幕上星形细胞肿瘤Ki-67抗原表达及其预后作用

目的 探讨Ki-67抗原在幕上星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及其预后作用。方法 使用S-P免疫组化方法检测82例原发性幕上星形细胞肿瘤标本中Ki-67抗原的表达。单因素使用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析使用COX比例风险模型进行预后分析。结果Ki-67 指数在组织学分级GradeⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ中分别为2.86%±1.57%,6.72%±3.95%,8.16%±3.92%(P<0.01)。单因素及多因素分析均提示Ki-67指数是独立的预后因素。在GradeⅡ中,Ki-67指数>2.5%与Grade Ⅲ中Ki-67指数≤2.5%的患者生存期差异无显著性(P>0.05);在GradeⅣ中,Ki-67指数≤2.5%与>2.5%的患者生存期有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 Ki-67指数随着各病理级别增高而增高;Ki-67指数>2.5%提示预后较差。在同一病理级别中,Ki-67指数不同,其预后有显著性差异。而部分不同病理级别的患者,随着Ki-67指数的不同,其生存期却无显著差异。联合组织病理检查及Ki-67指数检测有助于更精确地判断预后。     

早期脑室置管行颅内压监护对中型颅脑损伤患者的预后影响

目的　探讨早期脑室置管行颅内压 (ICP)和脑灌注压 (CPP)监护在中型颅脑损伤中的临床应用价值。方法　将 12 5例伤后 2 4h入院无手术指征的中型颅脑损伤 (GCS 9～ 12分 )患者 ,随机分为ICP监护组 :入院后即经恻脑室内穿刺置管行ICP与CPP连续监测 ,根据颅内压变化调整治疗方案 ;对照组 :入院后不做ICP监测 ,依据临床观察的意识及生命体征变化 ,进行治疗。结果　颅内压监护组脱水剂剂量、应用时间均低于对照组 ,疗效优于对照组 ,两组差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　中型颅脑损伤病情极不稳定 ,早期行ICP监护能及早发现病情变化 ,对及时采取有效治疗措施 ,降低死残率 ,改善预后有重要意义。     

亚低温治疗患者鼻饲营养并发症的观察及护理

报道48例亚低温治疗患者采用一次性投给、间歇滴注和连续输注营养膳的方式鼻饲营养，其并发症有：腹泻、腹胀、肠蠕动亢进，便秘，食物反流，吸入性肺炎，代谢紊乱，高血糖，水、电解质失衡，鼻胃管堵塞等。护理中体会到亚低温治疗患者鼻饲营养的时机最好在急性期1～2d后，应用鼻饲泵连续输注，适时使用胃肠动力药西沙比利．掌握营养膳的配制和正确的鼻饲方法，严密观察，发现异常及时处理，可大大降低并发症的发生。     

Body Mass Index and Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Renal Transplant Recipients: Cross-Sectional Analysis and Long-Term Impact

Obesity is a risk factor for renal graft loss. Higher body mass index (BMI) in native kidneys is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration. Whether higher BMI in renal transplants is associated with hyperfiltration is unknown. We investigated the impact of BMI on renal hemodynamics 1 year post-transplant. We analyzed glomerular filtration rate (GFR, (125)I-iothalamate) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, (131)I-hippurate) in 838 kidney transplants. Data were analyzed for all patients and for the subpopulation without diabetes. Long-term impact of BMI and renal hemodynamics were explored by Cox-regression. With higher BMI GFR and filtration fraction (FF) increased significantly. Multivariate analysis supported impact of BMI on GFR (adjusted r(2) of the model 0.275) and FF (adjusted r(2) of the model 0.158). This association was not explained by diabetes mellitus. On Cox-regression analysis, lower GFR and higher FF were independent determinants of overall graft loss and graft loss by patient mortality. Lower GFR and higher BMI were determinants of death-censored graft loss, with borderline contribution of higher FF. In renal transplants higher BMI is independently associated with higher GFR and FF one year posttransplant, suggesting glomerular hyperfiltration with altered afferent-efferent balance. Mechanisms underlying the long-term prognostic impact of hyperfiltration deserve further exploration.     

Uncooked rice of relatively low gelatinization degree resulted in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice in female college students

Cooking processes that gelatinize granules or disrupt structure might increase the glucose and insulin responses because a disruption of the structure of starch by gelatinization increases its availability for digestion and absorption in the small intestine. We hypothesized that the uncooked form of rice, which has a relatively low degree of gelatinization even though in powder form, would result in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice (CR). To assess the effects of the gelatinization of rice on metabolic response of glucose and insulin, we investigated the glucose and insulin responses to 3 rice meals of different gelatinization degree in female college students (n = 12): CR (76.9% gelatinized), uncooked rice powder (UP; 3.5% gelatinized), and uncooked freeze-dried rice powder (UFP; 5.4% gelatinized). Uncooked rice powders (UP and UFP) induced lower glucose and insulin responses compared with CR. The relatively low gelatinization degree of UPs resulted in low metabolic responses in terms of the glycemic index (CR: 72.4% vs UP: 49.7%, UFP: 59.8%) and insulin index (CR: 94.8% vs UP: 74.4%, UFP: 68.0%). In summary, UPs that were less gelatinized than CR induced low postprandial glucose and insulin responses.     

当归对衰老小鼠脑组织细胞凋亡及胸腺指数的影响

目的：研究当归的抗衰老作用及作用机制。方法：用D—半乳糖诱导小鼠制成衰老模型，同时给予不同剂量的当归水煎剂，观察当归对脑组织细胞凋亡及胸腺指数的影响。结果：当归能明显抑制小鼠脑组织细胞凋亡，提高胸腺指数。结论：当归具有抗衰老作用。     

128例双胎妊娠临床结局分析

目的 :探讨影响双胎妊娠临床结局的相关因素。方法 :回顾性分析 12 8例双胎妊娠临床结局与胎方位、分娩方式、孕周、新生儿体重、新生儿窒息之间的关系。 结果 :胎方位、孕周、胎儿体重及分娩方式均影响围产儿预后。 结论 :加强孕产期保健 ,提高产科质量能改善双胎妊娠围产儿的预后。     

胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗与预后(附120例报告)

目的探讨胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗方法与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析我院1984年6月～2003年10月手术治疗累及胰腺的胃癌120例。结果本组120例中,根治切除组41例,姑息切除组23例,未切除组56例。根治组41例中经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润者30例,占73.2%,淋巴结转移率为85.4%。其中No10、11淋巴结转移率为73.1%。术后102例得到随访,随访率为85%,1、3、5年的生存率分别为:根治切除组为73%、37%、17%,姑息切除组为22%、9%、4%,未切除组为9%、2%、0%。根治切除组1,3年生存率明显高于姑息性切除组和未切除组(P<0.05),5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01),但与姑息性切除组无显著性差异。姑息性切除组和未切除组1、3年生存率无显著性差异,但5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌累及胰腺的根治切除可提高1,3年生存率,选择合适的适应征是关键。姑息切除有助于改善生存质量,对改善预后意义不大。     

慢性前列腺炎患者健康教育需求调查分析

目的了解慢性前列腺炎患者健康教育需求，并提出行之有效的健康教育方法和内容。方法对102例慢性前列腺炎患者采用问卷式调查方法进行调查。结果患者对用药指导、生活、饮食习惯内容需求强烈；与医护人员交谈、为病人提供科普手册这两种方式最受欢迎。结论护士在开展健康教育时，应根据病人健康需求提供个性化健康教育。以促进患者身心康复，提高其生活质量，同时增强了护士健康教育能力。