拉曼耦合J-C模型中原子与光场间的量子纠缠

研究了拉曼耦合J—C模型中存在位相损耗时，原子与光场间的量子纠缠性质，讨论了位相损耗、光场平均光子数和不同的原子初态对系统纠缠特性的影响．结果表明：由于位相损耗的存在，使系统的纠缠随时间演化而减弱，但并不改变其演化的周期性；当光场较强时，其纠缠明显减弱；原子初始所处的状态对系统的纠缠性质也会产生明显的影响．     

Choroidal Neovascularization Associated with Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome Treated with Intravitreal Ranibizumab

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS).

Methods: This is a prospective, interventional, case series. All recruited patients underwent a baseline intravitreal ranibizumab injection and were monitored monthly over a 12-month follow-up, following a pro-re-nata regimen.

Results: Four patients (four eyes) were included in the study. Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changed from 0.60 ± 0.20 at baseline to 0.07 ± 0.05 logMAR at 12-month examination. Baseline central macular thickness reduced from 330 ± 32 µm to the final value of 228 ± 14 µm at the 1-year follow-up. Overall, a mean number of 2.2 ranibizumab injections were administered at the end of 12 months.

Conclusions: Intravitreal ranibizumab treatment represents a valuable therapeutic option for the management of CNV associated with MEWDS.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌与蜡状芽孢杆菌亲缘关系研究

目的探讨苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）与蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bc）的亲缘关系。为Bt鉴定、安全性评价及降低其致病风险等提供科学依据。方法采用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列-PCR（ERIC-PCR）技术。对6株苏云金芽孢杆菌和3株蜡状芽孢杆菌及对照菌株的基因组DNA进行扩增，对其指纹图谱进行分析；回收并克隆重复性好的苏云金芽孢杆菌基因组DNA扩增片段，以其为探针，分别与供试菌株基因组DNA进行杂交。结果与蜡状芽孢杆菌相比，苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株间基因组DNA指纹图谱较一致；所有供试苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株均扩增产生一条250bp左右的片段；苏云金芽孢杆菌与蜡状芽孢杆菌均可扩增产生600bp左右的共有DNA片段。此外，以苏云金芽孢杆菌500bp片段为探针与苏云金芽孢杆菌基因组DNA杂交有很好的特异性。结论肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列-PCR指纹图谱可以正确反映苏云金芽孢杆菌与蜡状芽孢杆菌亲缘关系：500bD片段可以作为苏云金芽孢杆菌鉴定探针。     

正常人双眼旋转融合功能的研究

目的 :探讨正常人双眼旋转融合功能。方法 :采用随机点同视机立体图 (random dotstereogramssynoptophone,RDSS)检测 6 2例正常人双眼旋转融合范围和旋转融合恢复力。结果 :①RDSS 80 0″～ 6 0″双眼外旋融合力是 (11.79± 3.4 0 )°～ (8.2 3± 1.91)°,内旋融合力是 (9.38± 3.4 0 )°～ (6 .4 8± 2 .72 )°。②RDSS不同视锐度的各组间比较 ,仅 2 0 0″和 6 0″内旋融合组之间差异无显著性 (P =0 .14 1) ,其余内旋、外旋融合各组间差异均有显著性 (P≤ 0 .0 1)。③RDSS 80 0″～ 6 0″双眼外旋融合力恢复点为 (5 .77± 1.89)°～ (3.6 7± 1.17)°,内旋融合力恢复点 (3.6 9± 1.2 1)°～ (2 .35± 1.4 0 )°。结论 :①双眼外旋、内旋融合力范围随立体视锐度的增高呈下降趋势 ,即视差越大 ,旋转融合力越大。②不同立体视锐度 ,其外旋、内旋融合力表现不同 ,能反映出与旋转融合功能的关系。临床可采用RDSS对双眼旋转融合力及范围进行检测。     

经典名方物质基准研制的关键技术分析

中药经典名方开发已成为当下中医药界研究的热点之一,而其中经典名方物质基准的成功研制对于整个中药经典名方的申报极为关键。经典名方物质基准既是检测经典名方制剂质量的基准,同时又需反映整方的物质基础。中药成分众多而复杂,单成分的、化药式的研发与质量控制模式难以适用于整体药用的中药制剂的开发,亟需开辟一条中药专属的研发模式。以目前已有的现代科学技术,笔者建议将中药的遗传多态性、提取动力学、指纹图谱总量统计矩(相似度)法、超分子"印迹模板"等结合应用于经典名方物质基准的研制,探讨中药经典名方物质基准的质量控制技术,以期全面、准确地阐明药材-饮片-物质基准的成分群量值的传递规律,为推进中药经典名方的研制进程提供参考。     

Cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus on acute myocardial ischemia against oxidative stress-triggered damage and cardiac cell death in rats

Aim

To study the cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) on acute myocardial ischemia injury rats induced by ligating of the left anterior descending branch (LAD), on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of SPJ was elucidated.

Materials and methods

SPJ was identified by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–220 g) were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, LAD, LAD + l-SPJ (SPJ, 50 mg/kg/day, orally) and LAD + h-SPJ (SPJ, 100 mg/kg/day, orally). Before operation, the foregoing groups were pretreated with homologous drug once a day for 7 days, respectively. After twelve hours in LAD, the cardioprotective effects of SPJ were evaluated by infarct size, biochemical values, hemodynamic, and histopathological observations and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic relative gene expressions.

Results

SPJ significantly improved heart function and decreased infarct size; remarkably decreased levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, xanthine oxide and malondialdehyde content, increased contents of serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, catalase; quantitative real-time PCR results showed that SPJ might markedly reverse the down-regulated mRNA expressions of the SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3, ameliorate the increased Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expressions and decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression and ratios of Bcl-2 to Bax. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for biochemical analyses, and with the dose of SPJ increasing, the aforesaid improvement became more and more strong.

Conclusions

The studies demonstrated that in ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress caused the overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was central of cardiac ischemic injury. SPJ exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia injury rats, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of ROS, alleviating myocardial ischemia injury and cardiac cell death.     

The hederagenin saponin SMG-1 is a natural FMLP receptor inhibitor that suppresses human neutrophil activation

The pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn is traditionally used as an expectorant in Japan, China, and Taiwan. Activated neutrophils produce high concentrations of the superoxide anion (O₂⁻) and elastase known to be involved in airway mucus hypersecretion. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory functions of hederagenin 3-O-(3,4-O-di-acetyl-α-l-arabinopyranoside)-(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside (SMG-1), a saponin isolated from S. mukorossi, and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in human neutrophils. SMG-1 potently and concentration-dependently inhibited O₂⁻ generation and elastase release in N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils. Furthermore, SMG-1 reduced membrane-associated p47^phox expression in FMLP-induced intact neutrophils, but did not alter subcellular NADPH oxidase activity in reconstituted systems. SMG-1 attenuated FMLP-induced increase of cytosolic calcium concentration and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK, and AKT. However, SMG-1 displayed no effect on cellular cAMP levels and activity of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase. Significantly, receptor-binding analysis showed that SMG-1 inhibited FMLP binding to its receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, neither phorbol myristate acetate-induced O₂⁻ generation and MAPKs activation nor thapsigargin-caused calcium mobilization was altered by SMG-1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SMG-1 is a natural inhibitor of the FMLP receptor, which may have the potential to be developed into a useful new therapeutic agent for treating neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.     

Switchable hardening of a ferromagnet at fixed temperature

The intended use of a magnetic material, from information storage to power conversion, depends crucially on its domain structure, traditionally crafted during materials synthesis. By contrast, we show that an external magnetic field, applied transverse to the preferred magnetization of a model disordered uniaxial ferromagnet, is an isothermal regulator of domain pinning. At elevated temperatures, near the transition into the paramagnet, modest transverse fields increase the pinning, stabilize the domain structure, and harden the magnet, until a point where the field induces quantum tunneling of the domain walls and softens the magnet. At low temperatures, tunneling completely dominates the domain dynamics and provides an interpretation of the quantum phase transition in highly disordered magnets as a localization/delocalization transition for domain walls. While the energy scales of the rare earth ferromagnet studied here restrict the effects to cryogenic temperatures, the principles discovered are general and should be applicable to existing classes of highly anisotropic ferromagnets with ordering at room temperature or above.     

A Comparison of Intravenous Sedation With Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine: 0.2?μg/kg/hr Versus 0.4?μg/kg/hr

The present study investigated the physiologic and sedative effects between two different continuous infusion doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX). Thirteen subjects were separately sedated with DEX at a continuous infusion dose of 0.2 µg/kg/hr for 25 minutes after a loading dose of 6 µg/kg/hr for 5 minutes (0.2 group) and a continuous infusion dose of 0.4 µg/kg/hr for 25 minutes after a loading dose of 6 µg/kg/hr for 5 minutes (0.4 group). The recovery process was then observed for 60 minutes post infusion. The tidal volume, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate in both groups decreased significantly during infusion, but they were within a clinically acceptable level. A Trieger dot test plot error ratio in the 0.4 group was significantly higher than that in the 0.2 group until 15 minutes post infusion. Sedation appears to be safe at the infusion doses of DEX studied. However, increasing maintenance infusion doses of DEX from 0.2 µg/kg/hr to 0.4 µg/kg/hr delays some recovery parameters.