AFLP分子标记技术及其在药用植物研究中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism,AFLP)是一种在PCR技术和RFLP标记技术基础上发明的新的分子标记技术。本文简述了AFLP分子标记技术的原理和特点,综述了其在药用植物遗传连锁图谱的构建、遗传多样性研究、种质资源鉴定等方面的应用情况,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway negatively regulates Nod2-mediated NF-kappaB pathway

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing proteins (Nods) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved moieties of bacterial peptidoglycan and activate downstream signaling pathways, including NF-kappaB pathway. Here, we show that Nod2 agonist muramyldipeptide (MDP) induces Akt phosphorylation in time and dose-dependent manner. The pharmacological inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (wortmannin) and dominant-negative forms of p85 (the regulatory subunit of PI3K) or Akt enhance, while constitutive active forms of p110 (the catalytic subunit of PI3K) or Akt inhibit, NF-kappaB activation and the target gene interleukin (IL)-8 induced by MDP. In addition, the pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin and LY294002) enhance phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 on Ser529 and Ser536 residues, which result in enhanced p65 transactivation activity. Furthermore, we show that the inhibition of PI3K by the pharmacological inhibitors prevent the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta, suggesting that the negative regulation of PI3K/Akt on MDP-induced NF-kappaB activation is at least in part mediated through inactivation of GSK-3beta. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PI3K/Akt pathway is activated by Nod2 agonist MDP and negatively regulates NF-kappaB pathway downstream of Nod2 activation. Our results suggest that PI3K/Akt pathway may involve in the resolution of inflammatory responses induced by Nod2 activation.     

藻酸双酯钠对2型糖尿病心血管并发症防治作用的研究

目的观察藻酸双酯钠(PSS)对2型糖尿病并发的心血管疾病危险因素的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法高糖高脂饮食加小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ 20mg·kg-1)制作2型糖尿病Wister大鼠模型,并将其随机平均分为5组:正常对照(NC)组、模型(Mod)组、藻酸双酯钠(PSS)组、二甲双胍(Met)组、洛伐他汀(Lov)组,并给予相应的药物治疗8wk。实验过程中观察血糖、血脂的变化;发色底物法检测血清中组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、组织纤溶酶原激活抑制物(PAI-1)的活性;22wk后处死大鼠,取其主动脉,透射电镜观察主动脉的超微结构;免疫组织化学及Western blot方法检测动脉内核转录因子(NF-κB)及细胞间粘附分子(ICAM-1)的表达水平。结果PSS组的空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂(TG、TC、LDL)水平及PAI-1的活性均明显低于模型组(P<0.05),而t-PA的活性则明显高于模型组(P<0.05);同时PSS组NF-κB和ICAM-1的表达比模型组明显减少(P<0.05);PSS组主动脉损伤明显轻于模型组。结论藻酸双酯钠能抑制2型糖尿病大鼠并发的心血管疾病的发生、发展,其机制可能与其降低血糖、血脂水平,改善t-PA和PAI-1的活性,抑制核因子NF-κB的活化及细胞间粘附分子ICAM-1的表达有关。     

温室种植环境对作业人员神经行为功能的影响

探索温室种植环境对作业人员神经行为的影响。方法应用神经行为检测评价技术,对浦东某现代农业园区温室作业人员83名(观察组)及附近一花卉市场花卉销售养护人员54名(对照组)进行神经行为功能测试。结果观察组在视觉保留、记忆扫描和听简单反应时3个项目上劣于对照组,并差异具有统计学意义;各项目的异常率显示,观察组的异常率明显高于对照组;各项目检测结果的分布特征与对照组并没有明显的差异。结论尽管不同的职业病危害因素毒作用靶器官不尽相同,但神经行为检测评价可作为长期、低剂量职业病危害暴露早期健康损害评价的重要参考依据。     

生活垃圾焚烧厂大气环境影响评价要点分析与探讨

分析了大气污染源、评价等级范围的确定,环境空气质量现状评价,施工期环境影响评价要点,营运期环境影响预测内容、方法及预测结果;探讨了生活垃圾焚烧厂烟气治理措施和可行性以及大气环境管理与监测等大气环境影响评价要点。     

镉暴露对HepG2细胞NRF2信号通路影响

目的 探讨镉暴露对HepG2细胞转录因子NF-E2相关因子2（NRF2）信号通路的影响。方法 采用甲臢比色法测定CdCl₂（0、1、2.5、5、10、25、50、100、200 μmol/L）处理24 h后,HepG2细胞活力变化;应用蛋白免疫印迹法检测CdCl₂（1、2、5、10、20 μmol/L）处理细胞6 h后,NRF2蛋白水平;采用RT-qPCR方法检测10 μmol/L CdCl₂处理细胞2、4、6、12、24 h后,GCLC、GCLM、HO1 和 AKR1C1 mRNA水平变化,检测CdCl₂（1、2、5、10、20 μmol/L）处理细胞6 h后,GCLC、GCLM、HO1和AKR1C1 mRNA水平变化。结果 HepG2细胞活力随镉处理剂量升高而降低（P<0.05）;与对照组（0.60±0.01）比较, 1、2、5、10、20 μmol/L镉处理组HepG2细胞NRF2蛋白表达水平[分别为（0.65±0.01）、（1.37±0.04）、（1.94±0.05）、（2.24±0.07）、（2.22±0.05）]均明显升高（P<0.05）;与对照组比较,镉处理6 h时,HepG2细胞内GCLC、GCLM、HO1和AKR1C1 mRNA水平[分别为（45.76±7.04）、（114.21±5.23）、（59.52±1.50）、（674.13±27.12）]明显升高（P<0.05）;与对照组比较,5 μmol/L镉处理组HepG2细胞内GCLC和GCLM mRNA水平[分别为（24.77±2.16）、（29.93±0.67）]升高,2 μmol/L镉处理组HepG2细胞内HO1和AKR1C1 mRNA水平[分别（28.55±2.02）、（186.32±12.63）]升高（P<0.05）。结论 镉暴露能激活HepG2细胞系中NRF2信号通路。     

姜黄素诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡机制

目的 探讨姜黄素诱导人胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡的可能机制。方法 体外培养人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,细胞计数盒8（CCK8）法观察不同浓度姜黄素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测SGC-7901细胞周期;Western blot检测SGC-7901细胞核转录因子κB（NF-κB）、livin、caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果 与对照组比较,各剂量姜黄素组SGC-7901细胞增殖活力均受到抑制,呈剂量效应关系（r=0.901,P<0.01）与时间效应关系（r=0.389,P<0.01）;与对照组（2.8%）比较,20、40、60 μmol/L姜黄素组SGC-7901细胞凋亡率[分别为7.7%、13.4%、20.7%]明显升高（P<0.05）;与对照组（58.59%）比较,20、40、60 μmol/L姜黄素组SGC-7901细胞周期G1期比例[分别为60.24%、65.13%、68.35%]明显升高（P<0.05）;与对照组比较,姜黄素组SGC-7901细胞内NF-κB、livin蛋白表达降低,caspase-3蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,呈剂量效应关系。结论 姜黄素可抑制人胃癌细胞SGC-7901的活性,其机制可能与姜黄素下调NF-κB信号通路,促进livin解除对caspase的抑制效应而激活caspase-3,发挥其诱导细胞凋亡作用有关。     

Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of Passiflora edulis in an inflammation model

The popular medicine Passiflora edulis has been used as a sedative, tranquilizer, against cutaneous inflammatory diseases and intermittent fever. Most of the pharmacological investigations of Passiflora edulis have been addressed to its Central Nervous System activities, such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative actions. Otherwise, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of the Passiflora species. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous lyophilized extract obtained from leaves of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener (Passifloraceae) in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin, histamine or substance P, observing the effects upon leucocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels. RESULTS: Passiflora edulis (250mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited the leukocyte, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels (P<0.01) in the pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Passiflora edulis (250-500mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine or substance P (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta), enzyme (myeloperoxidase) and mediators (bradykinin, histamine, substance P, nitric oxide) release and/or action, appear to account for Passiflora edulis's actions.     

HMCO5, herbal extract, inhibits NF-kappaB expression in lipopolysaccharide treated macrophages and reduces atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol fed mice

HMCO5 is a herbal extract which comprises of eight different herbs. We studied whether this extract has anti-atherosclerotic effects. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, HMCO5 inhibited NF-kappaB activation as well as iNOS promoter activity, inhibited the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and directly inhibited the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. ApoE knock-out mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet with HMCO5 for 10 weeks showed a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesions. A notable finding was the preservation of the smooth muscle cell layer in the media of aorta in the HMCO5 co-treated mice. HMCO5 treated mice did not show significant decrease in serum level of cholesterol. These results suggest that HMCO5 has anti-atherosclerotic effects which in part may be attributable to the inhibition of production of NF-kappaB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines.