应用MRCP对63例肝移植术后胆道并发症的临床分析

目的评价MRCP在诊断原位肝移植术后胆道并发症中的临床应用价值。方法分析63例肝移植术后怀疑有胆道并发症患者的MRCP图像,并与手术、胆道造影、临床随访证实结果进行对照。所有病例均在高场强1.5T磁共振上进行。MRCP采用两种不同的成像方法:厚层块T2加权成像和薄层块多层T2加权成像。结果MRCP诊断移植术后胆道并发症的敏感性为95.3%(41/43),阳性预测值97.6(41/42),假阴性率为4.54%(2/44),假阳性率为2.27%(1/44)。总诊断准确率为95.2%(60/63)。MRCP作为唯一的诊断方法能为96.8%(61/63)的患者提供特异性诊断结果,仅2例患者需要ERCP和PTHC检查3.2%(2/63)。直接胆道造影作为一项治疗手段应用于22.2%(14/63)的患者中。结论MRCP是评价肝移植术后胆道并发症的有效影像学方法。     

Adenomyosis:common and uncommon manifestations on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this presentation is to show the imaging findings of the common and uncommon variants of adenomyosis as seen on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A 3-year database search was performed to identify women who had pelvic sonography and pelvic MRI within a 6-month interval. Images of these cases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Eighty women were identified. Adenomyosis was diagnosed on MRI, which was used as the reference standard, in 45 of these women. The correct diagnosis was made on sonography in 73% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the spectrum of imaging features of adenomyosis is important to use sonography effectively for diagnosing this entity and to help avoid misdiagnosis.     

Development of a simple image viewer designed for small X-ray field CT equipment 3DX

Objectives To develop a simple image viewer that utilizes image files in general-purpose formats that are written from the original 3DX volume data. Methods We used FLASH MX2004 for Macintosh to develop a simple image viewer. In developing the software for the simple image viewer, we decided that the viewer should provide the following features: (1) be available to both Windows OS and Mac OS, (2) allow interlocking of the 3D images, (3) display image enlargement, and (4) allow distance measurements. The accuracy of the distance measurements was evaluated. Results The procedure was as follows: (1) write 3D images in jpeg format to a folder on i-VIEW; (2) place the folder containing the 3D images into the directory of the simple image viewer software on a PC; (3) start the software and open the window to input the folder name containing the 3D images; and (4) display the 3D images. Our viewer had features such as image enlargement, interlocking 3D images, drawing, and distance measurements. No significant differences were shown between the measurements made by our simple viewer and the actual values of the images in any direction. Conclusions Our image-viewing software for 3DX is beneficial for clinical use.     

应用ROC曲线评价DR后处理技术对胸部影像的影响

目的:运用ROC曲线,探讨DR胸部摄影最佳的影像后处理技术。方法:使用DR系统设置的正常胸部摄影条件,对胸部体模与专用于X线摄影的ROC曲线评价体模(TRG)进行组合并曝光。分析未使用后处理技术及使用不同后处理技术,对DR胸部摄影胸片影像的影响。结果:使用单纯噪声消除技术、噪声消除加图像反转及噪声消除加全屏放大三种后处理技术所得的ROC曲线下面积Az值依次为0.85、0.825及0.925,均明显大于未使用后处理技术的面积Az值0.6;单纯噪声消除技术获得的ROC曲线下面积略大于噪声消除加图像反转技术的面积;噪声消除加全屏放大技术获得的ROC曲线下面积Az值最大。结论:应对胸部原始影像实施后处理调节。单纯噪声消除技术可明显增加影像的信息量,若在噪声消除基础上实施全屏放大技术,可获得DR胸部摄影的最大影像信息量。     

EVALUATION OF THE LOOPING FORMATION AND PAIN DURING INSERTION INTO THE CECUM IN COLONOSCOPY

Introduction: One of the causes of pain during insertion of the colonoscope is stretching of the mesenterium by loop formation. The degree of pain differs according to the type of loop formation. Our aims were to study the accuracy of the colonoscopist’s assessment of the presence and type of loop formation and to study the degree of pain in relation to the type of loop by administering the visual analog scale (VAS). Methods: Two hundred and fifty‐seven consecutive patients were enrolled. All procedures were performed by two experienced colonoscopists who were blind to magnetic endoscope imaging view. After the colonoscopy, the colonoscopist was asked to assess the presence and type of loop formation. The degree of pain was assessed using the VAS. Results: The accuracy of estimating N loop, alpha loop, absence of loop formation and U loop was each over 70%. The accuracy of estimating gamma and splenic loop was significantly lower than the accuracy of estimating U loop. Colonoscopy was significantly more painful in women than in men. The degree of pain was significantly higher upon formation of reverse alpha loop and gamma and splenic loop than upon formation of N loop and U loop. Conclusions: Upon formation of reverse alpha loop or gamma and splenic loop, patients experienced more pain and it was difficult for the endoscopists to assess these loops. As women had severe pain compared with men, the use of a pediatric colonoscope or higher dosage of sedation in women should be considered.     

磁共振增强扫描中欧乃影不良反应的临床观察及预防措施

目的探讨欧乃影在临床应用中不良反应的发生和预防措施。方法观察2003年10月至2006年7月所作1000例增强扫描者静脉注射欧乃影0.2mL/kg(其量浓度(c)为0.5mol/L)后,不良反应发生的情况。结果1000例患者中,出现不良反应6例,其中,非过敏反应3例,轻度过敏反应3例,无中度及重度过敏反应。结论欧乃影在磁共振增强扫描中不良反应发生率低,临床应用安全。     

Structural white matter abnormalities in patients with idiopathic dystonia

We investigated whether structural white matter abnormalities, in the form of disruption of axonal coherence and integrity as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), constitute an underlying pathological mechanism of idiopathic dystonia (ID), independent of genotype status. We studied seven subjects with ID: all had cervical dystonia as their main symptom (one patient also had spasmodic dysphonia and two patients had concurrent generalized dystonia, both DYT1‐negative). We compared DTI MR images of patients with 10 controls, evaluating differences in mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). ID was associated with increased FA values in the thalamus and adjacent white matter, and in the white matter underlying the middle frontal gyrus. ID was also associated with increase in MD in adjacent white matter to the pallidum and putamen bilaterally, left caudate, and in subcortical hemispheric regions, including the postcentral gyrus. Abnormal FA and MD in patients with ID indicate that abnormal axonal coherence and integrity contribute to the pathophysiology of dystonia. These findings suggest that ID is not only a functional disorder, but also associated with structural brain changes. Impaired connectivity and disrupted flow of information may contribute to the impairment of motor planning and regulation in dystonia. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society     

99Tcm-DMSA肾皮质显像诊断小儿肾发育不良

目的 探讨^99Tc^m—二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)肾皮质显像诊断小儿肾发育不良的价值。方法 疑为肾发育不良患儿29例，行常规^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像和腹部B超检查。图像分析：将发育不良肾分为0～4级。结果 ^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像示29例患儿中24例为单侧肾发育不良，其中11例1级，7例2级，6例3级，余5例患肾未显影为0级，结合其他：检查诊断为肾发育不良。患肾分肾功能为0～24．9％(平均6．3％)。29例患儿中24例患肾肾皮质显像诊断为肾发育不良，5例患肾未显影，由其他影像学方法确诊，诊断灵敏度为82．76％。29例中19例经手术治疗，病理检查证实为肾发育不良。结论 ^99Tc^m—DMSA肾皮质显像诊断肾发育不良灵敏度高、可靠，可确定发育不良肾部位和判断肾功能。     

骨髓炎与恶性骨肿瘤软组织改变的影像比较

目的 探讨软组织影像改变对骨髓炎和恶性骨肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 通过回顾性分析。对57例骨髓炎和70例恶性骨肿瘤患者软组织异常CT和MRI征象进行界定、观察、记录和统计学比较。结果57例骨髓炎患者中，CT检查54例，MR检查14例。CT检查的54例中，软组织肿胀52例（Ⅰ度19例、Ⅱ度16例、Ⅲ度17例），脓肿样囊腔6例，软组织肿块5例，软组织内气体、脂液平面和窦道各1例。MR检查的14例骨髓炎中，软组织肿胀14例（Ⅰ度2例、Ⅱ度6例、Ⅲ度6例），脓肿样囊腔（扩散加权成像均呈明显高信号）3例，软组织肿块和脂液平面各1例。70例恶性骨肿瘤患者中，CT检查54例，MR检查49例。CT检查的54例中，软组织肿胀44例（Ⅰ度29例、Ⅱ度12例、Ⅲ度3例），软组织肿块49例，软组织肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化16例，软组织肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化25例。MR检查的49例恶性骨肿瘤中，软组织肿胀46例（Ⅰ度21例、Ⅱ度17例、Ⅲ度8例），软组织肿块43例。骨髓炎组和恶性骨肿瘤组CT图像显示的软组织肿胀程度（Uc=4．1066，P〈0．01）以及脓肿样囊腔（X^2=4．4118，P〈0．05）、肿块（X^2=71．7037，P〈0．01）、肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化（X^2=18．7826，P〈0．01）和肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化（X^2=32．5301，P〈0．01）出现比例差异具有统计学意义。MR图像所示的软组织肿胀程度（Uc=2．5997，P〈0．01）以及脓肿样囊腔（四格表确切概率P=0．0092）和肿块（X^2=29．8757，P〈0．01）出现比例差异亦有统计学意义。结论 软组织肿胀程度和软组织肿块对骨髓炎和恶性骨肿瘤鉴别具有一定价值。软组织肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化以及软组织肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化是恶性骨肿瘤的特异性征象。脓肿样囊腔、软组织内气体、脂液征和窦道是骨髓炎的可靠征象。     

定量组织速度成像对右室起搏患者左室收缩运动的研究

目的　应用定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)评价右室心尖起搏 (RVAP)VVI型对左心收缩功能的影响。方法　应用GEVivid 7彩色多普勒超声显像仪对 2 0例RVAP患者和 2 0例正常人的心尖四腔切面的室间隔和左室外侧壁速度和位移曲线进行观察 ,测量心电图Q波分别至室间隔和左室外侧壁收缩期峰速度的时间 ,并除以R R间期进行校正。结果　QTVI显示右室起搏器置入者的室间隔与左室外侧壁速度曲线的收缩期S波非同步出现。Q波至室间隔收缩期峰速度的时间短于Q波至左室外侧壁收缩期峰速度的时间 ,两者分别为 ( 0 .12± 0 .0 2 )s和 ( 0 .14± 0 .0 2 )s,P <0 .0 5。结论　右室起搏后早期的左室整体收缩功能虽未见明显下降 ,但QTVI可以发现室间隔与左室壁收缩明显的不协调 ,可作为早期分析左室收缩运动的定量方法。