A cost-minimization analysis of measures against metallic dental restorations for head and neck radiotherapy

The aim of this study was to compare the estimated public medical care cost of measures to address metallic dental restorations (MDRs) for head and neck radiotherapy using high-energy mega-voltage X-rays. This was considered a first step to clarify which MDR measure was more cost-effective. We estimated the medical care cost of radiotherapy for two representative MDR measures: (i) with MDR removal or (ii) without MDR removal (non-MDR removal) using magnetic resonance imaging and a spacer. A total of 5520 patients received head and neck radiation therapy in 2018. The mean number of MDRs per person was 4.1 dental crowns and 1.3 dental bridges. The mean cost per person was estimated to be 121 720 yen for MDR removal and 54 940 yen for non-MDR removal. Therefore, the difference in total public medical care cost between MDR removal and non-MDR removal was estimated to be 303 268 800 yen. Our results suggested that non-MDR removal would be more cost-effective than MDR removal for head and neck radiotherapy. In the future, a national survey and cost-effectiveness analysis via a multicenter study are necessary; these investigations should include various outcomes such as the rate of local control, status of oral mucositis, frequency of hospital visits and efforts of the medical professionals.     

洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的疗效

目的　探讨洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）的有效性及安全性。方法　选取2020年1月3日—4月7日于我中心住院治疗的62例新冠肺炎确诊患者作为研究对象,并将其分为治疗组（43例）和对照组（19例）,其中对照组采用常规对症支持治疗,治疗组在对照组常规治疗基础上使用洛匹那韦/利托那韦抗病毒治疗;同时,根据患者临床分型对上述患者实施非重症组与重症组亚组分析。比较对照组和治疗组核酸转阴时间、住院时间、退热时间、症状缓解时间及药物不良反应发生情况。结果　在非重症组患者中,治疗组与对照组在退热时间、症状缓解时间、核酸转阴时间及住院时间方面的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）;而在重症组患者中,治疗组核酸转阴时间显著长于对照组[（23.62±2.12 ）d vs.（9.25±0.95）d],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在药物不良反应方面,治疗组腹泻发生率为46.5%,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但均为轻到中等程度腹泻,经对症治疗后腹泻症状消失。结论　洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素治疗新冠肺炎非重症患者效果不明显,治疗重症患者,核酸转阴时间更长,虽临床应用总体安全性较好,但存在腹泻等不良反应,不推荐使用。     

负压创面治疗技术治疗慢性创面患者的效果

目的探讨在慢性创面患者中应用负压创面治疗技术的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月天津武清中医院收治的56例慢性创面患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组28例。对照组给予普通清创换药治疗,试验组给予负压创面治疗,比较两组植皮时间、愈合时间、住院总费用、疼痛程度。结果试验组植皮时间、愈合时间均短于对照组,住院总费用少于对照组,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论负压创面治疗技术应用于慢性创面患者中的效果显著,能够缩短植皮时间、愈合时间,减少住院费用,减轻疼痛感。     

32例三阴性乳腺癌患者易感基因胚系突变分析

目的:应用全外显子测序技术初步探讨三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者易感基因突变情况。方法:收集本院就诊的32例TNBC患者,均经临床手术病理确诊。采集患者外周血提取基因组DNA进行全外显子组测序,通过生物信息学分析筛选与乳腺肿瘤相关的易感基因变异。结果:32例TNBC患者中14例检测到BRCA1/2罕见变异,明确致病性或可疑致病变异6例,突变携带频率为18.8%。其中BRCA1:c.5468-1_5474del和c.4749_4750del是较常见的突变;BRCA2:c.6027A>C为新的变异;BRCA2:c.3794G>T、c.7901T>A,BRCA1:c.4616T>C首次在中国人群中发现。除了BRCA1/2变异外,还检测到83个乳腺肿瘤易感基因变异,每个患者携带2.6个变异。2个以上患者携带的乳腺癌易感基因包括ALK、APC、CDH1、PTCH2、RB1CC1、RAD51D、RAD54L、TSC1等。结论:BRCA1/2是TNBC患者最重要的易感基因,其他与DNA损伤修复相关的基因突变可能与TNBC患者的表型有一定的相关性。     

探讨DR颈椎斜位影像中应用组织均衡技术的优势

目的探讨颈椎斜位直接数字化X线摄影（direct digital radiography，DR）中，采用组织均衡技术的DR图像与标准DR图像的差别。方法利用中国医科大学附属第一医院引进的GE—Revolution XQ／Ⅰ型DR机对所摄的颈椎斜位影像中随机抽取100例作为分析资料。应用组织均衡技术对图像进行处理，同时与标准DR图像进行比较。结果应用组织均衡技术的图像，同一幅图像上不同部位的细节均可清晰显示；标准DR图像需调节不同的窗宽、窗位才能清晰显示或不能显示不同体厚部位的细节。结论在直接数字化X线摄影中，应用组织均衡技术能明显改善因受体厚度影响而难于观察部分的可视性，同时又不牺牲其他部分的细节显示，使DR的应用更完美。     

组织工程用聚合物多孔支架的制备技术

组织工程用多孔支架不仅要有普通生物材料具有的性能,而且对其孔径、孔隙率、比表面积等物理性能也有一定的要求,而这些物理性能与多孔支架的制备工艺密切相关。本文对组织工程用聚合物多孔支架的制备方法进行了较为全面的回顾,包括纤维粘结法、粒子致孔法、熔融成型法、气体发泡法、相分离法、烧结微球法和快速成型等方法。每种方法各有其优缺点,将多种方法结合,制备出同时具有复杂外形和规则的相连孔结构是组织工程多孔支架制备技术研发的方向。     

Some technical improvements for the voltage clamp with the double sucrose gap

Summary A new double sucrose gap chamber using electrodes of high stability and low resistance is described. The size of each sucrose gap and the central node can be modified independently so that this chamber is suitable for research on multicellular or unicellular excitable preparation under voltage clamp conditions. The shape of the central channel is made so as to reduce the series resistance between the preparation and the recording electrode to a minimum. A window made in the floor of the chamber allows to observe the preparation under a microscope.This work was performed under the I.N.S.E.R.M. grant no. 17.75.40.     

侧脑室室管膜囊肿的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断（附10例报告）

目的探讨侧脑室室管膜囊肿的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析10例侧脑室室管膜囊肿患者的临床及MRI影像学资料。结果10例中有明显症状者3例，其余7例症状不明显。MRI表现为侧脑室三角区和／或体部内单发椭圆形囊样病灶，边界清晰、光滑、锐利，信号均匀，在MRI所有序列上均与脑脊液信号相同，5例增强扫描病灶无增强，邻近的脉络丛受压移位。4例合并同侧颞角轻度扩大，1例合并同侧颞角明显扩大。双侧脑室前角无明显扩大。邻近脑实质无水肿带。结论侧脑室室管膜囊肿MRI表现具有一定特征性，为该病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要依据。     

由两张照片确定物体的三维结构

本文介绍一种体视学方法～双平面成像体视法。这种方法只要从不同角度拍摄物体的两张照片，通过计算机的计算来确定物体的三维结构。目前流行的体视学方法，无论是从随机切片中统计出三维参数还是连续切片的三维重建，都相当于用一只眼睛观看大量景物之后所作的综合。本文提出的方法相当于人类用两只眼睛观察物体产生的立体视觉。该法所需信息量少（只需物体的两张照片），算法简便，计算结果精确。是一种值得推广的体视学方法。     

Exocrine ductalpCO2 in the rabbit pancreas

An improvedpCO₂ microelectrode has been evaluated and used to investigate whether a significant barrier to diffusion of CO₂ exists in the rabbit pancreas. The results of this study show the improved Carter and CaflischpCO₂ microelectrode to be an accurate and reliable tool for measuring pancreatic venous and ductalpCO₂. The similarities betweenpCO₂ values from the pancreatic ducts and small pancreatic veins suggest that there is no barrier to CO₂ diffusion between small veins and exocrine ducts in the rabbit pancreas, and that ductalpCO₂ is probably strongly influenced by the CO₂ tension of the small pancreatic blood vessels.