Staging laparoscopy leads to rapid induction of chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatobiliary cancers

Preoperatively evaluating the resectability of pancreatobiliary cancers is difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefit of staging laparoscopy in unresectable pancreatobiliary cancers. Between 2010 and 2013, 25 patients with pancreatobiliary cancers underwent staging laparoscopy after conventional tumor staging; they were compared with 10 patients who had unresectable or metastatic tumors that were found during laparotomy. Staging laparoscopy did not show unresectable factors in 11 patients, and resections were performed in these patients. Unresectable factors were found in other 14 patients who underwent staging laparoscopy. In these patients, chemotherapy was started after median postoperative day 3 (range, 2–10 days). This period was significantly longer in patients who received unnecessary laparotomy; chemotherapy was started after median postoperative day 11 (range, 6–15 days). These results suggest that staging laparoscopy, while avoiding laparotomy with unsuccessful resection, can lead to rapid induction of chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatobiliary cancers.     

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging localizes established extracapsular extension of prostate cancer

ObjectiveTo define the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) for identifying focal and established extracapsular extension (ECE) in various zones of the prostate.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2013, 342 patients underwent MP-MRI of the prostate (3 T, no endorectal coil with axial perfusion and diffusion images). The findings of the images were reported as negative, suspicious, or positive for ECE by a single expert radiologist. Radical prostatectomy specimens were reviewed to confirm the size and the location of ECE and further defined as focal or established ECE. Established ECE included extension that was multifocal or involving more than 5 glands. The accuracy of MRI in localizing focal and established ECE to each zone of the prostate was determined. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of ECE.ResultsWe identified 112 patients who underwent prostate MP-MRI and radical prostatectomy. MRI findings considered suspicious or definite for ECE accurately predicted pathologic ECE (P<0.001). MP-MRI identified established ECE but not focal ECE. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MP-MRI for established ECE were 70.7%, 90.6%, 57.1%, and 95.1%, respectively. MRI identified ECE to the left vs. right side as well as each zone of the prostate; however, sensitivity was lowest at the apex. On multivariate analysis, MRI was a significant predictor of ECE that was independent of prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason score, and clinical stage.ConclusionMP-MRI is useful for identifying established but not focal ECE in all zones of the prostate. MRI was a significant independent predictor of established ECE and may be a useful adjunct in staging prostate cancer.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

Serum big endothelin-1 as a biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: an analytical study

Detection of abnormally elevated levels of molecules in patients with oral cancer may be useful in early diagnosis. These markers can be included in current Histopathology grading and in TNM staging systems of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) to make it more efficient. Several pro-angiogenic molecules have been assessed for the same reason. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoactive peptide associated with the development and spread of many solid tumors, including Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), but its utility in OSCC has not been confirmed.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the role of the serum big ET-1 as a biomarker of OSCC, by correlating it with the clinical staging and the histopathological grading.

Material and Methods

Serum levels of big ET-1 measured by the sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in 40 OSCC cases were compared with the levels from the control group using independent t-test. Clinical stages and histopathological grades of OSCC cases were compared in relation to their mean levels of serum big ET-1, one using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and the other the independent t-test, respectively. The significance of the mean difference between the groups was evaluated by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. All statistical analyses were performed on GraphPad statistical software version 5.0.

Results

By comparing the mean of the big ET-1 concentrations of cases and controls, the independent t-test revealed significant higher big ET-1 concentration of OSCC cases when compared to controls (p<0.0001). Tukey’s multiple comparison test also revealed statistically significant difference among all OSCC stages in relation to the mean levels of serum big ET-1. However, the mean of the big ET-1 concentrations of cases of grade I and of grade II did not differ statistically (p=0.729).

Conclusion

Serum big ET-1 levels may be useful as a diagnostic tool in OSCC and as an adjunct to OSCC staging. However, its use as a prognostic marker warrants larger prospective studies.     

精准肝蒂解剖法肝段切除术的临床疗效研究

目的对比精准肝蒂解剖法肝段切除术和非规则性肝切除法治疗肝癌的疗效及安全性,分析精准肝蒂解剖法肝段切除术的临床应用价值。方法选取2009年3月至2013年3月期间在我院住院治疗的肝细胞性肝癌患者120例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者的病情特点及治疗需要分为实验组和对照组,实验组患者的治疗方法是精准肝蒂解剖法肝段切除术,对照组则为非规则性肝切除术。比较2种手术方法的疗效、并发症以及复发率情况。结果实验组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及住院费用均小于对照组,2组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组的并发症发生率为10.0%,复发率为13.3%;对照组的并发症发生率为33.3%,复发率为35.0%,2组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组的谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶水平明显低于对照组,2组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论精准肝蒂解剖法肝段切除术的疗效显著,并发症发生率低,不易复发,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

miRNA-212在乳腺癌的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的分析miRNA-212在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法选择90例乳腺癌患者的手术标本(癌组织及其癌旁组织)提取总RNA,采用TaqMan探针逆转、实时定量PCR检测miRNA-212在乳腺癌及其癌旁正常组织中的表达量,并分析其与临床病理特征关系。结果乳腺癌组织miRNA-212表达量为3.06(0.146-10.274),与癌旁正常组织相比显著上调;miRNA-212的表达与TNM分期相关,TNM分期越高,miRNA-212表达越高;miRNA-212的表达也与淋巴结转移相关,淋巴结转移患者miRNA-212表达增加。结论miRNA-212表达上调可能与乳腺癌的发生及其转移有关。     

温州地区新型冠状病毒肺炎中医分期分型诊治与实践

[目的]简述温州地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)中医分期分型诊治与实践,协助指导临床用药。[方法]通过中医临床诊治实践,结合中医伤寒、温病学说,对新冠肺炎的病因病机、分期分型、各期的辨证论治进行总结,观察疾病转归,并列举一例中期新冠肺炎患者验案加以佐证。[结果]温州地区新冠肺炎归属于“疫病”,本病病位主要在肺,涉及胃肠;病因为寒、热、湿、毒邪相抟,易耗气伤阴动血。结合肺炎患者分期分型论治,将其分为初期、中期、危重症期、恢复期,分别投以藿香正气散、麻杏石甘汤合小陷胸汤和苇茎汤、清瘟败毒散、参附汤或生脉散、参苓白术散合补肺汤加减治疗。验案中新冠肺炎患者辨为疫毒闭肺证,治以清热化痰、通腑泄热,予麻杏石甘汤合小陷胸汤和苇茎汤加减,疗效肯定。[结论]温州地区新冠肺炎中医分期分型方案可有效指导温州地区新冠肺炎的诊治工作,对于其他地区新冠肺炎的防治工作,也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

二维超声联合超微血管成像技术在宫颈癌 术前分期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨经阴道二维超声联合超微血管成像（SMI）在宫颈癌术前分期诊断中的应用价值。 方法 选取2018 年11 月—2019 年12 月广西壮族自治区人民医院收治的经病理检查确诊为宫颈癌拟手术治 疗的76 例患者。所有患者术前行阴道二维超声联合SMI 及磁共振成像（MRI）检查。以术后病理结果为金 标准,分析2 种检查方法对宫颈癌分期的准确率及敏感性。结果 76 例宫颈癌患者中,Ⅰ A 期3 例,Ⅰ B 期 57 例,Ⅱ期16 例。二维超声联合SMI 诊断宫颈癌分期总的准确率为77.6%（59/76）,MRI 为73.7%（56/76）, 差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。二维超声联合SMI 诊断Ⅰ B1、Ⅰ B2 期的准确率均高于MRI（P <0.05）。肿瘤 直径<2 cm、2 ～ <4 cm 时,二维超声联合SMI 诊断敏感性为87.5% 和93.8%,优于MRI 的84.0% 和87.5%。 结论 二维超声联合SMI 在早期宫颈癌术前分期诊断上具有价格低廉、可反复操作、无创等优势,可为宫颈 癌治疗方案的制定提供重要依据。