早期认知-行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者心功能及自我管理能力的影响

目的 观察早期认知-行为干预对冠心病介入治疗患者心功能及自我管理能力的影响。方法 将2019年2月至2021年2月于我院接受介入治疗的100例冠心病患者随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施早期认知-行为干预。对比两组的心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)]、自我管理能力。结果 护理后,观察组的LVEF高于对照组, LVEDD、 LVPWd低于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组症状管理、角色功能、情绪控制、沟通能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 早期认知-行为干预可显著改善冠心病介入治疗患者心功能状态与自我管理能力,促进其病情恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

儿童牙科畏惧症心理干预的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨心理干预对儿童牙科畏惧症（DA）疗效的影响,方法：采用Corah's牙科畏惧症评分法,筛选出316例DA儿童患者,分为干预组和对照组,干预组在进行常规牙科治疗的同时采用心理干预;对照组则为常规的牙科治疗。结果：干预组DA程度明显降低,与牙科治疗前以及对照组比较都有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,牙科治疗后干预组脉搏减慢例数多于对照组,脉博加快例数少于对照组,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,心理干预后男性比女性疗效要好（P＜0．05）,结论：心理干预方法治疗儿童DA是有效的。     

社区精神分裂症综合式家庭干预对照研究

目的：了解综合式家庭干预对社区精神分裂症患者和家属的效果。方法：在宝山区随机抽取186例精神分裂症进行一年的综合式家庭干预对照研究,干预组86例接受综合式家庭干预和常规社区服务,对照组100例仅接受常规社区服务。结果：干预组患者年复发率下降47．3％,社区功能明显改善,干预组家庭对有关疾病知识增长,心理状况改善,照料负担减轻,与对照组比较效果显著。结论：综合式家庭干预对精神分裂症患者家属有良好的效果,应纳入常规社区服务。     

综合行为干预对慢性阻塞性肺病患者生命质量的影响

目的观察综合行为干预对缓解期慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者生命质量的影响.方法150例COPD患者分为治疗组和对照组,两组均给予常规药物治疗,治疗组增加综合行为干预措施,时间1年,分别在治疗前和1年后应用生命质量测评表评估患者生命质量变化.结果治疗组生命质量总分从2.3±0.4下降到1.59±0.3,日常生活能力评分由1.95±0.5降为1.43±0.3,社会活动评分由2.59±0.5降为1.63±0.5,抑郁心理评分由2.47±0.4降为1.59±0.3,焦虑心理评分由2.21±0.3降为1.78±0.2,对照组各项评分无明显改变.结论综合行为干预能改善COPD患者生命质量.     

鼻咽癌患者心理社会因素多变量分析

目的 :探讨心理社会因素对鼻咽癌患者影响的作用规律和早期识别方法 ,为早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗服务。方法 :通过 1∶1配对临床流行病学调查方法收集资料建立数据库文件 ,在PTMMX 2 0 0 0型微机上完成配对Logistic回归和判别分析。结果 :在α =0 .0 5水准 ,发现X2 (嗜烟习惯 )、X8(家用燃料种类 )、X12 (爱生闷气 )、X13(病后情绪低落恐惧 )和X15(病后得不到亲人关照和心理满足 )计 5个差异有显著性的变量 (P <0 .0 5 )进入方程 :LogitP=ai- 66.7362X15+ 91.386 6X13 - 3.7985X12 - 4.0 142X8- 5 .6 0 6 3X2 ;在此基础上建立了鼻咽癌和非鼻咽癌判别诊断模型。判别诊断与临床诊断总的符合率高达 93 .33% ,其中对鼻咽癌和非鼻咽癌判别符合率分别为 95 .0 0 %和 91.6 7% ,总的误判率为 6 .6 7%。结论 :所建数学模型具有一定临床意义 ,从是否患肿瘤角度提出的健康模式假设 ,尚待进一步研究。     

早中期结直肠癌根治术后中西结合心理康复干预指南解读及典型病例

我国癌症患者普遍存在着心理康复需求,中医药对其有良好的干预效果。目前已有肿瘤相关西医心理指南及标准治疗方案发表,然而中西医结合及中医干预方案仍有待规范。结直肠癌作为中国高发病率、长生存期的肿瘤,其根治术后的时期作为中西医结合心理康复的良好切入点,前期已有一定基础的研究发表。为规范该类疾病的诊疗及随访,提高中西医结合治疗早中期结直肠癌根治术后心理问题的效果,2022年中华中医药学会发布《早中期结直肠癌根治术后中西医结合心理康复干预指南》,包含12条推荐意见。该指南为结直肠癌领域首个中西医结合心理干预指南,但受限于相关研究的数量与质量,未来尚需要更多高质量研究结果的发表以促进其更新完善。     

Barriers and Facilitators to Lifestyle Intervention Engagement and Weight Loss in People Living With Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a high prevalence of obesity and unique barriers to healthy lifestyle. Objective: To examine barriers and facilitators to engagement and weight loss among SCI participants enrolled in the Group Lifestyle Balance Adapted for individuals with Impaired Mobility (GLB-AIM), a 12-month intensive lifestyle intervention. Methods: SCI participants (N = 31) enrolled in a wait-list, randomized controlled trial where all participants received intervention between August 2015 and February 2017. Analyses of pooled data occurred in 2020 to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations of hypothesized barriers and facilitators with (1) intervention engagement, comprised of attendance and self-monitoring, and (2) percent weight change from baseline to 12 months. We performed multivariable linear regression on variables associated with outcomes at p < .05 in bivariate analyses and controlled for intervention group. Results: Participants were middle-aged (mean age, 48.26 ± 11.01 years), equally male (50%) and female, White (80.7%), and unemployed (65.6%). In participants who completed baseline surveys (n = 30), dietary self-efficacy explained 26% of variance in engagement (p < .01); among the 12-month study completers (n = 22, 71.0%), relationship issues explained 23% of variance in engagement (p < .01). Money problems, health issues unrelated to SCI, lack of motivation, and experimental group explained 57% of variance in weight loss (p for model < .01), with lack of motivation uniquely explaining 24% of variance (p < .01). Conclusion: Improving engagement and weight loss for persons with SCI in the GLBAIM program may be achieved by addressing lack of motivation, relationship issues, and nutrition self-efficacy.     

My job impacts my sleep: signs and symptoms of insomnia among healthcare workers

Potential insomnia in healthcare workers is a public health concern as it may degrade the quality of patient care. We examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in healthcare workers and their perceived need for a sleep intervention. Participants were 62 nurses working full-time at a U.S. hospital. These nurses were asked about background characteristics, perceived stress, sleep concerns, and need for a sleep intervention. They also participated in 14-d ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy sleep study. A qualitative analysis showed that the majority (92%) of participants reported at least one sleep concern with insomnia-related concerns being most prevalent (68%). Quantitative analyses indicated that those with insomnia-related concerns had higher perceived stress overall and lower EMA sleep sufficiency and sleep quality. Moreover, participants with insomnia concerns had shorter actigraphy-measured nap duration prior to non-workdays than those without. Nearly all (95%) expressed interest in participating in a sleep intervention; an online format and mindfulness contents were most preferred. Our results suggest a high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and a high interest in a sleep intervention in nurses. Information obtained from this study could be used to deliver a tailored sleep intervention for nurses whose role in public health is essential.