蝎毒素Ⅳ的中枢镇痛作用

从东亚钳蝎粗毒中分离纯化出蝎毒素Ⅳ，经套管注入侧脑室，用辐射热测痛和屈肌反射检测两种方法，观察蝎毒素Ⅳ的中枢镇痛作用，结果蝎毒索Ⅳ可以明显延长大鼠缩腿潜伏期，并可显著抑制Ｃ纤维诱发的屈肌反射。提示蝎毒素Ⅳ具有显著的中枢镇痛作用。     

云芝多糖对小鼠超氧化物歧化酶活力的影响(英文)

目的:研究云芝多糖(CVP,ip)对小鼠有关组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的作用。方法:实验在正常,荷瘤和~(60)Co-γ线辐射损伤小鼠中同步进行。SOD活力测定采用肾上腺素自氧化法。结果:CVP既能不同程度地增强正常小鼠和正常迟发型超敏感性(DH)小鼠淋巴细胞,脾及胸腺中SOD的活力,又能明显恢复或防止肿瘤或辐射对小鼠DH和淋巴细胞,脾及胸腺中SOD的抑制效应。CVP对肿瘤生长和肿瘤组织中SOD活力均有明显抑制作用。结论:CVP对小鼠SOD活性有促进作用,CVP的抗肿瘤和免疫恢复作用与其对SOD的作用有一定的联系。     

颅脑超声对高原新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病观察及探讨

本文对西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）颅脑超声诊断分析脑缺氧缺血产生的原因、脑实质损伤程度及预后评估。提出对围产期窒息导致脑缺血性损害的预防措施。     

"Chronic painter''s syndrome". A reanalysis of psychological test data in a group of diagnosed cases, based on comparisons with matched controls

Twenty solvent-exposed workers, most of them painters, had been diagnosed as cases of toxic encephalopathy in 1978/79. Two years later they were re-examined with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Their performance was unchanged on retesting. We have now compared their test results with those of non-exposed control subjects. Previous impressions of significant intellectual impairment in the solvent-exposed patients could not be confirmed when the influence of age, education, and intelligence was taken into consideration. The present group with presumed toxic encephalopathy is assumed to be representative of other patients who were similarly diagnosed in our department. The presently reanalyzed cases had been diagnosed as brain damaged and reported as such in the literature. Thus, they may have contributed to the formation of the concept of the "chronic painters' syndrome" with dementia.     

Postoperative radiotherapy and radiotherapy combined with CCNU chemotherapy for treatment of brain gliomas

A prospective, randomized trial evaluates the effects of two postoperative treatment regimens on survival in 198 adult patients with supratentorial gliomas. All patients were irradiated with 6 000 rads after possibly radical removal of tumors. CCNU administration in the dosis of 100 mg/sq m of body surface every 6–8 weeks following surgery proved to have no significant effect on the survival of patients. The median survival time in patients receiving radiation therapy alone was 61±7 weeks, while in those receiving additional chemotherapy was 56±4 weeks. Tumor histological malignancy and patients age were found to be the only important prognostic factors, irrespective of the treatment modality. Address for offprints: T Trojanowski, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950 Lublin, Poland     

Five different tests of reaction time evaluated in HIV seropositive men

In an attempt to develop a short neuropsychological test battery five different tests of reaction time were assessed according to their ability to discriminate between HIV seropositive men and healthy controls. In all tests a patient group with clinical symptoms was slower than the control group. In the complex reaction time test, which has a large cognitive aspect, even a clinically "asymptomatic" group was slower than the control group. The movement test, a new test with a large motor component, identified most slow responders, defining approximately half of the patients with clinical symptoms and one third of the "asymptomatic" patients as such. A test battery consisting of three tests is suggested for serial assessment and screening.     

γ线照射对大鼠胃酸分泌及胃泌素释放的影响

本实验观察了大鼠全身照射不同剂量(4～25Gy)及全腹部照射(10Gy)后胃酸分泌的变化并用RIA方法测定照射后胃窦及血清中胃泌素水平.结果表明,全身8～25Gy照射后第3天,腹部10Gy照射后1～6周,胃酸分泌明显抑制.主现表现为胃液中[H~+]分泌的抑制,致使照射后胃液酸度降低.10Gy以上剂量照射使胃泌素释放增加,表现为血清胃泌素明显升高,胃窦胃泌素明显减少,导致照射引起的"低胃酸、高胃泌素血症".这种表现与人的某些萎缩性胃炎或恶性贫血的状况相似.     

Clinical application of rapid assay of interleukin-6 in influenza-associated encephalopathy

The characteristics of influenza-associated encephalopathy is the high mortality and nimble progress with coma which appears in general cases within 48 hours. Most of patients show no abnormalities in the standard blood checks on admission or in early stage. In this study we investigated if a rapid assay of interleukin (IL)-6 is useful in influenza-associated encephalopathy in early stages. The levels of IL-6 in patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy did not show any significant difference compared with those in patients with febrile convulsion and rotavirus-associated convulsion. However the levels of IL-6 in severe cases were significantly higher than those of mild cases with influenza-associated encephalopathy. Consequently the rapid assay of serum IL-6 is useful to evaluate and decide the therapies.     

215例急性和亚急性重型肝炎临床特征对比性分析

目的进一步了解急性重型和亚急性重型肝炎（简称急重和亚急重）患者的临床特征，以及它们之间的异同。方法收集和整理215例急重和亚急重住院患者的临床资料，使用X^2检验、t检验、回归分析等方法进行相关的统计学分析。结果①乙型肝炎病毒感染仍是急重和亚急重型肝炎的主要病因，均占30％以上。抗结核药物是药物性急重和亚急重肝炎的首要原因；②急重和亚急重患者肝性脑病发生率分别为78．13％和43．05％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；③急重患者的平均凝血酶原活动度低于20％，而亚急重患者平均凝血酶原活动度低于30％；④急重患者发生率前三位的并发症分别为肝性脑病、电解质紊乱及脑水肿；而亚急重则分别为腹水、电解质紊乱及肝性脑病；⑤急重和亚急重患者的病死率与病情最重时PT、WBC及中性粒细胞比例均呈正相关，而与PTA、TC均呈负相关；亚急重还与病情最重时TB、BLA及CRE呈正相关，与CHE、TG、PLT、ALB呈负相关。结论①急重和亚急重患者无论在好发年龄、肝性脑病发生率、肝性脑病出现时间，还是在凝血功能异常、预后与实验室指标等方面差异较大，属两个独立的疾病；②对于无肝性脑病的急重和亚急重患者，严重的凝血功能异常是一个重要的灵敏和特异性指标。     

核辐射对机体的影响

机体受到一定剂量核辐射后会出现多个器官结构和功能的改变.本文综述了机体受到低剂量核辐射后出现的免疫细胞数量和功能变化,包括淋巴细胞总数和部分亚群数量、淋巴细胞转化率、血清免疫球蛋白含量以及单核细胞功能等变化.同时还综述了核辐射对内分泌及遗传的影响.