Medical Specialization,Profession, and Mediating Beliefs That Predict Stated Likelihood of Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention: Targeting Educational Interventions

Practitioner-level educational approaches that promote screening and brief intervention (SBI) seldom consider providers' profession and medical specialization. Strategies that consider these variables may be better equipped to affect change in beliefs and behavior. The aim of this study was to identify beliefs that predict stated likelihood of practicing SBI by specialty and health profession in order to guide the direction of educational strategies. Physicians and nurse practitioners were studied that specialized in family, internal, obstetric gynecology (ObGyn), and pediatric medicine. The results indicated that independent of amount of previous postgraduate alcohol education and knowledge, self-rated competence mediated between specialty and likelihood of practicing SBI. For instance, low self-rated competence for ObGyn was a barrier that suppressed likelihood of practicing SBI. Other findings were that role legitimacy mediated the association between profession and likelihood of SBI, so that lack of role legitimacy was a barrier for physicians but not for nurse practitioners. We suggest that targeted educational strategies for ObGyn and pediatric clinicians may prove more effective than the prevalent one-size-fits all approaches aimed at general adult populations.     

介入治疗对急性冠脉综合征血清C—反应蛋白的影响

目的：探讨经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)对急性冠脉综合征患者C—反应蛋白(CBP)水平的影响。方法：94例急性冠脉综合征患者分为两组，观察组46例，行PCI；对照组48例，行冠脉造影。采用速率散射比浊法测定术前及术后血清CBP浓度。结果：观察组CBP浓度术后较术前明显增高(P＜0．05)；对照组CBP浓度术前术后无明显变化。结论：PCI术损伤血管内膜，可引起急性冠脉综合征患者血清CBP浓度升高。     

盐亭县核黄素强化盐干预试验人群肿瘤发病情况

[目的]探讨核黄素强化盐干预试验对人群肿瘤发病率的影响.[方法]对盐亭县核黄素强化盐干预试验人群干预期(1992～1996)和干预停止期(1997～2001)的肿瘤发病资料进行分析.[结果]试验组男性食管癌、肺癌、结直肠癌,女性食管癌、白血病、宫颈癌发病率在干预期高于对照组,而在干预停止期低于对照组.两组人群10年的肿瘤发病资料比较,试验组除胃癌外其他肿瘤发病率均低于对照组,尤其是食管癌和宫颈癌发病率明显低于对照组,而两组人群中肺癌、结直肠癌发病率都上升,但试验组的上升幅度低于对照组.[结论]试验组与对照组肿瘤发病率的差异,提示补充核黄素有利于降低肿瘤的发病风险,值得在更大范围的肿瘤高危人群中推广.     

类风湿性关节炎治疗最新进展

对近年来国内对类风湿性关节炎(RA)的临床治疗进行了综述．包括：药物治疗、物理治疗、外科和其他疗法，尤其是在药物开发、作用机理、研究进展方面作了更为详尽的归纳阐述。指出：生物制剂作为新兴的RA治疗药物，具有药理靶点选择性高和毒副作用较小的优点．预期将有广泛的应用前景。     

The Effects of the Going Places Program on Early Adolescent Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior

This study evaluated the effects of a school-based intervention on growth trajectories of smoking, drinking, and antisocial behavior among early adolescents. Seven middle schools were randomized to intervention or comparison conditions and students in two successive cohorts (n = 1484) provided five waves of data from sixth to ninth grade. The Going Places Program, included classroom curricula, parent education, and school environment components. Latent growth curve analyses demonstrated significant treatment group effects, including reducing increases in friends who smoke, outcome expectations for smoking, and smoking progression, but had non-significant effects on drinking or antisocial behavior. The Going Places Program was effective in preventing increases in smoking progression, but its efficacy as a more cross-cutting problem behavior preventive intervention was not confirmed.     

高危儿行为发育的早期干预治疗

【目的】　通过早期干预促进高危儿的行为发育。　【方法】　将 78例高危儿随机分为干预组、未干预组 ,并设正常新生儿对照组。仅对干预组患儿实施早期康复干预 ,定期随访 ,以《贝莉智能发育量表》进行智能发育评估 ;未干预组、对照组患儿只进行常规体格检查和育儿指导。 1岁时通过《Gesell发育诊断量表》对三组患儿进行智能发育的最终评估。　【结果】　 3、9月龄时干预组患儿智力发育指数及运动发育指数均高于未干预组 (P <0 .0 1) ,可达对照组水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;1岁时Gesell智能检查 ,干预组与未干预组比较除大运动能区不存在差异外 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,其它四大能区差异均存在非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,与对照组比较五大能区差异均无显著性。　【结论】　早期干预可促进高危儿的行为发育 ,改善其预后。     

PROSPER Community–University Partnership Model for Public Education Systems: Capacity-Building for Evidence-Based,Competence-Building Prevention

This paper presents a model to guide capacity-building in state public education systems for delivery of evidence-based family and youth interventions-interventions that are designed to bolster youth competencies, learning, and positive development overall. Central to this effort is a linking capacity agents framework that builds upon longstanding state public education infrastructures, and a partnership model called PROSPER or PROmoting School-community-university Partnerships to Enhance Resilience. The paper presents an overview of the evolving partnership model and summarizes positive results of its implementation over a 12-year period in an ongoing project.     

早期干预对窒息新生儿的智能发育观察

目的 :了解早期干预对窒息新生儿智能发育的影响。方法 :将154例窒息新生儿进行系统性早期干预 ,早期指导健康教育 ,同时有60例窒息新生儿未进行早期干预作为对照。结果 :6个月龄两组智力和心理运动发育指数差异无显著性 (P>0 05) ,而1岁、1岁半、2岁时智能发育指数早期干预组明显优于对照组小儿 (P<0 05)。结论 :系统性早期干预对窒息新生儿智能发育有重要促进作用[1]。     

农村社区人群心脑血管病综合防治效果评价

目的了解心脑血管病(CVD)综合防治措施在社区实施的效果以及所需的卫生成本,总结适合农村社区CVD综合防治的工作模式.方法对古镇社区6.3万人口进行以社区为基础的CVD综合防治干预,内容包括高血压管理、控烟、合理营养、全民健身运动及糖尿病管理等.结果通过10年的干预,全人群血压知晓率为70.29%高血压管理率和控制率逐年提高,其中管理率达到80.50%,总控制率达到45.80%,而血压＜160/95mmHg控制率为58.80%,血压＜140/90mmHg控制率为32.80%;干预点社区人群收缩压和舒张压水平均下降,其差值分别为7.23mmHg和3.92mmHg;全人群CVD相关知识、态度及行为(KAB)水平明显提高;全人群脑卒中发病率和死亡率呈逐年下降趋势,分别由1997年的146.90/10万和108.63/10万下降到 2002年的105.83/10万和69.90/10万,6年来分别减少了41.07/10万和38.73/10万,且发病年龄后移;经济学分析表明,1997～2001年的平均效益-成本比为2.32.结论以社区为基础的CVD综合防治是有效的,但尚需加大干预力度和广度.