Reducing the Burden of Complex Medication Regimens: SImplification of Medications Prescribed to Long-tErm care Residents (SIMPLER) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo assess the application of a structured process to consolidate the number of medication administration times for residents of aged care facilities.DesignA nonblinded, matched-pair, cluster randomized controlled trial.Setting and ParticipantsPermanent residents who were English-speaking and taking at least 1 regular medication, recruited from 8 South Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsThe intervention involved a clinical pharmacist applying a validated 5-step tool to identify opportunities to reduce medication complexity (eg, by administering medications at the same time or through use of longer-acting or combination formulations). Residents in the comparison group received routine care. The primary outcome at 4-month follow-up was the number of administration times per day for medications charted regularly. Resident satisfaction and quality of life were secondary outcomes. Harms included falls, medication incidents, hospitalizations, and mortality. The association between the intervention and primary outcome was estimated using linear mixed models.ResultsOverall, 99 residents participated in the intervention arm and 143 in the comparison arm. At baseline, the mean resident age was 86 years, 74% were female, and medications were taken an average of 4 times daily. Medication simplification was possible for 62 (65%) residents in the intervention arm, with 57 (62%) of 92 simplification recommendations implemented at follow-up. The mean number of administration times at follow-up was reduced in the intervention arm in comparison to usual care (−0.36, 95% confidence interval −0.63 to −0.09, P = .01). No significant changes in secondary outcomes or harms were observed.Conclusions and ImplicationsOne-off application of a structured tool to reduce regimen complexity is a low-risk intervention to reduce the burden of medication administration in RACFs and may enable staff to shift time to other resident care activities.     

固本消瘤胶囊联合FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌的临床研究

目的观察固本消瘤胶囊联合FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效。方法78例晚期大肠癌患者随机分成治疗组(38例)、对照组(40例)。78例晚期大肠癌患者接受OXA85mg/m2静脉点滴2h,d1;CF200mg/m2静脉点滴2h,5-FU400mg/m2静脉推注后续以600mg/m2持续静脉点滴22h,d1-2;2周重复,为1周期。治疗组同时口服固本消瘤胶囊。应用4周期后判定疗效。结果治疗组与对照组的临床受益率(CR PR SD)分别为76.3%、57.5%(P<0.05)。固本消瘤胶囊联合FOLFOX4方案能提高患者的细胞免疫功能,缓解化疗药物的毒副反应,改善患者的生活质量。结论固本消瘤胶囊联合FOLFOX4方案治疗晚期大肠癌有较好的近期疗效。     

An open-label, comparative study of the effects of a dose-reduced oral contraceptive containing 0.02 mg ethinylestradiol/2 mg chlormadinone acetate on hemostatic parameters and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism variables

Objective

The study was conducted to compare the effects of 0.02 mg ethinylestradiol (EE)/2 mg chlormadinone acetate (CMA), given for 24 days each cycle, with those of 0.02 mg EE/0.15 mg desogestrel (DSG) and 0.03 mg EE/0.15 mg levonorgestrel (LNG), given for 21 days each cycle, on hemostatic, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism parameters in healthy subjects, over six medication cycles.

Study design

A randomized, multicentre, open-label, Phase II trial measured markers of hemostasis, and of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in 165 subjects randomly assigned to treatment with one of three combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Results

EE/CMA and EE/DSG had a similar effect on hemostatic parameters, the EE/LNG group showed comparatively smaller increases in the activity of factor VII [8.1% vs. 36.6% (EE/CMA) and 28.2% (EE/DSG)], protein C [5.9% vs. 32.9% (EE/CMA) and 21% (EE/DSG)] and endogenous thrombin potential-based activated protein C resistance [44.1% vs. 93.5% (EE/CMA) and 108.1% (EE/DSG)], and in contrast, free protein S levels decreased in the EE/CMA and EE/DSG groups (−12.7% and −4.3%, respectively) but rose in the EE/LNG group (20.4%). In all treatments, total cholesterol, total triglyceride and apolipoproteins increased. Levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particularly rose across all groups. Slight increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were observed for EE/CMA (14.6%) and EE/DSG (8.5%), with a rise above the upper limit of normal in 30% of the subjects taking EE/CMA. Conversely, for EE/LNG slight decreases in HDL cholesterol were observed (−12.4%) lipoprotein (a) levels decreased in the EE/CMA (−6.6%) and EE/LNG (−16.9%) groups and were unchanged in the EE/DSG group.

Conclusions

The changes observed were typical of those seen across low-dose COCs that differ according to commonly-used progestogens.     

类风湿性关节炎临床治疗方案的研究进展

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种临床上常见的全身性自身免疫性疾病,患者临床表现主要为对称性、涉及多个关节、慢性的关节疾病和滑膜关节炎,其发病相关因素主要涉及遗传、滑膜中T细胞、B细胞及细胞因子等免疫细胞等,但具体机制现仍不完全明确。目前,RA的临床治疗效果尚不理想,主要的治疗方法为常规药物、中医中药、外科手术及新技术疗法等。     

阿莫西林克拉维酸钾不同给药方案治疗细菌性呼吸道感染的效果分析

目的：分析阿莫西林克拉维酸钾不同给药方案治疗细菌性呼吸道感染的效果。方法将本院2011年6月~2013年6月收治的细菌性呼吸道感染患者936例随机分为A、B两组,A组患者给予注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾100 mg/kg,溶于100 ml氯化钠注射液,静脉注射,1次/d。 B组患者采用同批次注射用阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾,50 mg/kg,溶于50 ml氯化钠注射液,静脉注射,2次/d。根据病情,给药时间为1～2周。比较两组的临床疗效及给药时间。结果轻度和中度感染患者中,A、B两组的给药时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;重度感染患者中,A组给药时间明显长于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。轻度和中度感染患者中,B组治疗有效率高于A组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;重度感染患者中,B组的有效率显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论A给药方案在轻度和中度感染治疗效果较好,同时减少给药次数,B方案可对重度感染进行有效治疗。     

地西他滨联合CAG治疗老年急性髓系白血病的疗效观察

目的观察地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病的疗效和安全性。方法 7例老年急性髓系白血病患者应用地西他滨+CAG方案[地西他滨15 mg/(m2.d),qd,iv,d1-5;阿克拉霉素10 mg/d,qd,iv,d3-6;阿糖胞苷10 mg/m2,q12h,ih,d3-9;G-CSF 300μg,qd,ih d0-9]。观察患者疗效及不良反应。结果 2例使用4个疗程,2例使用3个疗程,1例使用2个疗程,2例使用1个疗程,其中2例获完全缓解,4例获部分缓解,1例疾病进展,最后因肺部感染死亡。结论地西他滨联合CAG方案治疗老年急性髓系白血病,效果良好,安全性高,不良反应少,化疗相关死亡率低。     

哌拉西林钠-他唑巴坦钠优选给药方案的评估及应用的研究现状

目的为哌拉西林钠-他唑巴坦钠的临床合理用药提供参考。方法对哌拉西林钠-他唑巴坦钠的优选给药方案的药动/药效学研究、临床试验及具体实施情况进行综述。结果哌拉西林钠-他唑巴坦钠的优选给药方案（延长输注或持续输注）可最大化地达到药效学目标,改善临床有效性。结论需积极完善优化方案用于临床实践的策略。     

鸦胆子油乳协同周剂量TX方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效研究

摘 要 目的：评价鸦胆子油乳注射液协同周剂量TX方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效。方法：42例晚期胃癌患者随机分为观察组（给予鸦胆子油乳注射液联合周剂量用剂量TX方案）19例和对照组（给予单纯周剂量TX方案化疗）23例。入组患者均至少接受2个周期以上的化疗。观察比较两组近期疗效、生活质量和生存期。结果：观察组近期有效率为63.2%,显著高于对照组的8.7%(P<0.05);观察组疾病控制率为94.7%,对照组为87.0%,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。观察组中位生存时间为741 d,显著高于对照组的359 d( P<0.05)。 结论：鸦胆子油乳注射液联合周剂量TX方案治疗晚期胃癌可明显提高患者化疗的近期疗效,延长患者的生存期。     

肾移植术后西罗莫司的应用方案选择

本综述总结西罗莫司用于预防肾移植术后排斥反应的各种用药方案,从急性排斥发生率、肾功能、人/肾存活率4个方面综合比较各种用药方案同其他传统免疫抑制方案的优劣。综合比较显示,肾移植术后转换使用西罗莫司是最值得推荐的用药方案。在环孢素与西罗莫司联用（CsA＋SRL）过程中减、停环孢素也是可以考虑的方案,但要注意控制西罗莫司浓度。西罗莫司可以替换麦考酚酸酯,此时钙调神经蛋白抑制剂（CNI）应适当减量。起始低剂量西罗莫司与CNI联用（CNI＋SRL）,以及起始足量CNI＋SRL并维持、起始不含CNI以及术后移植肾功能延迟恢复（DGF）过渡期使用西罗莫司均应当避免。西罗莫司支持术后撤停激素,此种情况下推荐西罗莫司与他克莫司联用。需定期监测西罗莫司谷浓度,并多数情形下推荐使用首剂负荷剂量。     

Improvement of Inflammation and Pain after Three Months’ Exclusion Diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease affecting the synovial joints and causing severe disability. Environmental and lifestyle factors, including diet, have been proposed to play a role in the onset and severity of RA. Dietary manipulation may help to manage the symptoms of RA by lowering inflammation and potentially decreasing pain. Methods: In 40 patients with long-standing RA with stable symptoms and treated with conventional (c-) and biological (b-) disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the effect of a 3-month diet avoiding meat, gluten, and lactose (and all dairy products; privative diet) was evaluated in comparison with a control balanced diet including those foods. Both diets were designed to reduce weight since all patients were overweight or obese. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the diets, and RA was clinically assessed at Time 0 (T0), through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), for pain, and the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS 28) for RA activity. Patients were also administered the Short Form Health survey (SF-36) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). At T0, a blood sample was collected for laboratory tests and adipokines measurements, and anthropometric measurements were compared. These evaluations were repeated at the end of the 3 months’ dietary regimens. Results: A significant decrease in VAS and the improvement of the overall state of physical and mental health, assessed through SF-36, was observed in patients assigned to the privative diet. Both dietary regimens resulted in the improvement of quality of life compared to baseline values; however, the change was significant only for the privative diet. With either diet, patients showed significant decreases in body weight and body mass index, with a reduction in waist and hips circumference and lower basal glucose and circulating leptin levels. A privative diet was also able to significantly reduce systolic (p = 0.003) and diastolic (p = 0.025) arterial pressure. The number of circulating leukocytes and neutrophils, and the level of hs-C-Reactive Protein also decreased after 3 months of the meat-, lactose-, and gluten-free diet. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a privative diet can result in a better control of inflammation in RA patients under stable optimized drug treatment.