经腹小切口肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗重症急性胆管炎(附5例报告)

对5例重症急性胆管炎患者使用了经腹小切口肝穿刺胆道引流术,全部患者均于24小时内病情缓解,4—9天内体温正常。3例患者经导管造影,获胆道系统较精确的诊断。本法在直视下操作,避免了胆汁渗漏和出血,适用于病情危笃或胆总管探查有困难的患者。     

Endoscopic Findings of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis—-Report of a Case—

Abstract: A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis in which an endoscopic inspection through the fistula produced by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed for the treatment of progressive jaundice and supprative cholangitis is presented. These treatments benefited the patient to some degree. After 3 years from the onset, the patient died of multi-organ failure caused by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. An autopsy revealed primary sclerosing cholangitis. No evidence of ductal stricture due to malignancy or underlying cholelithiasis was noted. This report may be the first which discusses the endoscopic findings of a biliary tract stricture in a patient with sclerosing cholangitis.     

Conversion of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage to internal drainage in obstructive jaundice

Conversion of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage to an internal drainage is safe and effective in rerouting bile back to the intestinal tract in obstructive jaundice without major operative procedure. The method consists of insertion of a drainage tube with several side holes beyond the bile duct stricture. Usually, a single lumen tube is used. However, double lumen tube is preferred when the amount of bile discharge is excessive. This simple technique is found to be useful in the management of obstructive jaundice not only for preoperative decompression of biliary tree but also for the inoperable lesions.     

Management of malignant obstructive jaundice

This study compares the efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) versus operative biliary decompression for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. The utilization of preoperative PTD as a surgical adjuvant is also examined. The records of 90 patients with obstructed jaundice from two large community hospitals were reviewed. In the group of patients undergoing curative resections, no advantage was noted for the patients who received preoperative PTD. The patients receiving only surgery left the hospital 8 days sooner. For the patients undergoing palliative treatment, the group receiving only the surgery had the lowest morbidity and mortality and the longest survival rates. The patients receiving only PTD had the shortest hospital stay, but also had many complications, the highest mortality rate, and the shortest survival rate. The group receiving preoperative PTD followed by surgical decompression had more complications and stayed in the hospital longer, with no change in postoperative mortality.     

分期手术联合射频消融和化疗栓塞治疗结肠癌肝转移12例

目的探讨分期手术联合射频消融、肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗结肠癌术后双叶肝转移的临床价值。方法 2004年12月—2007年12月我科选择性接收并采取分期手术治疗结肠癌术后双叶肝转移患者12例。Ⅰ期手术,结扎横断大多数结肠癌转移灶隶属肝叶的门静脉Ⅰ级分枝（左：右=1：11）,射频消融残余肝叶内转移灶,并经胃十二指肠动脉植入肝动脉化疗泵;术后通过化疗泵行3个疗程化疗栓塞。Ⅱ期手术,全部化疗疗程结束后4周行半肝切除术。随访30月,记录术后并发症、化疗客观疗效和毒副作用、残余肝和肝外发现转移瘤时间以及实际生存时间。结果围术期内患者无死亡和肝功能衰竭,呼吸道感染/尿道感染/切口感染（2/2/2,例）是主要的术后早期并发症。患者化疗后无CR,PR 83.3%（10/12）,主要不良反应为白细胞减少/血小板减少/贫血（6/3/3,例次）。2例患者术后10月残余肝内发现转移灶（超声引导下射频消融）,4例患者术后17月发现肝外转移（肺2例,骨2例;立体定向R-刀治疗）。1、2年总体实际生存率分别为100%和75%,中位生存期26个月。结论分期手术联合射频消融、肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗部分结肠癌术后双叶肝转移患者近期疗效满意,不良反应可耐受,且能增加患者肝转移癌切除率、提高生活质量和生存期,是治疗结肠癌术后双叶肝转移的较好模式之一。     

经皮经肝胆道镜治疗肝移植术后胆管铸型的安全性及其临床价值观察

目的评价经皮经肝胆道镜治疗肝移植术后胆管铸型的安全性及其临床价值。方法回顾2008年4月至2010年1月间采用经皮经肝胆道镜治疗的11例肝移植术后胆管铸型患者的临床资料,对治疗情况及随访结果进行分析总结。结果11例肝移植术后胆管铸型患者中,1例铸型分布于胆总管内,3例局限于右肝内胆管,4例局限于左肝内胆管,其余3例呈肝内外胆管弥漫分布。11例患者共接受了68例次的经皮经肝胆道镜治疗,其中10例（90．9％）治疗效果良好,肝功能示转氨酶、胆红素等值较治疗前明显降低,余1例因夹闭引流管后偶有发热,给予更换细管长期带管。无一例患者发生胆瘘以及难以控制的出血等严重并发症,只有1例治疗过程中发生瘘道部分断裂,所有患者术后随访10～30个月,1例在随访过程中因其他疾病死亡,其余患者状况良好。结论经皮经肝胆道镜治疗肝移植术后胆管铸型是一种安全、有效的方法,具有较好的应用价值,可在临床上推广应用。     

TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流治疗肝硬化门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血

目的探讨应用TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流治疗门脉高压食管胃底曲张静脉曲张破裂出血中的应用价值。方法入选41例门静脉高压症并食管胃底静脉曲张的患者,其中21例行TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流术（A组）,另外20例患者行经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术（PTVE）联合部分性脾栓塞（PSE）（B组）,对比两组患者肝功能、白细胞、血小板改变、食管胃底曲张静脉消失率、再出血率、肝性脑病发生率及门静脉自由压（free portal pressure,FPP）变化。结果 A组曲张静脉消失率、总有效率均高于B组（P〈0.05）,再出血率、肝性脑病发生率均低于B组（P〈0.05）,术后门静脉压力亦明显低于B组（P〈0.01）。两组术后白细胞及血小板、白蛋白较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,两组之间也存在显著统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论以TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张安全、有效、并发症少,值得临床应用与推广。     

Efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration, percutaneous transhepatic obliteration and combined techniques for the management of gastric fundal varices

AIM: To evaluate the effect of three interventional treatments involving transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric varices, and to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of these methods. METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, 93 patients with gastric fundal varices underwent interventional radiologic embolotherapy at our hospital. Of the 93 patients, 75 were treated with the balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) procedure; 8 were with the percutaneous transhepatic obliteration (PTO) procedure; and 10 were with the combined BRTO and PTO therapy. A follow-up evaluation examined the rates of survival, recurrence and rebleeding of the gastric varices, worsening of esophageal varices and complications in each group. RESULTS: The BRTO, PTO, and combined therapy were technically successful in 81% (75/93), 44% (8/18), and 100% (10/10) patients, respectively. Recurrence of gastric varices was found in 3 patients in the BRTO group and in 3 patients in the PTO group. Rebleeding was observed in 1 patient in the BRTO group and in 1 patient in the PTO group. The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 98% and 87% in the patients without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the BRTO group, 100% and 100% in the PTO group, and 90% and 75% in the combined therapy group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combined BRTO and PTO therapy may rescue cases with uncontrollable gastric fundal varices that remained even after treatment with BRTO and/or PTO, though there were limitations of our study, including retrospective nature and discrepancy in sample size between the BRTO, PTO and combined therapy groups.     

Surgical management of hepatolithiasis

Background:

Globalization and intercontinental migration have not just changed the socioeconomic status of regions, but have also altered disease dynamics across the globe. Hepatolithiasis, although still rare, is becoming increasingly evident in the West because of immigration from the Asia-Pacific region, where the disease prevails in endemic proportions. Such rare but emerging diseases pose a therapeutic challenge to doctors.

Methods:

Here, we briefly introduce the topic of hepatolithiasis and describe features of intrahepatic stones, the aetiology of hepatolithiasis and the symptoms and sequelae of the condition. We then provide a comprehensive review of the various management modalities currently in use to treat hepatolithiasis.

Conclusions:

In our opinion, and as is evident from the literature, surgery remains the definitive treatment for hepatolithiasis. However, non-surgical procedures such as cholangiography, although limited in their therapeutic capabilities, play a vital role in diagnosis and preoperative evaluation.