Trans-ileocecal portal vein embolization as a preoperative treatment for right trisegmentectomy with caudate lobectomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The indication of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) has been expanded to hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), hepatic metastasis, and gallbladder (GB) cancer as well as hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCC). However, biliary cancers sometimes cause peritoneal dissemination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed our preoperative trans-ileocecal-vein PVE (TIPE) method on 14 (3 GB cancer, 1 CCC, and 10 hCC), whose estimated residual liver volume was <30%. RESULTS: Out of 14 patients, peritoneal dissemination was encountered in two patients with GB cancer and one with hCC (21.4%) during our procedure. The estimated residual liver volume was 37.4 +/- 2.7% at 14 days after PVE in patients without predisposing cholangitis, while those in patients with cholangitis was 29.3 +/- 1.3% (P = 0.0002). No major complication due to the procedure was encountered in this series. CONCLUSIONS: PTPE could be the first choice for patients with hCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic metastases. Although the TIPE proposed here has some potential disadvantages, we would recommend it especially for patients with GB cancer because of its high potential to cause cancerous peritonitis. When a patient had predisposing cholangitis, radical operation should be scheduled on >21 days after PVE rather than on 14 days.     

超声引导下PTBD术穿刺器械及技术的探讨

目的：探讨超声引导下ＰＴＢＤ术的穿刺器械及技术。方法：对１９９５年５月～１９９９年６月我科所行的４２例共５４次ＰＴＢＤ术进行回顾性研究。结果：５４人次ＰＴＢＤ术,５０次成功,４次失败。穿刺胆管扩张范围;３～１８ｍｍ。超声能清晰量示穿刺针,但对导丝、导管的显示常欠靖晰,能刊物导丝位置的初步调整并发症有：出上流管阻塞、引流管滑脱、渗血及发热等。结论：超声引导下的ＰＴＢＤ具有置管简便的优点。但亦有其不足     

Revision of the common bile duct in a combined PTCD/ERC approach – A case report

Introduction and importanceThe endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) represents the standard treatment for choledocholithiasis. However, ERC in patients with previous gastrectomy and anastomosis is difficult due to altered access.Case presentationIn our case, we report on a patient with previous gastrectomy and Y-Roux-anastomosis suffering from choledocholithiasis. Operative revision with simultaneous cholecystectomy failed. In a combined procedure of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) and endoscopic cholangiography the stone removal of the common bile duct was finally successful.Clinical discussionThere are some approaches for treatment of choledocholithiasis in pre-operated patients. However, prospective multi-center studies for complication and success rates are not available due to the rarity of such cases.ConclusionInterdisciplinary procedures seem to be the safest and most promising way to succeed in the treatment of choledocholithiasis in challenging cases.     

TACE、PEI、PVC介入三联疗法治疗中晚期肝癌

目的研究TACE、PEI、PVC介入三联疗法治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法(1)TACESeldinger′s法,5F导管、高选择、造影到位后注入5Fu1g、MMC10mg、ADM或EADM50～60mg与40%碘化油10～20mL的混合乳化剂。隔1～1.5月可重复;(2)PEICT引导下18GPTC穿剌针穿入肿瘤碘油缺损区,注入无水酒精2～8mL或10～20mL,1～2次/周,4～6次为1疗程;(3)PVCPEI后1～2周,在B超引导下用18G中心静脉导管穿剌针到门静脉穿剌,留置中心静脉导管或植入药盒,1次注入MMC6～8mg,药泵持续5d灌注5Fu2.5～3g。可隔3～4周后重复给药。结果本组14例,病灶缩小率为71.4%,AFP下降占85.7%;半年生存率为78.6%,1年生存率为57.1%,2年生存率为28.6%。结论介入三联疗法对不能手术切除,尤其对门静脉癌栓或门静脉供血的肝癌有较好的疗效,具优势互补作用。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸患者PTCD带管生活体验的质性研究

摘要： 目的 深入了解恶性梗阻性黄疸患者在经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术（PTCD）后带管生活的真实感受与内心体验,为制订有效的护理干预方案提供参考依据。方法 2022年6-12月,采用目的抽样法选取17例恶性梗阻性黄疸PTCD带管生活1个月以上的患者,对其进行半结构式访谈,利用Colaizzi七步法对资料进行整理分析。结果 通过分析得出3个主题,分别为积极体验、益处发现（改善黄疸症状、积极自我调适,提高自我管理）;消极体验、负性感受（日常生活的限制和压力、睡眠障碍、躯体的负性经历、心理的负性情绪）;期望与需求（对支持性照护的多样性需求,渴望社会支持）。 结论 医护人员在临床工作中应注重患者身心感受的动态评估,通过有效的、针对性的干预方法帮助患者解决PTCD带管生活期间出现的问题,同时加强疾病认知和出院准备服务,完善社会支持,更好实现自我管理。     

Endobiliary biopsy

The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant biliary strictures is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach with the use of serum biomarkers, imaging techniques, and several modalities of endoscopic or percutaneous tissue sampling. The diagnosis of biliary strictures consists of laboratory markers, and invasive and non-invasive imaging examinations such as computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Nevertheless, invasive imaging modalities combined with tissue sampling are usually required to confirm the diagnosis of suspected malignant biliary strictures, while pathological diagnosis is mandatory to decide the optimal therapeutic strategy. Although EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is currently the standard procedure for tissue sampling of solid pancreatic mass lesions, its diagnostic value in intraductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma remains limited. Moreover, the “endobiliary approach” using novel slim biopsy forceps, transpapillary and percutaneous cholangioscopy, and intraductal ultrasound-guided biopsy, is gaining ground on traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography endobiliary forceps biopsy. This review focuses on the available endobiliary techniques currently used to perform biliary strictures biopsy, comparing the diagnostic performance of endoscopic and percutaneous approaches.     

经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流治疗内镜难治性恶性胆道梗阻

目的探讨经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTBD)对梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗的意义。方法23例梗阻性黄疸患者,男14例,女9例,年龄61～88岁,平均(72.6±10.9)岁,其中胆管癌10例(术后5例),胰头癌3例,胃癌术后7例,十二指肠乳头癌2例,肝癌1例,不宜行十二脂肠镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)或ERCP失败,经皮肝穿刺放置引流管或内支架。结果全部PTBD成功,其中外引流6例,内外引流13例(3例左右胆管双引流),金属内支架4例。引流术前血清总胆红素(321.6±132.1)μmol/L,引流术后1周血清总胆红素(88.6±10.1)μmol/L,较前明显下降(P<0.05),直接胆红素从(252.3±36.3)μmol/L降至(53.3±9.4)μmol/L(P<0.05)。结论PTBD对梗阻性黄疸是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

经皮胆管镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的探讨

目的 探讨经皮胆管镜治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效和结石复发的防治。方法 43例经皮经肝胆管引流和窦道扩张后,经皮经肝胆管镜(PTCS)治疗肝内外胆管结石;22例术后T管留置>3周者,行术后胆管镜(POCS)治疗。该65例中肝内胆管结石(IHS)40例(I型12例,IE型28例),胆总管结石(CBI)结石)25例。结果 43例PTCS扩张窦道直径平均19.1 F,建立窦道时间平均17.1d。65例中11例直接取石,54例行液电碎石(EHL)后取石,其中25例配合乳头括约肌切开。40例IHS至结石清除每例治疗次数平均5.2次,25例CBD结石平均1.9次。37例(56.9％)有胆管或胆肠吻合口狭窄,用探条或气囊扩张,3例留置金属支架,结石清除率98.5％(64/65)。11例合并胆道感染,1例IHS伴胆汁性肝硬化合并肾功能不全死亡。 平均随访30.8个月,结石复发率7.1％。结论 经皮胆管镜和EHL是治疗胆系结石安全、有效的办法;胆管或胆肠吻合口狭窄长度<0.5 cm者,器械扩张效果良好;治疗狭窄可提高结石清除率,降低结石复发率。     

Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder stenting for recurrent acute acalculous cholecystitis after failed endoscopic attempt

Endoscopic gallbladder stenting is useful palliative therapy for acute cholecystitis in high‐risk patients. Although the success rate of endoscopic gallbladder stenting is 79%–100%, an alternative method has not been reported. We succeeded in employing a method for percutaneous gallbladder stenting (PTGS) and herein describe this new method. A patient with acute acalculous cholecystitis related to ischemic atherosclerotic vascular disease, cholangitis due to Lemmel syndrome, and severe congestive heart failure underwent PTGS through the cystic duct from the gallbladder to the duodenal papilla, because an endoscopic method failed in the treatment of Lemmel syndrome. Because we were unable to place endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) was performed and both the cholecystitis and cholangitis ceased. PTGS was performed as an alternative to endoscopic gallbladder stenting. Access to the cystic duct and gallbladder was obtained by the PTGBD route, using a guidewire (0.035‐inch diameter) and seeking catheter (6.5 Fr) under fluoroscopic control. A 7‐Fr 12‐cm double‐pigtail biliary polyethylene stent was placed. The patient remained asymptomatic for 3 months after the PTGS until he died, of an acute recurrent myocardial infarction. This new PTGS placement is an alternative treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease in patients with increased operative risk when the endoscopic method is unsuccessful.