Fine-needle cytology of an eccrine spiradenoma of the breast: diagnosis made by a holistic approach.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rather rare adnexal tumor of the skin. When the clinical presentation is that of a breast neoplasm, diagnosis can be difficult. As cytology was a new procedure for this tumor, the approach of choice appeared to be a holistic one. The cytologic picture showed bland groups of uniformly sized cuboid cells with scant cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli, while in the groups rosettelike structures could be discerned. Only by integrating the data of clinical history, inspection, palpation, reaction on breast puncture, and immunologic findings could the diagnosis be made.     

乳腺癌层粘连蛋白的免疫组织化学研究

本研究应用层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）抗体，对２７例乳腺癌、５例乳腺良性病变进行了免疫组织化学研究。结果发现乳腺良性病变时，ＬＮ以均匀完整的线型阳性反应显示在乳腺导管及小叶基膜处。乳腺癌时，ＬＮ的染色表现为癌细胞胞浆内弥漫状阳性反应。２７例乳腺癌中，癌细胞ＬＮ染色强度不同，伴有转移的乳腺癌ＬＮ染色多数较强，强度在＋＋～的为７／１２（５８．３％）；不伴有转移的病例，ＬＮ染色多数较浅或为阴性，强度在＋＋～＋＋＋的病例为３／１５（２０％）。说明癌细胞内源性ＬＮ染色强弱与肿瘤转移密切相关，内源性ＬＮ的合成可能改变肿瘤细胞的浸润活性。     

颈动脉切除术的临床研究

目的 探讨颈部恶性肿瘤侵犯颈总动脉和I或颈内动脉以及颌面部难控制大出血时对颈总动脉和颈内动脉的外科处理方法及其并发症、后遗症的预防。方法 回顾性分析1990年－2000年行颈总或I和颈内动脉结扎、切除术的6例临床资料。结果 本组均为男性，年龄17－66岁。其中颈部复发性转移癌浸润颈总动脉、颈内动脉3例，鼻咽癌放疗后颈部溃疡侵犯颈总动脉1例，上颌骨中央性血管瘤大出血1例，鼻咽纤维轿管瘤术中、术后大出血1例。单纯结扎、切除颈总动脉4例，颈总及颈内动脉同时结扎、切除2例。经随访，术后短暂性肢体偏瘫2例，脑梗塞、永久性偏瘫1例，无任何并发症3例。无手术死亡病例。结论 颈动脉切除术对已累及颈动脉的颈部恶性肿瘤是一种有效的治疗手段，对于颌面颈难以控制的致命性大出血是一种有效的急救措施。单纯切除颈总动脉所产生的术后并发症的发生率比颈总动脉和颈内动脉同时切除低；而已先期或同时切除颈外动脉，出现并发症的机会更大。术后酌用抗凝或溶栓药物对于脑血栓、脑梗塞的防治作用有待进一步研究。     

Needle tract recurrences after closed biopsy for sarcoma: Three cases and review of the literature

Background: Percutaneous closed needle biopsy of musculoskeletal neoplasms has gained in popularity. However, it remains controversial whether or not to resect the needle tract for fear of a local recurrence. A single published case report exists, noting the lone tract recurrence of an extremity skeletal osteosarcoma. Methods: We report on three additional individuals who demonstrated that tract local recurrences may occur after a closed needle biopsy for nonosteosarcoma, nonextremity sarcomas. For perspective, the world literature is reviewed to identify tract recurrences for other malignancies and the results of needle biopsy in musculoskeletal neoplasms. Results: Eighty-nine percent of needle tract local recurrences occur when carcinomas are subjected to biopsy, as reported in the literature. Forty-seven cases since 1950 are described representing essentially all tumor types. The nature of musculoskeletal neoplasms makes closed biopsy more difficult than for softer, more homogeneous, and easier to access neoplasms. Conclusions: Local recurrences of sarcoma may occur in closed needle biopsy tracts. Strong consideration should be given to open biopsy and tract resection.     

Solid variant of odontogenic keratocyst

A case of an unusual lesion from the maxilla is presented. Macroscopically, the lesion was solid and histologically consisted of 'multiple separate keratocysts' of varying size that infiltrated into the surrounding bone and soft tissues. Panoramic image and CT scans showed a multilocular honeycomb ill-defined radiolucency with infiltration into the maxillary sinus and floor of orbit. This lesion should be differentiated from similar odontogenic lesions, such as keratoameloblastoma and papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. As there was no evidence of follicles, islands of ameloblastoma, or papilliferous structures in the entire specimen, the lesion could not be diagnosed as either a keratoameloblastoma or a papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. The invasive and destructive growth behavior, the histopathological features, and the histochemical pattern of the collagen stroma imply that this solid lesion is a neoplasia. It is suggested that the proper term for this lesion is solid variant of odontogenic keratocyst.     

The relationship of proliferating cell density at the invasive tumour front with prognostic and risk factors in human oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: We hypothesise that the density of proliferating cells at the invasive tumour front (ITF) has a positive relationship with prognostic and risk factors in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Tissues from 47 human oral SCC specimens were collected and stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against the Ki-67 antigen using a horseradish peroxidase based two-step immunostaining method. Counting was performed on two parallel sections at the ITF using an image analyser. The Ki-67 labelling index (LI) was determined by measuring the number of nuclei/mm(2) of epithelium. RESULTS: Our results show that the density of proliferating cells is related to clinical staging, with advanced stage of disease having a significantly higher Ki-67 LI compared with early stage of disease (2111 +/- 905 vs. 1908 +/- 913; P = 0.03). Importantly, this study shows that tumours that have metastasised have a significantly higher Ki-67 LI than tumours where distant metastasis was not detected (3257 +/- 650 vs. 1966 +/- 881; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Cell proliferation, as measured by the Ki-67 LI at the ITF, has a positive relationship with clinical staging, tumour thickness, smoking status of the patient and alcohol consumption. Further, we suggest that a multicenter study with a large cohort of patients is indicated to fully elucidate whether cell proliferation at the ITF is directly related to patient survival.     

高频灰阶超声鉴别良恶性胸肌淋巴结

目的:评价灰阶超声在鉴别良、恶性胸肌淋巴结中的应用价值.材料和方法:研究对象为43枚乳癌患者的胸肌淋巴结,其中16枚为转移性胸肌淋巴结、27枚为非转移性胸肌淋巴结;另有19枚乳腺良性病变患者的胸肌淋巴结和22枚正常者的胸肌淋巴结作为对照组.使用仪器为HDI-3000型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,配备5～12MHz宽频控头.运用超声测量胸肌淋巴结的长径、轮廓形态、长径-厚度比、髓皮质厚度比,作为鉴别良、恶性胸肌淋巴结的参数,比较良、恶性胸肌淋巴结在形态学上差异.结果:良、恶性胸肌淋巴结的长径、轮廓形态、髓皮质厚度比无显著性差异;恶性淋巴结长径-厚度比(1.7±0.4)明显低于良性淋巴结(2.0±0.5),P＜0.05.结论:灰阶超声在鉴别良、恶性胸肌淋巴结中具有一定的应用价值.     

Developments in treatment of primary irresectable rectal cancer

Abstract The treatment options for primary irresectable rectal cancers are discussed. Assessment of tumour stage is the first step for an appropriate choice of treatment. Following a diagnosis of rectal cancer, a vast array of diagnostic procedures is available to determine its stage, and thereby its best treatment options. From the many (new) diagnostic options the merits and drawbacks are discussed. If a diagnosis of irresectability is made, further treatment options should include radiotherapy in most cases, some aspects of timing and application, i.e. intra-operative treatment are discussed. Chemotherapy options are manifold, the results are discussed and some new options are explored.     

肺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子受体Flt1及KDR的表达及其与肿瘤转移和预后的关系

①目的　探讨肺癌中血管内皮生长因子受体Flt1、KDR的表达与其转移及预后的关系。②方法　应用免疫组织化学PowerVisionTM PV90 0 0法 ,测定 75例肺癌标本中Flt1、KDR的表达。③结果　肺癌组织中Flt1、KDR的表达较为广泛 ,主要位于肿瘤细胞胞浆及胞膜上 ,纤维母细胞和血管内皮细胞胞浆中亦有表达。Flt1、KDR在肿瘤细胞中的阳性率均显著高于在间质纤维母细胞中的表达 (χ2 =6 .0 7、5 .88,P <0 .0 5 )。肿瘤细胞及纤维母细胞中该两种受体的阳性率在不同年龄、不同性别及不同病理类型、不同病理分级之间差异均无显著性 (χ2 =0 .0 1～4 .84 ,P >0 .0 5 ;P =0 .2 9～ 0 .79)。肿瘤细胞中Flt1、KDR的阳性表达率在 3组不同大小的肿瘤间差异均有显著性(χ2 =1 0 .35、7.2 9,P <0 .0 5 ) ,而纤维母细胞中差异均无显著性 (χ2 =2 .86、2 .5 6 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;肿瘤细胞及纤维母细胞中Flt1、KDR的阳性率在淋巴结有、无转移两组间的差异均有显著性 (χ2 =4 .72～ 9.32 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,在 3组不同术后生存时间病人间亦均有显著性差异 (χ2 =8.81～ 1 9.1 9,P <0 .0 5 )。肿瘤细胞中Flt1、KDR的表达呈极显著性正相关 (r =0 .4 4 ,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　肺癌的生长主要依赖自分泌机制 ,联合检测Flt1、KDR可能对肺癌转移     

腹腔镜诊断和治疗小肝癌临床研究的初步报告

目的　探讨腹腔镜对AFP阳性、而影像学检查阴性的小肝癌的诊断和治疗的价值。方法　对 5例AFP阳性、而B超、CT或 (和 )MRI阴性 ,高度怀疑早期肝癌者 ,进行了腹腔镜探查和手术治疗。结果　 5例均证实为小肝癌 ,肿瘤约 0 8～ 1 0cm ;4例实施了腹腔镜肝部分切除 ,1例中转开腹手术切除肿瘤。随访 4个月至 4年 ,5例均无瘤生存。结论　对AFP持续阳性 >1个月、而B超、CT或 (和 )MRI阴性 ,高度怀疑肝表面小肝癌者 ,进行腹腔镜探查和手术治疗可能是肝表面或肝边缘的小肝癌最佳的诊断和治疗手段。