心理干预对错[牙合]畸形治疗中合作行为及结果的影响

目的：观察心理干预对错[牙合]畸形患者正畸治疗中合作行为及结果的影响。方法：对门诊口腔科60例青少年[牙合]畸形患者随机分为干预组和对照组各30例。两组均由从事正畸工作5年以上的主治医师采用标准方丝弓技术进行矫正治疗，干预组同时实施心理干预等心理治疗。将两组治疗中的合作行为和结果进行比较分析。结果：心理干预组自律性、主动性、自觉性、矫治时间、满意度等均明显优于对照组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：心理干预对青少年正畸患者治疗中合作行为和结果有明显影响，通过心理干预能提高矫治的效果，保证治疗的顺利完成。     

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Counseling: A Clinician's Guide

Abstract: Most individuals concerned about hereditary breast cancer risk will neither order nor benefit from genetic testing at the present time. Many will, however, seek information about their risk and testing. Risk assessment services, in addition to providing information about hereditary risk and genetic testing, need also to include assessment of non-hereditary risks, information about how to evaluate risks, early detection modalities, the etiology of cancer, and assistance in devising follow-up health care plans. Psychosocial factors, particularly those pertaining to the individual's past history with illness and beliefs about causes and prognosis, must be taken into account to provide relevant information that is understood. A case history with examples of some of the types of information that lead to informed consent in a cancer risk assessment setting is provided.     

The Process in Psychological Debriefings

Critical Incident Stress Debriefings have become an intervention method used in various cultures, countries and groups following critical incidents. Although the structure of such meetings has been adequately described, utilization of the group processes involved has received less attention. A model, process debriefing (PD), based on experiences from Europe, is presented. Some differences between the current CISD process in the United States and the Europe based model are outlined. Various factors that impact the process of debriefings are discussed with a special emphasis on leadership, and implications of these group process variables for psychological debriefing are presented. It is emphasized that the continued exploration and discussion of process issues is critical to advance the understanding of the critical elements of debriefing.     

急性重症胰腺炎中转手术时机探讨

目的 探讨非手术治疗急性重症胰腺炎中转手术的时机及指征。方法 回顾分析1991年5月～2003年12月我科收治的308例急性重症胰腺炎患者的并发症发生率、死亡率及中转手术情况。结果 治愈284例(92．2％)，死亡24例(7．8％)。治疗过程中109例出现并发症，其中胰腺坏死组织继发感染12例，胰腺假性囊肿52例，多器官功能损害或衰竭24例，单个器官功能损害27例。中转手术23例(7．5％)，其中行胰腺坏死组织清除12例，胰腺假性囊肿感染引流2例，腹腔引流5例，胰腺脓肿引流1例，因急性坏死性胆囊炎和急性化脓性胆囊炎行胆道手术各1例，穿孔修补 胰包膜减压术1例。结论 急性重症胰腺炎早期采取积极的非手术治疗可获得满意的效果；对在非手术治疗过程中出现胰腺感染、不能控制的胆道感染、病情无好转且进行性恶化者或有其他外科并发症者及时中转手术，可望提高急性重症胰腺炎的治愈率。     

不同类型高危儿早期干预的临床研究

目的 探索早期干预对窒息、高胆、早产三类高危儿智力发育改善的效果，寻找更合适的早期干预措施。方法 将三类高危儿分为干预组及对照组，同时随机选取正常对照组进行随访。干预组采用鲍秀兰教授“0～3岁”早期干预方案训练，各组均在6个月、1岁时分别采用婴幼儿智能发育量表(CDCC)进行智力发育测评，结果用MDI、PDI表示。结果 (1)6个月龄时MDI各干预组与对照组间有显著性差异，窒息组、早产组与正常组间亦有显著性差异；高胆组与正常组间无差异；PDI窒息组中干预组与对照组之间有显著差异(P＜0．01)，高胆组、早产组均无差异(P＞0．05)。(2)1岁时MDI和PDI结果一致，干预组与对照组间比较窒息组、高胆组有显著差异，早产组无差异；窒息组、高胆组干预组与正常组比较无差异，对照组和早产组与正常组比较均有显著差异(P＜0．01)。(3)所有干预组测评分值均高于对照组，6个月与1岁之间比较有显著差异，各观察组间比较有显著性差异(P＜0．01)。结论 三类高危儿早期干预效果差异较大，干预组均较对照组分值高，早期干预有改善智力发育的作用；三类高危儿中，窒息组、高胆组效果最好，均达到或超过正常水平。所有未干预组均不及正常水平；早期干预对足月高危儿效果显著，对早产儿欠佳，远期效果尚需进一步随访观察。     

Technique for ipsilateral rescue embolization of common femoral side branch vessel injury.

We report a novel double wire technique for ipsilateral access of the external iliac/common femoral artery transition side-branches in a patient with active extravasation. The case is noteworthy in that asymptomatic extravasation was noted in both the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac branches on femoral angiography prior to intraaortic balloon pump insertion following emergent diagnostic left heart cathetrization. We speculate the side branch injury was related to the J-wire and describe how this complication may be best treated by the ipsilateral technique reported herein.     

孕期心理干预对产后情绪的影响

目的探讨孕期对孕妇及家属给予心理干预对产后抑郁、焦虑情绪的影响。方法对270名孕妇和268名孕妇家属分别进行心理干预,对照组269名孕妇接受一般教育,干预组及对照组在孕期填写一般情况调查表及SDS、SAS量表,产后1周、1个月、6个月填写SDS、SAS量表。结果干预组产后抑郁焦虑发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论孕期加强对孕妇及家属的心理教育有利于稳定情绪,降低产后抑郁、焦虑的发生。