Treatment of acute post-surgical infection of joint arthroplasty

The best antibiotic regimen for acute prosthetic joint infection, treated without removal of the implant, has not been well-defined. This study describes the use of a protocol based on oral rifampicin combinations to treat 47 cases that were followed prospectively for a 2-year period. The regimen used most commonly was levofloxacin 500 mg/24 h plus rifampicin 600 mg/24 h for a mean duration of 2.7 ± 1 months. The cure rate was 76.9%, and the only independent risk-factor associated with treatment failure was infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus spp. (OR 17.6, p 0.003). Overall, the results suggested that use of oral antibiotics, including rifampicin, for 2–3 months was a good treatment option.     

一例极重度骨髓型急性放射病的临床救治

目的通过对山东济宁“10．21”^60Co源辐射事故病例B的诊治经过的回顾，积累资料，总结经验。方法剂量估算采用染色体畸变及微核分析、物理模拟、电子自旋共振（ESR）测量并结合尸检病理。临床诊断根据受照剂量、临床过程及实验室结果进行综合分析。治疗上给予全环境保护，HLA相合的异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（PBSCT），积极抗感染及对症支持洽疗，维护脏器功能。结果病例B诊断为极重度骨髓型急性放射病，受照后7d进行了HLA完全相合的PBSCT，移植后9d三系造血逐步恢复，并获持续稳定的完全供者型植入，无移植排斥及移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生。由于病人的放射损伤继续发展，并逐渐发生严重肺部混合感染，心功能不全，照后45d行气管切开、呼吸机辅助呼吸，75d发生多脏器功能衰竭死亡。结论极重度骨髓型放射病应尽早分类诊断及实施全环境保护，可经异基因PBSCT使造血重建，为延长存活奠定基础。需加强抗感染及多脏器维护；促进免疫重建及组织损伤修复是今后极重度骨髓型急性放射损伤研究的难点及重点。     

VD方案和VAD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效观察和比较

目的 探讨VD方案和VAD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的临床疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析了2008年6月到2011年6月我院收治的59例多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床资料,根据治疗方案将患者分为VD组(38例)和VAD组(21例),VD组接受硼替佐米联合地塞米松治疗,3周为一个疗程,治疗2个疗程;VAD组接受长春新碱、阿霉素联合地塞米松治疗,4周为一疗程,治疗2个疗程.分别对两组疗效和不良反应进行分析.结果 VD组和VAD组治疗缓解率分别为83.78％和59.09％,VD方案优于VAD方案,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).VD组主要不良反应为血液毒性和周围神经病变,症状较轻微,在停药和对症处理后症状消失或缓解.VAD组主要不良反应为感染、脱发和血液毒性等,其中感染多以3～4度为主.结论 VD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤疗效优于VAD方案,不良反应轻微,患者可耐受,值得临床推广使用.     

胰腺癌新辅助化疗的应用现状及进展

目的总结近年来胰腺癌新辅助化疗的治疗现状及进展,以期提高对胰腺癌新辅助化疗的认识,并指导临床工作。方法通过阅读并复习国内外有关胰腺癌新辅助化疗方面的文献并进行综述。结果新辅助化疗可缩小肿瘤病灶、提高R0切除率、降低术后并发症发生率且改善患者的预后,但目前尚缺乏高质量的循证医学证据。目前国际上并无统一的胰腺癌新辅助化疗方案,FOLFIRINOX、吉西他滨+白蛋白结合型紫杉醇和吉西他滨+替吉奥3种方案较为常见。同时,新辅助化疗存在化疗方案无统一标准、疗效评估手段不足等问题。结论尽管胰腺癌的新辅助化疗尚存在一些核心问题亟待解决,但其显示出的疗效正逐渐被临床工作者所认可并广泛应用,这有利于改善胰腺癌患者的预后。     

非典型布鲁杆菌脊柱炎的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨非典型布鲁杆菌脊柱炎的诊断与治疗,以进一步提高临床医师对该病的认识水平及诊治能力。方法回顾分析19例布鲁杆菌脊柱炎患者,病变节段位于腰椎17例、颈椎2例。14例有羊、牛接触史。19例均行 X 线检查,16例行 CT 检查,11例行 MRI 检查,所有患者标准血清试管凝集试验（SAT）滴度均＞1∶160,虎红平板凝集试验（RBP）均为阳性。均采用规范抗菌治疗,3例患者行手术治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间3～12个月,经规范抗菌治疗后治愈18例,治愈率18／19。3例手术患者术后恢复良好。末次随访时,ESR （10．5±5．1）mm／1h,CRP （4．3±2．5）mg／L,VAS 评分（0．9±0．7）分、JOA 评分（25．0±1．8）分,JOA下腰痛评分治疗改善率78．9％;ESR、VAS 及 JOA 评分与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,而 CRP与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P ＝0．442）。结论布鲁杆菌脊柱炎易被误诊误治,对可疑患者宜早期行血清学检验,一经确诊应规范、联合、长期、足量抗菌治疗,必要时采用手术治疗,可取得良好效果。     

Total costs and clinical outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults with leukemia: comparison between reduced‐intensity and myeloablative conditioning

The total cost of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as well as the financial impact of HSCT on the house holds of patients have been elusive. Between 2005 and 2012, we analyzed 191 HSCT in adult patients with leukemia with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen (n = 79) and with myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen (n = 112). The direct medical costs were calculated from healthcare claims obtained from the Seoul National University Hospital, and the direct non‐medical and the indirect costs were calculated from national statistics. The mean direct medical cost was $55 039, direct non‐medical cost was $6394, and indirect cost was $7503 from transplantation to one yr after transplantation in the RIC group and $72 916, $6993, and $9057 in the MAC group, respectively, based on the exchange rate of Korean won 1060 = US$1. The total costs for one yr were $68 938 and $88 967, constituting for 273% and 357% of the per capita income, respectively. The total costs, direct medical costs, and indirect costs showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.006, p = 0.007, and p = 0.017). No significant differences were found for leukemia‐free survival and overall survival. RIC‐HSCT provides lower costs within the first year of transplantation with comparable long‐term clinical outcomes.     

Associations with medication adherence among ethnically different pediatric patients with renal transplants

This study examined perceived medication regimen characteristics as factors in levels of medication adherence among 26 African American and 42 European American pediatric renal transplant patients. Among both groups, perceived characteristics of their medication regimen, including pill size, pill taste and medication complexity, were found to have significantly low to moderate associations with medication adherence. These associations were stronger and more consistent across medication adherence measures among the African American patients. This supports the need to separately examine the factors contributing to medication adherence among ethnically different pediatric patients. Suggestions for promoting medication adherence among pediatric patients with renal transplants and implications for future research are discussed. Received: 21 September 2000 / Revised: 14 November 2001 / Accepted: 18 November 2001     

CAF方案及综合治疗方案治疗激素受体阴性乳腺癌多发性骨转移的疗效比较

目的　评价单用CAF方案及综合治疗方案 (CAF方案 +甲孕酮 +氯甲双磷酸盐 )治疗激素受体阴性乳腺癌多发性骨转移的疗效和毒副作用。方法　CAF方案 2 8例 ;综合治疗方案 3 0例。结果　综合治疗方案骨痛缓解率及骨转移灶疗效分别为 2 8/ 3 0、17/ 3 0 ,均高于单用CAF方案 15 / 2 8、9/ 2 8,其差异有显著性 ;综合治疗方案的中位生存期为 6 8月 ,稍优于CAF方案 5 7月 ,但其差异无显著性。此外 ,综合治疗方案的骨髓毒性低于CAF方案 ,其差异有显著性。结论　CAF方案 +甲孕酮 +氯甲双磷酸盐这一综合治疗方案是治疗激素受体阴性乳腺癌多发性骨转移的较有效方案     

Randomized trial of 8-week versus 12-week VNCOP-B plus G-CSF regimens as front-line treatment in elderly aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Among the third-generation chemotherapy regimens specifically adapted in the last decade for elderly aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, we designed an 8-week cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, etoposide, bleomycin and prednisone (VNCOP-B) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) regimen which, in a national multicenter trial, induced good complete response (CR) and relapse-free survival rates with only moderate toxic effects. Here we report a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and toxicity of 8- and 12-week regimens of VNCOP-B plus G-CSF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From February 1996 to June 2001, 306 consecutive previously untreated stage II-IV aggressive NHL patients > or =60 years of age were enrolled from 12 Italian cooperative institutions. Of the 297 evaluable patients, 149 and 148 received 8- and 12-week regimens, respectively, of VNCOP-B. RESULTS: The CR rates were 63% and 56% in the 8- and 12-week groups; at a median of 32 months (range 3-62 months), relapse-free survival rates were 59% and 55%, respectively. Hematological and non-hematological toxicities were similar in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that extending induction treatment with the VNCOP-B plus G-CSF regimen from 8 to 12 weeks does not raise the CR rate or provide a more durable remission.