“E（疫）”时代背景下大学生心理危机干预体系构建的思考

本文探讨信息时代背景下,在校大学生高发心理危机的原因,并倡导高校教学管理人员充分利用当下信息技术成果对在校大学生进行心理评估和常态化心理教育,并依托当前高校信息化建设平台收集相关信息,构建易感大学生的心理危机预警及干预机制,以期将端口前移,更好地保障在校大学生的心理健康。     

偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭的研究进展

偏头痛是临床常见的慢性致残性的神经系统疾病,超过半数的患者会因为偏头痛的发作而影响正常生活。近年来,大量研究表明偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭之间存在着一定的联系,但因为卵圆孔未闭发病率较高且引发偏头痛发作的病理机制不明,两者之间的因果关系尚存争议,经皮卵圆孔封堵术是否为治疗卵圆孔未闭合并偏头痛的有效治疗手段亦成为研究热点。该文将围绕卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛的相关性、两者间可能存在的发病机制以及封堵术治疗偏头痛的疗效展开综述。     

Treatment of craniopharyngiomas—the stereotactic approach in a ten to twenty-three years' perspective

Summary Fourty-two consecutive patients with craniopharyngioma were treated by stereotactic approach, i.e. preferentially stereotactic puncture and installation of colloid isotope into cystic tumours and external stereotactic single dose irradiation to solid tumour parts. In a minority of cases, such treatment was less suitable, and surgical removal and/or radiotherapy was used. There was no peroperative mortality. A long-term follow up (observation time 10–23 years) of the 31 patients alive indicated that they were socially well adapted with a high rate of fulltime work and a low rate of intercurrent disease. In spite of substitution therapy for pituitary insufficiency in most cases, the patients were subjectively seldom disturbed by their disease.Our results support a change in the choice of therapy for craniopharyngioma patients, from open neurosurgery to the less invasive stereotactic techniques.     

A psychosocial study of male prostitution

A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 50 male prostitutes and 50 nonprostitutes matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The questionnaire focused on areas pertaining to family, sexual and criminal history, current life situation, sexual practices with clients, substance abuse, etc. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale were administered to 35 subjects from each group. Results indicated that there were differences between the groups but that these differences did not entirely support the demographic profile offered by previous researchers. Specifically, our findings suggest that factors related to family background may be less important as potential determinants for entry into prostitution than influences related to financial gain, sexual orientation (homosexuality), and early sexual experiences.This research was supported by a grant from the Donation Richelieu.     

老年冠心病慢性闭塞病变的介入治疗探讨

目的探讨老年冠心病患者采用经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的中短期疗效。方法对102例住院老年患者采用股动脉穿刺后,行球囊扩张,造影显示扩张满意后植入合适支架。术后随访6-32个月。结果102例患者术后临床症状均完全或基本完全缓解。本组患者有19例多支病变患者至少有一支慢性完全闭塞血管经努力而未能开通,无法植入支架。102例患者通过随访6-32个月,其中32例患者接受了冠脉造影复查,有17例患者分别于术后6个月至16个月又出现胸痛、胸闷症状。超声心动图检查射血分数(EF),心功能术后较术前明显改善,P<0.05。结论对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞的老年患者,无论核素或超声检查是否存在存活心肌,均应尽量进行闭塞病变的介入治疗,以期改善患者的远期预后。     

以头晕为主诉的无症状性脑梗死患者焦虑状态的临床分析

目的:探讨以头晕为主诉的无症状性脑梗死(ACI)患者的情绪状态及临床体验并观察抗焦虑/抑郁治疗的疗效.方法:对98例ACI患者采用汉密尔顿焦虑抑郁量表进行筛查,并根据ICD-10的诊断标准做出诊断后,给予抗焦虑/抑郁药物治疗和支持性心理治疗,以治疗前后的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的减分率和临床症状缓解程度来评定疗效.结果:处于焦虑状态的ACI患者,医检证实均有脑血管系统的轻微病损,头晕史0.5～7年,有心悸、气短、眩晕发作、失眠等自诉躯体症状,67.55%伴有高血压;经帕罗西汀和支持性心理治疗,100%显效,临床症状缓解.结论:以头晕为主诉的ACI患者,若经改善脑血流循环治疗无效者,则应实施抗焦虑/抑郁药物治疗和支持性心理治疗,可望获得良好疗效.     

护理干预对首发精神分裂症病人生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对首发精神分裂症病人生活质量的影响。方法将80例首发精神分裂症病人随机分为研究组和对照组各40例，两组均予以利培酮系统治疗，研究组在此基础上，予以综合性护理干预措施，时间为8同，随后进行为期半年的随访，采用阴性症状与阳性症状量表（PANSS）及生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）分别于治疗前及随访结束时进行评估。结果随访结束时，两组病人的PANSS总分及阴性、阳性症状评分均较治疗前明显降低（P〈0．01）．但研究组明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）；并且研究组GQOLI评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论护理干预有助于改善首发精神分裂症病人的精神症状，提高其生活质量。     

早期干预对高危儿智能发育影响的研究

目的探讨定期随访高危儿,进行早期发育评价及干预,对高危儿智能发育的影响。方法将82例高危儿随机分成干预组42例和常规组40例,干预组接受早期干预,两组患儿定期随访,以中国婴幼儿发育量表（CDCC）和《Ge-sell发育诊断量表》进行智能发育评估。结果3、6、9月龄时干预组患儿智力发育指数（MD I）和运动发育指数（PD I）均显著高于常规组;1岁时Gesell智能检查,干预组除大运动能区与常规组有显著性差异外（P〈0.05）,其他四大能区均存在非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论早期干预可促进高危儿的智能发育,改善其预后。