Vascular modulation through exercise improves chemotherapy efficacy in Ewing sarcoma

Recent studies in mouse models of cancer have shown that exercise improves tumor vascular function, thereby improving chemotherapy delivery and efficacy. However, the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear and the effect of exercise on Ewing sarcoma (ES), a pediatric bone and soft tissue cancer, is unknown. The effect of exercise on tumor vascular hyperpermeability, which inversely correlates with drug delivery to the tumor, has also not been evaluated. We hypothesized that exercise improves chemotherapy efficacy by enhancing its delivery through improving tumor vascular permeability. We treated ES‐bearing mice with doxorubicin with or without moderate treadmill exercise. Exercise did not significantly alter ES tumor vessel morphology. However, compared to control mice, tumors of exercised mice had significantly reduced hyperpermeability, significantly decreased hypoxia, and higher doxorubicin penetration. Compared to doxorubicin alone, doxorubicin plus exercise inhibited tumor growth more efficiently. We evaluated endothelial cell sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors 1 and 2 (S1PR1 and S1PR2) as potential mediators of the improved vascular permeability and increased function afforded by exercise. Relative to tumors from control mice, vessels in tumors from exercised mice had increased S1PR1 and decreased S1PR2 expression. Our results support a model in which exercise remodels ES vasculature to reduce vessel hyperpermeability, potentially via modulation of S1PR1 and S1PR2, thereby improving doxorubicin delivery and inhibiting tumor growth more than doxorubicin alone does. Our data suggest moderate aerobic exercise should be tested in clinical trials as a potentially useful adjuvant to standard chemotherapy for patients with ES.     

小儿咳喘宁治疗寒性咳嗽97例临床研究

目的:通过临床随机对照试验评价广东省中医院院内制剂小儿咳喘宁的临床疗效。方法:通过简单随机化对广东省中医院儿科门诊220例符合标准的患儿(预计失访率为23%)分为治疗组和对照组,在基础治疗(中药汤剂)的基础上对治疗组使用小儿咳喘宁、对照组使用中枢镇咳药,1个疗程后,比较两组的疗效。结果:治疗组治愈60例,好转26例,有效率为88.6%,对照组治愈61例,好转22例,有效率为90.2%,两组有效率经统计学比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:小儿咳喘宁是治疗小儿寒性咳嗽的有效方剂。疗效与西医中枢镇咳药相仿,治疗组随访中未发现有明显不良反应及成瘾性。     

Late response to radiochemotherapy in pediatric glioblastoma: report on two patients treated according to HIT-GBM protocols

High-grade gliomas in children are rare and the best treatment is undetermined. The German language group study HIT-GBM compares various induction protocols for subsequent patient cohorts. Currently, cisplatinum, etoposide, ifosfamide, and vincristine are given simultaneously with extended-field radiotherapy. Imaging is done 3 weeks after to define treatment response, followed by 6-weekly controls during consolidation with lomustine, vincristine, and prednisone. The authors report on 2 patients with incompletely resected glioblastoma multiforme in which response was lacking 3 weeks after radiochemotherapy but became evident 12 weeks later. This suggests that later time points are required to assess induction protocol response.     

Safety of mTOR inhibitor continuation in pediatric heart transplant recipients undergoing surgical procedures

mTOR inhibitors have been associated with SWC when used in the perioperative period. Limited literature is available to guide providers in managing chronic mTOR inhibitor use in the perioperative period, especially in the pediatric setting. The primary aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of SWC with mTOR inhibitor continuation during the perioperative period for major surgeries. Heart transplant recipients ≤25 years old at the time of primary heart transplant receiving sirolimus maintenance therapy during a surgical procedure and within the study period were included. Surgeries identified within the study period included otolaryngology procedures (46.2%), such as tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomies, cardiac surgeries (30.8%) including a sternal revision, pulmonary vein repair, and pacemaker placement in two patients, orthopedic surgeries (15.4%) including a posterior spinal fusion and an Achilles tendon lengthening with ankle and subtalar joint release, and a neurosurgery (7.7%), which was a ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision. Thirteen surgical encounters were examined. One SWC was observed, an infected pacemaker requiring systemic antibiotics and removal of the device. The results of this study suggest that sirolimus may be continued in the perioperative period based on the low rate of SWC observed.     

小儿危重病例评分联合D-二聚体和降钙素原检测对儿童感染病情的早期评判价值

目的 小儿危重病例评分(PCIS)联合D-二聚体(D-D)及降钙素原(PCT)检测用于儿童感染病情的早期评判的价值.方法 选取ICU收治的感染性疾病重症患儿86例,根据PCIS结果分为危重组患儿43例(评分70~80),极危重组患儿43例(评分低于70分),对2组患者入院后24 h内血清PCT、D-D及PCIS评分比较.采用Pearson相关系数分析PCIS与PCT及D-D之间关系,并对影响患儿死亡因素进行logistic回归分析,随访28 d预后,ROC曲线分析,PCIS、PCT及D-D对预测28 d患儿生存情况.结果 极危重组患儿血清PCT和D-D水平明显高于危重组患儿(P<0.05);血清PCT和D-D水平均与PCIS呈显著负相关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示PCT、D-D、PCIS均为影响患儿死亡的独立危险因素;PCT、D-D和PCIS预测患儿28 d生存ROC曲线下面积为分别为0.875、0.872及0.863(P<0.01).结论 儿童感染危重患者的血清PCT和D-D是判断病情预后的重要指标,联合使用小儿危重病例评分对预后判断具有指导意义.     

Acute abdomen caused by torsion of the omentum: A pediatric case report

Rationale:Torsion of the omentum and infarction are rare and unusual disorders that often present as acute abdominal pain in the population. The diagnosis of omental torsion is based on clinical and imaging examinations.Patient concerns:A 7-year-old girl presented with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain, with symptoms resembling acute appendicitis.Diagnosis:The patient was diagnosed with omental torsion based on imaging and laparoscopy.Interventions:Laparoscopic exploration was performed.Outcomes:The patient was discharged seven days after satisfactory postoperative recovery.Lessons:Omental torsion should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain, particularly in patients with free hemorrhagic fluid in the abdominal cavity and pelvis.     

Combination of C‐reactive protein,procalcitonin, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐10 for early diagnosis of hyperinflammatory state and organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis

BackgroundAlthough early diagnosis and management are critical for prognosis of pediatric sepsis, there are no specific diagnostic biomarkers for the hyperinflammatory state and organ dysfunction, important stages of sepsis.MethodsWe enrolled 129 children with infection into three groups: non‐sepsis infection (33), Sepsis 1.0 (hyperinflammatory state, 67), and Sepsis 3.0 (organ dysfunction, 29). Another 32 children with no infections were included as controls. Serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon (IFN)‐α, and IFN‐γ were assessed to diagnose the two stages, and their diagnostic capacities were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We also examined whether combining biomarkers improved diagnostic efficiency.ResultsSignificantly higher CRP, PCT, and IL‐6 levels were detected in the Sepsis 1.0 than the non‐sepsis infection group (p < 0.001). The areas under the curve (AUCs) for diagnosing Sepsis 1.0 were 0.974 (CRP), 0.913 (PCT) and 0.919 (IL‐6). A combination of any two biomarkers increased diagnostic sensitivity to ≥92.54% and specificity to 100.00%. Significantly higher PCT, IL‐8, and IL‐10 levels were found in the Sepsis 3.0 than the Sepsis 1.0 group (p ≤ 0.01), with AUCs for diagnosing Sepsis 3.0 0.807 (PCT), 0.711 (IL‐8), and 0.860 (IL‐10). Combining these three biomarkers increased diagnostic sensitivity to 96.55% and specificity to 94.03%.ConclusionIn pediatric sepsis, combining any two of CRP, PCT, and IL‐6 can accurately diagnose the hyperinflammatory state and increase diagnostic specificity. Early diagnosis of organ dysfunction requires a combination of PCT, IL‐8, and IL‐10.