriate radiation protection advice. However, particular consideration needs to be given to children aged 3 years or younger. Admission to hospital is not warranted on radiation protection grounds. Received 31 December 1998 and in revised form 20 March 1999     

Appearance of Hürthle cell carcinoma soon after surgical extirpation of Hürthle cell adenoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland

Background

Hürthle cell neoplasms could be benign (Hürthle cell adenoma) or malignant (Hürthle cell carcinoma). Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare tumour, representing 5% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The cytological evaluation of Hürthle cell neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is complicated because of the presence of Hürthle cells in both Hürthle cell adenoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma. Thus, the preoperative distinction between these two entities is very difficult and possible only with pathohistological findings of the removed tumour.

Case report

A 57-year old female patient was admitted at our Department, for investigation of nodular thyroid gland. She was euthyroid and FNAB of the nodules in both thyroid lobes were consistent of Hürthle cell adenoma with cellular atypias. After thyroidectomy the histopathology revealed Hürthle cell adenoma with high cellular content and discrete cellular atypias in the left lobe and follicular thyroid adenoma without cellular atypias in the right lobe. One year after substitution therapy, a palpable tumour on the left side of the remnant tissue was found, significantly growing with time, presented as hot nodule on ^99mTc-sestamibi scan and conclusive with Hürthle cell adenoma with marked cellularity on FNAB. Tumorectomy was performed and well-differentiated Hürthle cell carcinoma detected. The patient received ablative dose of 100 mCi ¹³¹I. No signs of metastatic disease are present up to date.

Conclusions

The differences between Hürthle cell adenomas and Hürthle cell carcinomas could be clearly made only by histopathological evaluation. Patients with cytological diagnosis of Hürthle cell neoplasms should proceed to total thyroidectomy, especially if tumour size is > 1cm, FNAB findings comprise cellular atypias and/or multiple bilateral nodules are detected in the thyroid gland.     

Synthesis and evaluation of a radioiodinated BODIPY derivative as a thiol‐labeling agent

Labeling agents with radioisotopes or fluorescent dyes are useful for investigating the biodistributions of biologically active proteins and peptides. Compared with molecular imaging with a single modality, dual imaging probes provide complementary information for each modality. The development of a dual radioisotope/fluorescence agent for protein labeling would thus be valuable for both preclinical and clinical applications. In this study, we designed and synthesized a radioiodinated BODIPY derivative (BODIPY‐ML) with a maleimide group as a thiol‐labeling agent. In the presence of N‐chlorosuccinimide and 1% acetic acid, [¹²⁵I]BODIPY‐ML was successfully obtained at a radiochemical yield of 42%. In conjugation studies, model proteins including RGD peptides and anti‐HER2 VHH were successfully labeled with BODIPY‐ML via covalent bonds. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the radioiodinated BODIPY as a dual‐labeling agent via thiol groups.     

Compare FDG-PET and Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT to detect metastatic thyroid carcinoma

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-99m TF) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of neck and chest was evaluated to detect metastatic lesions in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma after nearly total thyroidectomy and radioiodine (I-131) treatment who present with elevated serum human thyroglobulin levels but negative I-131 whole body scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent nearly total thyroidectomy and I-131 treatments were included in this study. RESULTS: All of the 23 patients had negative I-131 whole body scan and elevated human thyroglobulin levels under thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation. Metastatic lesions were detected by FDG-PET in 20 patients, while Tc-99m TF SPECT revealed metastatic lesions in only 11 of the 20 patients. Both FDG-PET and Tc-99m TF SPECT failed to demonstrate miliary pulmonary metastases in two of the remaining three patients. The other patient did not show any lesion on FDG-PET, Tc-99m TF SPECT, chest computed tomography, or other imaging techniques. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that FDG-PET is more sensitive than Tc-99m TF SPECT to detect metastatic lesions in differentiated thyroid carcinoma with elevated human thyroglobulin but negative I-131 whole body scan. However, miliary pulmonary metastases could be missed by the both techniques.